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CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA
ILLUSTRATIONS
SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS.
VOL. V.
CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENEIi
BULIMUS. CASSIS.
ACHATINA. TURRITELLA.
DOLIUM. MESALIA.
EGLISIA.
CASSIDARIA.
ONISCIA.
EBURNA.
LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBERG ;
HONORARY MEMBER OF THE IPSWICH MUSEUM.
' As the Snail wliose tender bonis being hit,
Shrinis backwards in his sheliy cave with pain,
And there, all smothered up, in shade doth sit,
Long after Icaring to creep forth again." — Shakspeare.
L 0 N JJ 0 N :
UEEVE, BENHAM, AND REEVE, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.
1849.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENLfS
B U L I M U S
' Thi' fertile bosom of the earth gives siiel<
To myriads, who still grow beneatli her rare,
Rewarding her with their piuf perfeetiiess."— S//.V/('i/.
/iu/wais. P/. /.
>^
BULIMUS.
Genus BULBfUS, Lamarck.
Testa ovata, vel oblonga, vel turrita, anfractibits nunc per-
paucis, ventricosis, nunc plurimis, contractis, aut fra-
ffiUius et nape translucidis, aut cramuscwUs, epidermide
interdum duplici indutk; columella recta, interdum, uni-
pUcatd, hasinunqnam trmicatd; aperture! nonnunqtiam
dentatd, plerumque integrd, iimrgiiii/mi diyiinctis, lahro
vel simplici, vel re/texo. Opercii/iim hhIIuih.
Shell ovate, oblong, or turreted, whorls sometimes very
few and ventricose, sometimes many and contracted,
either fragile and often transparent, or rather thick,
covered with, sometimes, a double diaphanous epi-
dermis ; columella straight, sometimes one-plaited,
never truncated at the base ; aperture in some in-
stances toothed, generally entire, with the margins
disjoined, lip either simple or reflected.
The beautiful forms and varieties of shells produced by
those aii'-breathing mollusks, which, under the generic
appellation of BuUmus, constitute an important division
of the gi-eat tribe of Snails, have become objects of
especial interest to the conchologist, owing to the zeal
with which a few enterprising scientific travellers have
lately penetrated into tropical countries in pursuit of them.
It is, however, to the productive exertions of Mr. Cuming
that we are mainly indebted for the newer and more
attractive subjects of the present monograph. The re-
searches of this ardent naturalist in the arid plains on the
west side of the Andes, in the dense woods of West
Colmubia and Central America, and, more recently, in
the luxuriant open forests of the Philippine Islands, whilst
they present an instructive contrast, exceed any result
the most sanguine collector could have anticipated. In
the dry and ban-en regions of Western Chili and Peru,
the BuUmi are mostly small and of comparatively fragile
structui-e; but in the beautifid islands of the Eastern
Archipelago, where climate aud vegetation combine to
favom- the growth of arboreal species, the genus is
represented with prolific splendom-. Blr. Cuming must
have truly felt like one transported to the fabled garden of
the Hesperides, when beholding the lofty trees of these
sunny isles laden with snails of such magnificent propor-
tions. Aladdin, in the Arabian tale, could not, sm-ely,
have contemplated the rich clusters of vaii-coloured fruit
in the garden of the African Magician with more astonish-
ment, nor probably gathered it with more aWdity.
"It was in 18.36," relates Mi-. Broderip, "that :Mr.
Ciuning proceeded to the Philippine Islands by permission
of the Queen Eegent of Spain, and aided by powerfid
recommendations from her government, which opened to
him the interior of the islands, and caused him to be
received with a noble hospitaUty, equalled oidy by the
warm interest which facilitated his pm-suits wherever he
amved and made himself known." Species of which we
had but an imperfect knowledge, in consequence of the
bad condition in which a stray individual chanced to
reach our cabinets, were found in liixm-iant plenty, and
many new kinds were discovered in their aii-y solitude in
equal abundance. Had De Terussac, the enthusiastic
admii-er of this tribe, Hved to see the glorious series of
Bull mi accumulated in the Cumingian collection in different
stages of growth, and in the finest state of preservation,
from the egg to the adult, he would have been indeed
amazed. Sorry am I that the limits of the present work
win not allow me to illustrate more than two, or occa-
sionally three, of the typical varieties of each species, and
of these but a single view.
The genus BuUmus, as restricted by Lamarck, compre-
hends an extremely natural group, though presenting
important differences of growth and texture ; and these
variations are peculiarly local. In the Philippine Islands,
as just described, the species are of large and rather soUd
gi-owth with a remarkable hydrophanous epidermis, that
is, one pei-meable by water or other evaporable fluid.
On the barren liUls of Lima and the sandy plains of Chili
and Peru, they are mostly small and delicately formed ;
in Brazil, the species are remarkable for having the aper-
ture in frequent instances denticulated; and in New
Caledonia, Venezuela, New Grenada, and New Hebrides,
they not imcommonly exhibit, with equal peculiarity, a
plaited Auricula-YikQ columella.
It is a curious featui-e in the Philippine species that
the varieties of pattern, which constitute then- chief orna-
ment, reside only in the epidermis. The colours of the
shell rarely describe any sort of configuration : they are
mostly blended into a uniform tint, over which a fanciful
pattern is produced by the epidei-mis forming a double
porous membrane in some places, and a single one only
in others, developed, moreover, with the same continuous
regularity as the textile marking of a Volute or Cone.
This phenomenon is easily detected by immersing the
shell in water, when the light portion or upper porous
April, 184.8.
BULIMUS.— Plate I.
laver of epidermis becomes saturated, and the ground
colour of the shell is seen through it; as the moisture
evaporates, the epidermis resumes its light appearance.
Sir DaWd Brewster, hi reply to a letter from Mr. Broderip
ou this subject, says : " It appears to me, from very careful
observations, that the epidermis consists of two layers,
and that it is only the upper layer which is porous
wherever the pattern is wliite. These white or porous
portions of the epidermis differ from the other parts of
the upper layer only in hanng been deprived of, or in
never having possessed, the element which gives trans-
parency to the membrane ; in the same manner as hydro-
phauous opal has become white, from the expulsion of
its water of crystallization."
There is little variety in the animal of BuUmus : the
Chilian species are mostly of a bght colour, and a few in
tliis and the Columbian district are spotted, some having
a transparent shell through which the spots are visible.
The PhiUppine species are, without exception, of a sombre
olivaceous bro^vn, and dwell in family groups, as it were,
among the shady foliage of the branches. Out of a gi-oup
of some dozen living specimens not more than three or
four may be found in an adult state with the lip of the
shell reflected. They may be dislodged by shaking the
branches, but are cliielly disturbed by the heavy rains
with wliich those islands are at times visited. Mr. Cuming
preferred, however, to collect them in diy sunny weather,
because he was sure of finding the objects of his search in
their shady places of retreat. In the immense sandy tract
on the west side of the Andes, the reverse of this con-
dition of nature prevails. Tlie Bulimi are here physically
very distinct ; some reside all the year round upon the
numerous Cacti, but during the dry season, which lasts
for several months, they mostly live in a state of torpor,
inclosed within their sheU by an epiphragm, and buried
ill tlie sand or under stones. On the approach of the
ilews, they revive to a state of animation, and crawl about
at night in quest of food.
In illustration of the remarkable drought that prevails
in Northern Chili, and of its effect upon moUuscous life,
I am tempted to repeat, in brief, an anecdote related to
me by Mr. Cuming. On the arrival of our friend at the
Port of Copiapo in 1829, he discovered the beautiful
Jiidimm Broderipii in considerable numbers, in the fissures
of the rocks that may be seen here and there in the sandy
plains of that country. Finding a large proportion of
them dead, with tlie soft parts entirely decomposed, he
requested a solitary iuhabitant of the place to collect as
many specimens as he could pick out alive whilst he
occupied himself with botanizing. Returning from his
excursion, Mr. Cuming was greatly disappointed to find
that among the quantity his Chilian collector had accumu-
lated, there was scarcely one in a living state. Upon
remonstrating with him for his inattention, the native
replied : " Ouly wait till the dews come, and they will be
all alive again." Mr. Cuming rejoined : " I suppose you
mean when it rains." The man, however, in perfect aston-
ishment inquired what he meant ; though a sexagenarian,
he had never heard of such a thing as rain.
The Bulimi vary in their mode of propagation : fragOe
species, with the lip of the shell simple, are mostly \nvi-
parous, whilst those with a reflected lip are oviparous.
The arboreal species of the Philippines deposit their eggs
in little clusters on the trees, between two leaves which
the animal manages to curl up one upon the other, so as
to form a receptacle for their protection ; and, so far as
Mr. Cuming's observations go, they are all soft like
snake's eggs, w^ith the single exception of the B. Min-
doroen-m, in which instance the eggs are calcareous,
deposited upon the leaf in parallel rows, each standing
perpendicidarly on end, attached at the base by a glutinous
substance.
The habits of the Bulimi in the two widely remote
coimtries explored by Mr. Cuming, having been treated of
in the foregoing remarks, it only remains to speak of them
in other parts. Turning to New Holland we are unex-
pectedly sm-prised to find that the genus is represented
to an extremely limited extent. I am not aware of more
than three species hanng been found in this wide expanse
of countiy, although several fine Helices have been dis-
covered ; and in a region of which the Fauna and Flora
exhibit so luxuriant and distinctive a character, the scarcity
of a genus of so much importance in the Eastern Isles is
remarkable. The same observation applies to New Zealand,
fi-om whence, so far as the interior of the islands of that
group has been visited, no more than one or two species
have been received. In Africa the Bulimi are almost
as great strangers as in the locabties just spoken of;
throughout the whole extent of land yet explored of this
vast continent, scarcely a dozen species have been ob-
tained. The Bulimi are here replaced by Jcluitina.
Such a phenomenon may also be obseiTcd in some of the
islands of the Pacific ; in the Sandwich Islands the Bulimi
are replaced by the genus Achatinella, and in the Society
Islands their place is occupied by the ParlulrB. In the
West Indies the genera Achatina and Glaiidiiia seem to
prevail. Howsoever abundant is the genus Bulimus in
most of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, few
species appear to inhabit the great territories of India and
Cliina, Ou the coast of Borneo a beautiful species was
BULIMUS.-Plate I.
recently discovered by Mr. Adams, of H.M.S. Samarang,
by the accidental falling of a huge tree, in a woody islet
situated between Banguey and Balambangan, but they
are of rare occurrence in that locality. In Em'ope, where
natui-e is exposed to the vicissitudes of a colder climate,
the Bulimi are mostly small and exhibit no brilliancy of
colour. So also, in the extensive region of North Ajnerica,
where no more than a few insignificant species are known
to exist. It is in the riclily fertile and woody district of
Columbia, that the genus BuUmtis is represented with a
magnificence little inferior to that of the Philippine
Islands ; here they are large enough and sufBciently
abundant to be roasted and eaten by the aborigines as a
frequent article of food. Several fine species, entirely
new to science, have been collected in Venezuela and
New Granada by Mr. Linden, an assiduous Botanical
Traveller, only within the last twelvemonth, at an altitude
of from 5000 to 8000 feet, and many more, no doubt,
(tw(>U in undisturbed solitude in the vast interior of this
immense continent. It is extremely probable that a large
portion of South America yet remains to be explored by
the adventm-ous naturalist, where there is no doubt a fine
expanse of forest country, grand in extent, rich in foliage,
and possessing all the elements favourable to the growth
and beauty of arboreal moUusks.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs jiac;rostom.\. Bid. testa ovali, ventricosd,
yjirn sii/jfiUrerin/ri., mifradihis setiis, convexo-tumicUs,
rniirriitrirr xtrhilis^ ciilniiielld basi siibcontorta ; pnr-
piirvd-fii^iii. ,'jiiiln-ifiiili' Injdrophand, in anfractu ultimo
iiiiizniKiIti, iiiihdii ,■ niii'iiurd cmruleacente-alhd, lahro
reflexo.
The wide-mouth Bulimus. Shell oval, ventricose,
spu'c sUghtly abbreviated, whorls six in number,
convexly tumid, concentrically striated, columella
slightly twisted at the base ; purple-brown, covered
with a hydrophauous epidermis, marked with a single
zone on the last whorl ; aperture blueish white, lip
reflected.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 152.
Hab. Sual, Province of Pangasinan, Island of Luzon,
Philippines (on leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
TJiis species approaches the B. rnfogaster, it partakes
of the same shades of colour, and the epidermis is charac-
terised by a similar zone round the last whorl ; it does not
however exhibit the vacant patches beneath the sutures.
The columella uf B. iiiacrostoma is slightlv twisted, and
the general form of the shell is eminently distinguished
by its swoUen egg-shaped growth.
Species 3. (Pig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pythogastee. Bui. testa subpyraviidali-ovatd,
anfractibm senis, plano-convexis, ultimo ventricoso,
cohwielld recta ; piirpureo-niyrirnide, rpiJi'miide in-
terdniii simplici, interd mil loiiijilinViiiiiViti'r atriijatd,
npertiird ctenilesceitte-albd, columt/ld nmnrro-purpu-
rasceiite.
The oriental Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, whorls six in number, flatly convex, the last
ventricose, columella straight ; purple-black, epider-
mis sometimes simple, sometimes arranged in longi-
tudinal streaks, apertui'e blueish wliite, columella
pinkish piu-ple.
Ferussac, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert, vol.viii. p. 33G.
Hub. Fig. /I, Island of Ticao ; Fig. b, Mount Isarog, Island
of Luzon, Philippines (on leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
The examples ofB.pi/iko//nster selected for representation
vary so materially in form, as well as in the arrangement of
the epidermis, that one might consider them to belong to
distinct species, were it not for the similarity in the struc-
ture and colouring of the aperture. In the specimen from
Ticao, Fig. a, the shell is broader and more acutely ven-
tricose at the base, and the epidermis is arranged in
longitudinal streaks ; in that fi-om Luzon, Fig. b, the base
is somewhat contracted, imparting a more pyramidal form
to the shcU, the apex is dark pm-ple, and the epidermis is
soft and velvety, uniformly distributed thi'oughout without
any description of pattern.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus lignarius. Bid. testa ovato-conoided, veiitri-
cosisslmd, anfractibm senis, tmiiido-convexis ; colit-
melld recta; purpureo-nigricante, €pid4'rmide lineis
fasciiMjne in anfractu ultimo, et interdum penultimo,
Hotatd; aperturd caridescente-albd, columeUd Uvido-
piirpurascente.
The wooden Bulimus. Shell ovately conoid, very ven-
tricose, whorls six in number, timiidly convex ; colu-
meUa straight ; purple-black, epidei-mis marked with
bands or lines on the last and sometimes the penul-
timate whorl ; aperture blueish-white, columella livid
purple.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843.
Hah. Gattarang, Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon,
Philippines (on leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
BULBIL'S.— Plate L
This is the largest of the Philippine species, and that
of the most ventricose proportions. The columella is of
a livid blueish purple, and the epidermal pattern consists
of a number of circidar bands or lines, frequently ex-
tending around the last and penultimate whorls ; tiie
specimen figured, in which the bands are confined to the
last whorl, is rather an exceptional variety.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS RUFOGASTER. Bid. testd ovato-comided, sub-
veiitricosd, anfractibtis senis, convexin, columella suli-
intortd ; nigricante-purpured, interdum rufescente,
epidermide basin versus ttnifasciatd, strigis longitudi-
naliius nigricantibus, prope ad suturas latiorihus, no-
tatd, aperturd columelldgue cwrulescente-albidis.
The red Bclimus. Shell ovately conoid, somewhat
ventricose, whorls six in number, convex, columella
somewhat twisted; blackish purple, sometimes reddish,
epidermis marked towards the base with a single
band, and with dark longitudinal streaks, wliich are
broader near the sutures, aperture and columella
blueish white.
Hab. Province of Baie, Island of Luzon (in dark and
lofty forests) ; Cuming.
In this species the columella is slightly twisted, and of
the same blueish white hue as the interior of the shell.
TJie pattern of the cpidei-mis exhibits a single band round
the lower part of the last whorl, and a row of broad,
short, interrupted streaks around the sutures. This last
mentioned design I have not observed in any other species.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
IkLiMUs PuiLiPPiNENSis. Bul. testd ovnto-conoidcd,
ba.u subplanulatd, anfractibm senis, convexis, ultimo
basin versus subobscure angulaio ; columella leviler
intortd; nigricanie-fuscd, epidermide in strigis oblique
concentricis, aperturd candescente-albd, columella pal-
lida rosaceo-purpurascente.
TiiK Philiim'Ine Bulimcs. Shell ovately conoid, some-
what flattened at the base, whorls six in number.
convex, last whorl somewhat obscurely angled towards
the base ; columella slightly twisted ; blackish-brown,
epidennis disposed in obliquely concentric streaks,
aperture blueish wliite, columella pale pinkish purple.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846.
JIab. Islands of Luzon and Marinduque, Philippines (on
the leaves of trees) ; Ciuning.
There is little to distingiiish this species from the
B. pijlhoganler ; it has a somewhat angular inclination of
growth around the lower part, but this is not a character
to which much importance can be attached, seeing that
the typical varieties above figured of that species present
almost as great a difference of form.
(Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS Reevii. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, aiifraciibux
senis, tumidiusculis, ultimo ventricoso, ejf'uso ; intense
ustulato-fuscd, epidermide infaseiis insignibm laliuscidis
remotis lineisque subtilibus, aperturd candescente-albd,
cohmieUd vix intortd, peritremate livido-purpuras-
cenlibus.
Reeve's Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls six in
nimiber, rather swollen, last whorl ventricose and
effused; rich burnt-brown, with the epidermis in
remarkable rather broad bands and fine lines, apcr-
tui-e blueish white, columella sc;u-cely twisted, and,
together with the pcritreme, of a h^id purple hue.
Cuming, MSS., Mus. Cuming.
Helix Reevii, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soe., lS-11.
IM. Luhban, Province of Tayabas, Island of Luzon,
Philippines (on the leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
This is the first species of Bulimus, and I believe the
first shell, which Mr. Cuming unpacked from his vast
collection on his return from the Philippines, and, being
present at this exciting moment, I shall not easily forget
the impression caused by the sight of so superb an example
of an arboreal Snail. The remarkable disposition of the
epidermis was quite a matter of astonishment, nothing of
the kind had been observed before, nor had any specimen
of the 7?. pi/tliogaster been collected in a state of preser-
vation by wliich this iihenomeiion could be unilcrstood.
Ba/u/ms, /'/. //.
BULIMUS.
Species 7. (Fig. a aud b. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlilus GILVUS. Bui. testa subglobosd, npice obtusd, an-
fractibua senin, rotmuhtis, concentrice strialis, aperfurd
subcontractd, colmnelld vix curvald ; gilvd vel ustulato-
rufd, aufractu ultimo obscure unifaiciato, epidermide
simplici indutd, peritrmiate collumelldque Uvido-albis.
The brick-coloured Bulimus. Shell somewhat globose,
obtuse at the apex, whorls six in number, rouuded,
concentrically striated, aperture rather contracted,
columella slightly cui'ved; brick-colom-ed or bui-nt-
red, last whorl encircled with an obscure band,
covered with a simple epidermis, peritreme and colu-
mella livid-white.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Sec, 184.5, p. -15.
Hoi. Island of Bohol, Philippines (on the leaves of trees);
Cuming.
The specimens of B. gihns figured give a tolerable idea
of the varieties of the species, which only affect the shell
so far as the depth of colom- and thickness of the epidennis
are concerned. The last whorl exhibits an obscm-e band
round the lower part, and the concentric striss are rather
prominently developed, but there is no epidermal pattern
or coufigiu'ation. The bvid-white peritreme and columella
are rather a characteristic feature in the species. It appears
to be confined to the Island of Bohol.
The B. </ilous, it will be observed, partakes much more
of the character of Helix than the following, which Mr.
Broderip refers to that genus according to the method
of De Ferussac.
Species 8. (Pig. a, b, and c. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLums Daphnis. Bui. tedd pyramidali ovatd, mifrac-
tibus senis, coiivexis, plus minus ventricosis, aperturd
subcontractd, colmnelld subrectd; >iiffricante-purpm-ed
spadicedque, epidermide vel simplici, vel in strigis
longitudinalibus, vel infasciis lineisve trmiiversis ; colu-
melld roseo-pnrpured, aperturd carulescente-albd, peri-
tremate nigricante-purpured.
The Daphnis Bulimus. Shell pyi-amidal, ovate, whorls
six in number, convex, more or less ventricose, aper-
ture somewhat contracted, columella nearly straight ;
blackish purple or fawn colour, epidermis either
simple or disposed in longitudinal streaks or trans-
verse bands and Hues, cohmieUa ])inkish pui-ple,
apertui-e blueish wliitc, peritreme blackish piu-ple.
Helix (Cocklostyla) Daphiiis, Broilenp, Pro. Zool. Soc,
1840, p. 180.
Hab. Pig. a. Island of Siquijor ; Pig. b, Argao, Island of
Zebu ; Pig. c, San Nicolas, Island of Zebu, PhiUppines
(on the trees) ; Cuming.
Of the varieties of this charming species it may be said
their name is legion, aU remarkable for their neatness and
alike worthy to sustain the rural dignity of the pastoral
shepherd and poet whose name they bear. Of the speci-
mens selected for representation, one has the epidermis
disposed in transverse bands, another in concentric streaks,
whilst in the third it is without any indication of pattern ;
and it may be observed that they vary even in form. In
the most important part of the shell, the aperture and
colimieDa, they resemble each other perfectly, and not the
least permanent character of the species resides in the
pinky colom'ing of those parts.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus solidus. Bui. testa oblongd, subelongatd, au-
fractibus septenis, ultimo basin versus obsoletissime
angulato ; columelld subintortd ; nigricante-purpured,
epidermide in strigis longitudinalibus, coiifertis, irregu-
laribus, aperturd ccerulescente, peritremute nigricante-
purpured.
The solid Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat elongated,
whorls seven in number, the last very obsoletely
angled towards the base ; columella sbghtly twisted ;
blackish-purple, epidermis in close-set irregular lon-
gitudinal streaks, apertui-e blueish, peritreme blackish-
purple.
PrEiFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 152.
Hab. San Juan, Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon,
Philippines (on leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
This species, of which Mi-. Cuming collected only a few
specimens, is of an elongately oblong form, and composed
of one more whorl than any of the preceding ; it is of
rather dark colour, and the longitudinal streaks of epi-
dermis are very irregular and close-set. There is a variety
in which the last whorl is more inflated and has a whitish
band.
The name devoted to this species is rather an inappro-
priate one, the shell being of no more solid growtli than
its congeners.
April, 1848.
'LIMI'S— Plate JI.
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS MUS. Bui. testa ocatd, crassimeuld, spird ob-
tusd, anfractibus quinis, subrotundatk, columella, sui-
intortd; intense castaned, epidermide aUncante, lineis
mbtilibug conceniricU hie illic interruptd ; columelld
tacled, peri t remote intense castaned.
The mouse Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thick, spin;
obtuse, whorls five in number, somewhat rounded,
columella slightly twisted ; deep chesnut, epidermis
whitish, interrupted here and there with fine lines,
columella milk-white, peritreme deep chesnut.
Hab. Banang, Province of Pangasinan, Island of Luzon
(on trees) ; Cuming.
The preceding species, it may be observed, consists
of a whorl more than its congeners from the Philippine
Islands ; this, on the contrary, is shorter and composed
of a whorl less. It is of an extremely rich ohesnut
colour, covered by an epidermis delicately white, and
only interrupted here and there by fine lines. The
columella does not partake of the colour of the peritreme,
being of a clear milk-white.
Ju///mN.s /'/ ///.
-A
m
-%
B^.'V-f Bciltuii. i. Hro»r
B U L I M U S
Plate III.
Species 11. (Fig. a and i. Mus. Cuming.)
Jk'LiMUs WooDiANCs. Bttl. testd ovato-conoided, basi
pecidiariter eoncavd, an/ractibm guinis subrotundis,
suturis impressis, columella vix intortd ; alba, epider-
mide luted temtissimd tiitidd indidd, anfractu ultimo
tistulato-fusco tincto, conspicue unifasciato, columelld
rosaceo-purpurascente, peril remate et circa columellam
interne nigricante-castaneis.
Wood's Buijmus. Shell ovately conoid, peculiarly con-
cave at the base, whorls five in number, somewhat
round, sutures impressed, columella slightly twisted ;
white, covered with a very thin yellow shining epi-
dermis, last whorl stained with burnt brown and
conspicuously single banded, columella pinkish pur-
ple, peritreme and around the cohmiella deep blackish
chesnut.
Lea, Trans. Acad. Nat. Sc. PhQadelphia, 1 84(1, pi. xi. f. 5.
Hab. Island of Romblon, Philippines (on the trees) ;
Cuming.
This species is of a ciiaracter singularly distinct from
the rest of its congeners of the Philippine Isles. No
[lattern is discernible in the epidermis, which is merely a
tiiin transparent horny layer, nor is there any colour in
the shell until it approaches matmuty. The specimen re-
presented at Fig. 1 1. a is entu-ely colourless ; that at ll.b
has a burnt brown hue upon the last whorl, which is
further distinguished by a dark band and intensely dark
ciiesnut-staiued peritreme.
Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.)
I M r N J I' G L AN s . Bui. testd ovaid, crassimculd, anfrac-
tdiiis qiiiiiis, rotundato-lumidis, oblique striatis, aper-
tiird siibcontractd, columelld inirorsum areuatd; in-
tense rufo-castaned, epidermide tenuiculd, spiraliter
lineatd, aperturd peritremate et columelld livido-caru-
lesceniibus. •
WALNUT BuLiMUs. Shell ovate, rather thick, whorls
tive in number, rotundately tumid, obliquely striated,
aperture slightly contracted, columella curved in-
wards ; deep reddish chesnut, epidennis rather thin,
spirally lineated, apertm-e peritreme and columella
pale livid blue.
:fkee. Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842. p. 89.
Mountains of Igarrotes, northern extremity ol' tlie
Island of Luzon, Philippines (on leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
A rather scarce species of solid growth, and ol' a deep
■rimson brown colour. The aperture is somewhat eou-
iracted, and there is a peculiar twist in the columella.
I'he e|)idermis is rather slight, disposed in spiral lines.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS Faunus. Bui. testd mbpyramidali-omtd, cras-
■misculd, anfractibus senis, subconvexis, columMd vi.v
rectd; castaneo-fuscd, epidermide simpliei,fiiM(j-fim<i,
inaculis paucis nigrieantibus prope suturas exhibeutibii.s.
aperturd cmrulescente-albd, columelld rosacnj-fiurpK-
rascente, peritremate nigricante.
The Pawn Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, rather thick, whorls six in number, sUghlly
convex, columella nearly straight ; chesnut-browii,
epidermis simple, smoky-brown, exhibiting a few
blackish spots next the sutures, aperture bluish-
white, colmnella pinkish-purple, peritreme blackish.
Helix (Cochhstyla) Faunus, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc,
1840. p. 180.
Hai. San Nicolas, Island of Zebu (on the trees); Cuming.
Of a firm pyramidal growth, singularly characterized by
a row of irregular small spots around the sutures.
Species 14. (Fig. a, b, c. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Ticaonicus. Bui. testd subgloboso-ovatd, apicc
obtusd, anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, coluuwlld sub-
urcuatd ; castaneo-rufd aut Jlavicante, epidermide in
floccis strigisve subdi^tantibus coiispicuis, aut simplict
aut spiraliter lineatd, columelld rosaceo-purpurascente,
peritremate purpureo-castaned, nonnwnquam pallida.
The Ticao Bulimus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
obtuse at the apex, whorls five in number, rounded,
columella slightly arched ; chesnut-red or pale yellow,
with the epidermis in conspicuous, rather distinct
flakes or streaks, or simple or spii'ally lineated. colu-
mella pinkish-purple, peritreme purple-chesiiut, some-
times pale.
Helix (Coc/ihstgla) Ticaonica, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc.
1840.
Uab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (in the woods); Cuming.
This species, like the B. Daphais of the Island of Zebu,
is an extremely variable one, assuming numerous styles of
pattern and colom-, as may be noticed by the contrast af-
forded in the specimens selected for representation. AH
are, however, distinguished by tlieii- globose form, and by
the important delicate pink colouring of the columella.
April, 1848.
jj/////////.y . /'/ /r
BULIMUS
Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs MiNDOKOENSis. Bill, testd cyUndraceo-oblongd,
anfractibm sen is, convexis, columella, subarciiatd ; fiisco-
nigricante aut nifescente, epiJermide in strigis conspi-
cuis subdistantibm, aperturd carulescente-albd, peritre-
mate effusd, intense fusco-nigricante.
The Mindoro Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
whorls SL\ in number, convex, colimiella slightly
arched ; brownish black or reddish, with the epi-
dennis in conspicuous, rather distant, longitudinal
streaks, aperture bluish white, peritreme effused,
deeply stained with brown-black.
Bkoderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1810. p. 84.
Hab. Puerto Galero, Philippine Islands (on the leaves of
trees) ; Cuming.
The epidennal pattern of this species is characteristic,
consisting of numerous conspicuously marked longitudinal
streaks, which in parts are somewhat distant from each
other. The apertm-e in most of the species is comparatively
rather small, and the lip in all is effused rather than re-
flected back.
I cannot quite agree in the varieties noted by Mr.
Broderip, some of which are too nearly alike to make it
worth while to mark a distinction, whilst there is one
which appears to me of so different a character, that it
shoidd be regarded as another species, see Plate V. Sp.20.
Species 16. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus chrysalidiformis. Bui. testd cyUndraceo-
oblongd, medio ventricosiore, anfractibus septenis, sub-
plano-convexii, columelld subintortd, aperturd parmus-
culd ; intense rufo-cmtaned, epidermide iti fasciis la-
tiusculis, longitudinalibus, tmdatis, vel flavescente,
epidermide mb fascid rufo-fuscd infra sutiiras eximie
tessellatd, peritremate interne coitaned.
The chrysalis-shaped Bulimus. Shell cyhndrieally
oblong, more ventricose in the middle, whorls seven
in number, rather flatly convex, columella slightly
twisted inwards, apertiire somewhat small; deep
reddish chesnut colour, with the epidermis in rather
broad longitudinal waved streaks, or yeUowsh, with
the epideimis delicately tessellated upon a reddish
brown band beneath the sutures, peritreme deep
chesnut brown.
SowEBBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833. f. 37. Conch. Ilhis.
Bulimus, f. 28.
Hab. Fig. 16 a, Mansalai, Island of Mindoro. Fig. IGi,
Puerto Galero, Philippines (in dark forests of thick
foliage, upon and beneath the leaves) ; Cuming.
The Bulimus chrysalidiformis described by Mr. Sowerby,
prior to Mr. Cuming's voyage to the PhOippine Islands,
from a pale uncoated specimen, is mainly distinguished by
its elongately cylindrical form, the aperture being com-
paratively rather small, and a little distorted from the
twisting of the columella. The yellow variety represented
at Fig. 16 a, is very remarkable, and appears, at tii'st sight,
to dift'er materially from the type of the species, which
approaches rather to B. Mindoroensis.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus nimbosus. Bui. testd pyramidali-oblongd, spird
acnminatd, anfractibus septenis, convexis, columelld
nrcuatd; intense brunned, epidermide in fioccis latis
subdistantihus undatis, aperturd ceeruUscente-albd, pe-
ritremate brnnned.
The rainy Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, spire
acimiinated, whorls seven in number, convex, colu-
meDa arched ; deep brown, with the epidermis in
broad, rather distant, wavy flakes, aperture bluish
wlute, peritreme brown.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 121.
Hab. Island of Negros (on the summits of the mountains) ;
Cuming.
A fine dark brown species of a pyramidally acuminated
form, with the epidermis disposed in light longitudinally
waved flakes. Mr. Broderip's variety d has always aji-
peared to me so constantly distinct from this, that I
propose to elevate it to the rank of a species, in compli-
ment to my friend. Dr. I'feiffer.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Pfeifferianus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, sub-
veiitricosd, anfractibus senis, tumiditcsculis, columelld
subarcuatd ; Jtavo-viridescente, epidermide in strigis
longitudinalibus undatis, columelld et aperturd cteru-
lescente-albis, peritremate et parte circa columellam,
nigricante-fuscis.
April, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Pi.ATK IV.
Pfeiffeb's Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather vcn-
tricose, whorls six in numbex, somewhat swollen,
columella slightly arched ; pale yellowish green, with
the epidermis in longitudinally waved streaks, colu-
mella and aperture bluish white, peritreme and the
part round the columella blackish brown.
Bulimus nimbosm, var. d, Broderip.
Hab. Tankay, Island of Negros (on the branches); Cuming.
I have long regarded this shell in my own mind as a
species distinct from B. nimbosus ; it is composed of one
whorl less, is constantly more ventricose, less pyramidally
acuminated, and always distinguished by a pale yellowish-
green cast of colour with a dark chesnut blotch, nearly
black, around the columella, and there is a peculiarity also
in the arrangement of the epidermis.
To Dr. Pfeiffcr, of Cassel, I dedicate this beautilul
species, trusting he will appreciate my desire to do him
honour for the service he has rendered to conchological
science by his laborious investigation of the great tribe
of Helicidte of which the preseut genus forms a part.
Species 19. (Pig. a and i. Mus. Cuming.)
IUlimis pictor. Bid. tenia acuminato-obhjiigd, anfrac-
libus ieiiis, co/ivexii, culumeUd subrecld ; interne brun-
iied, epidermide plus minusve alba, fasciis anffuitis
loiigitudimilibus undatis, interdum interruptis, prceter-
mittente, apertnrd ccerulescenle, peritrenwte nigricante-
castaneo marginatd. ^
The painter Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, whorls
six in number, convex, columella nearly straight:
rich brown, epidermis more or less white, leaving
narrow longitudinally waved dark bands, which are
sometimes iuterrui)ted, aperture bluish white, ])eri-
treme edged with blackish chesnut.
BiiODERiP, Pro.Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 120.
Hab. Dingle, Province of llo llo. Island of Penang,
Philippines (on the trees) ; Cuming.
A richly coloured species, with the epidermis so depo-
sited as to leave a dark, longitudinal, zig-zag stripe
at intervals, which is occasionally broken or otherwise
interrupted, and has a striking appearance from the epi-
dermis being of a thick, opake-white, satiny hue down
one side. The aperture is of clear milky white, and the
peritreme is peculiar in having the usual dark colouring
matter iiuite at tiic edge.
/jN///////,'i . /'/ J'
BULIMUS
Plate V.
Species 20. (Fig. a and h. Mus. Cuming.J
BuLiJfUs NOBiLis. Bttl. testa aaiminato-oblongd, anfrac-
tibus quinis senisve, mbplano-convexis, suturis impressis,
columella rectiusculd; virescmte-Jlavidd, epidermide
tetmi, zonulas alias si.nuatas, lonc/itudinales, nunc dis-
tantes, nunc interruptas, exhibente, anfractu ultimo
fascid angustd nigricante-fuscd parte in/eriore c'mgu-
lato, circa columellam nigricante, peritremate alba.
The noble Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, whorls
five or sis in number, somewhat flatly convex, sutures
impressed, columella rather straight ; gi'eenish yellow;
epidermis tliin, exhibiting longitudinally sinuated
opake white zones, sometimes interrupted, sometimes
rather distant, last whorl witli a narrow dark brown
band round the lower part, blackish around the
columella, peritreme white.
Hob. Mountains of Igbaras, Island of Luzon, Philippines
(on the trees) ; Cuming.
The markings of this beautiful species are similar to
those of the B.fidgetrum, the epidermis being thin, ex-
ceptmg where it is disposed in striking lightning-like
streaks, darting, so to speak, out of the sutm-es ; in form
the shell is constantly distinct, and it is further cliarac-
terized by a conspicuous dark band.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus electricus. Bid. testa sitbelongato-ovatd, me-
dio ventricosiore, spird acuminatd, anfractibus senis,
■mbplano-convexis, columella leviter intortd ; limdo-
rufd, epidermide tenuiculd, strigas pallidas oblique un-
datas, valdi irregidares, exhibente, aperturd albidd,
peritremate rufo-fuscd.
The electric Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongately
ovate, more ventricose in the middle, spire acumi-
nated, whorls sis in number, rather flatly convex,
columella slightly twisted ; livid red, epidermis rather
thin, exhibiting veiy irreg-ular obliquely waved pale
streaks, aperture wliitish, peritreme reddish brown.
Bulimus Mindoroensis, var. k, Broderip.
Ilab. Puerto Galero, Island of Jlindoro, Philippines (on
the leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
If any importance is to be attached to the character and
pattern of the epidei-mis of these shells, there is certainly
enougli to distinguish tliis from the B. Mindoroensis.
The epidermis is of a soft, very slight texture, of a uniform
reddish brown tint in which light streaks descend here
and there from the sutures in very zigzag course, some-
what as in B.falgetrum but fainter; and, besides this,
the shell is of a more acuminated growth, wliilst the last
whorl is larger and more effused.
Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus bicoloratus. Bui. testa pyramidali, anfrac-
tibus septenis, loiter convexis, columella sub intortd ;
rufo-brunned, snbtus viridi, epidermide in strigis lati-
mcuUs longitudinalibus medio peculiariter interruptis,
et inferni bifasciatd, peritremate cohimelldqne intense
iiigro-fuscis.
The two-coloured Bulimus. Shell pyramidal, whorls
seven in number, slightly convex, columella slightly
twisted ; reddish-bro\vn, green beneath, epidermis
in rather broad longitudinal bands, peculiarly inter-
rupted in the middle, and two-banded round the
lower part, peritreme and columella deep black-
brown.
Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. vii. p. 459. pi. U. f. 8.
Bulimus Alberti, Broderip.
Eab. Mount Isarog, Province of Camariuas ; and Calanang,
Province of Bale, Island of Luzon, Philippines (on
the trees) ; Cuming.
A truly beautiful species, remarkable for its pyramidal
growth, and original display of coloimng. None of the
preceding species have any indication of tlie bright green
which distinguishes the under portion of the body-whorl
in this, and the epidermal pattern is equally pecidiar.
The shell described by Mr. Broderip under the name of
B. ongx appears to be only another state of this, inhabiting
the same locality in more lofty situations in the trees.
It should be observed that Mr. Cuming coDected but two
specimens, one in bad condition, the other of immature
growth. They are of a singidar pupiform shape, but are
so nearly allied to the B. bicoloratus in other respects, that
the species must be received with caution until further
and better means of comparison can be obtained.
The honour intended by the dedication of this flnest of
the Philippine species, to be conferred on H.R.H. Prince
iVlbert, whose interest in Conchology is handsomely testi-
fied by his patronage of the present work, was imcon-
April, IS-iS.
BILIMUS.— 1'i.AiE V.
sciously intercepted in the present instance by Mr. Lea of
Philadelphia.
Species 23. (Fig. a, b, and c. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS FULGETRUM. Btd. testd oUoiigo-ovald, siibveii-
Iricosd, anfractibm qidnk, ultimo majiisailo, columella,
cix arcuatd ; ustulalo-fuscd el Jlavkante, epUlermide
iu slrigit albU opnck mrii undatis, ■wbdislatilibu.i,
peritremate alid.
The lightning-marked Buumus. Shell oblong-ovate,
somewhat ventricose, whorls live in mnnber, last
whorl rather large, columella slightly curved ; burnt-
brown or yellowish, with the epidermis in rather
distant variously waved opake white streaks, peri-
treme white.
Broderii', Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840., p. 119.
Ilai. Island of Negros, Philippines (on the trees); Cuming.
Of all the species collected by Mr. Cuming at the
PliiLppine Islands, this has, perhaps, most excited the
admiration of amateurs. The electrical flashes, so to
speak, of light satiny epidermis which descend from the
sutures are peculiarly striking, and unlike anything that
had been seen before. The ground colour of the shell
varies from a rich burnt-brown to a pale lemon colour.
Biiiitiuis.rirfi.
£^
^
$
S^
^^
i ,^l
B U J. I i\I U S
Species 34. (Fig. o and A. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs GuiMARASENsis. Bul. tedd subacmmtiato-
ohlomja, aufractibus guiius, corwexis ; alhd, glnhrd, an-
fractibus fascia fused coiisp'icni'i xupm iiifnujiii' riiK/tt-
latis, epidermide teiiid iii/ii/u' /ii/rn-ii/ir,iri,i imhiUi.
The Gdimaras Bulimus. Shell someuhut aeumiuately
oblong, whorls five in number, convex ; white, smooth,
whorls encircled above and below by a conspicuous
brown band, and covered by a thin shining yellowish
ohve epidermis.
Broderip, Pro.Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 15fi.
Hah. Island of Guimaras, Philippines (on the trees) ;
Cuming.
A well-defined though not a ])articu]arly striking shell,
partaking of the character of B. owideus and citrinus.
Fig. 34 a is the ordinary state of the species ; the variety
represented at Fig. 34 b is one of rare occurrence, in
which the bands are unusuallv broad and dark coloured.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus frater. Bul. tedd mbacuminato-oblongd, an-
fractibus quinis, convexis ; rosaceo-albidd, anfractuum
parte mferiori zonuld migustd rtifeacente cingulatd,
epidermide temd nitidd rufescente-luted indutd.
The brother Bulimus. Shell somewhat aeumiuately
oblong, whorls five in number, convex ; pinkish-
white, lower part of the whorls encircled by a narrow
reddish zone, covered by a thin shining reddish-yellow
epidermis.
De Ferussac, Hist. Nat. Moll. terr. et fliiv. pi. 113.
f.3 and 4.
Hab. Island of Leyte, Philippines (on the leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
Dr. Pfeifler is of opinion that this shell is the B. frater
of De Ferussac, which is highly probable, although his
figure of that species represents one of larger dimensions
and devoid of the delicate rose colouring.
Species 36. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus maculiferus. Bid, testd acuminatu-obloiigd,
plerumque sinisirorsd, anfractibus senis, convexii, coii-
centrice striatis, ultimo longiusculo ; flavescente-spa-
diced, interdum brunneo maculatd et iiebulatd, interdum
inuiianlntd, lined ro-mi lotigitnilmali liic il/ic ornald.
siitiiris alhidis, peritremate alhd, iipice iiitute opaco-
albo.
The blotched Bulimus. Shell aeumiuately ol)loiig,
mostly sinistral, whorls six in number, concentrically
striated, last whorl rather long; yellowish lawn
colour, sometimes blotclied and clouded with brown,
sometimes unspotted, ornamented here and there
with a ])ink longitudinal line, sutures whitish, peri-
treme white, apex shining opake white.
Broderip, Pro. Zool.Soc, 1841, p. 14.
Hab. Province of Misamis, Philippines (on the trunks ol
trees) ; Cuming.
Dr. Pfeiffer has intimated his opinion that the B. macu-
liferus is a variety of the B. citrinus. I cannot, however,
agree with him in this ; the species are very nearly allied
but always distinct. The present is of a more elongated
growth, and in aU its varieties is characterized by tlie
same pale ferruginous fawn colouring. The variety repre-
sented at Fig. 36 5 is prettily distinguished by three or
four narrow longitudinal zones of a delicate rose colour.
Species 37. (Fig. a and A. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus smaragdinus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, plus
minusve ventricosd, anfractibus convexis, subtilissime
oblique striatis, sutnris superficialiter canaliculatis ;
alhd, epidermide tenui corned nitidd infra .suturas
imlutd; in anfractu ultimo smaragdind vel olivaceo-
virescente, purpureo apici'in fi/r.ii/.i eraiiesceitte ; pm-
tremate interdum alhd, iiifcnln.,,! iiaHiili' rosacea.
The emerald-green Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate,
more or less ventiicose, whorls convex, very finely
obliquely striated, sutm-es superficially channelled,
white, covered beneath the sutures with a thin shining
horny epidermis ; l)right emerald-green or olive-green-
on the last whorl, fading into purple towards the apex,
peritreme sometimes white, sometimes light pink.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 49. Conch. Syst. vol. ii.
pi. 173. f. 6.
Hah. Surigao, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (on the
leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
The accompanying figures of this bright coloured and
delicate species represent extreme states of it, one being
much more vcntricosc and of a lii>-liter colour tlian the
April, 1848.
BULIMIS.— Plate VI.
other. The chief peculiarity of the B. mnara/fdinus consists
ill the nature of its epidermis, wliich, unlike that in most
of the preceding Philippine species, exhibits no pattern,
hut contains all the coloui-ing matter. The sheO is pure
white, and the beautiful emerald-green colour, so much to
be admired, resides within the epidermis, which is of a
lliiu shining horny character, commencing in a singiUar
manner just beneath the sutures, and may be peeled away.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hi'i.iMUS CINCINNIFOKMIS. Bul. testd subpijramidaH-
ovatd, tentdculd, anfractibus senis, plarw-convexk ;
alia, anfractibus fasciis duabus distantibus, nigrican-
fiim, epidermidis particulis notatix cingulatu, labro
hinii, vix rejiexo.
The curl-shaped Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyrami-
dally ovate, rather thin, whorls six in number, flatly
convex ; white, whorls encircled with two distant
black bands marked with particles of epidermis, lip
thin, scarcely reflected.
Iliib. Island of Luban, Philippine? (on the trees) ; Cuming.
A thin pyramidal shell, in which the black bands
curiously studded with light particles of epidermis.
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Satyrus. Bul. testd mibpwpiformi, anfractibus
(juinis, convexis, columella sicbinturtd ; purpvreo-nigrd,
epidermide fused slmpUci indutd, aperturd ccerulescente-
albd, colmnelld carneo-purpurascente, peritremate pur-
pureo-nigrd.
The Satyr Bulimus. Shell somewhat pupiform, whorls
five in number, convex, columella slightly twisted ;
jjiu'ple-black, covered with a simple brown epidermis,
aperture blueish white, columella light flesh-purple,
peritreme purple-black.
Brodeeip, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1842. p. 181.
Uab. Island of Tablas, Philippines (on the leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
Mr. Cuming only obtained a few specimens of this
species; it is of a dark purple-black hue without any
epidermal pattern to attract particular attention.
:Bulimu.< . J''- IV
"\
-O
4
BULIMUS.
Species 30. (Pig. r/, b, c, and d. Mu?, Cuming.)
"BuLiMUS ciNCiNNUS. Bul. testd ovato-pyramidali, teimi,
mbhyalina, anfraclilm senis subrotundatis, columella
siibintortd, labro simplici,, vix reflexo ; palUde rosacea,
albidd aut virescenfe, epidermide fused basin versus
sparsim maculatd.
The curl Bulimus. Shell ovately pyramidal, thin,
rather transparent, whorls six in number, somewhat
rounded, columella slightly twisted, lip simple,
scarcely reflected ; pale pink, whitish or greenish,
sparingly bespotted towards the base with dark
browii epidermis.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 98.
Ifnb. Islands of Temple and Burias, Philippines (on the
leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
A very delicate and extremely variable species, the
epidermis of wliich is of so tenacious a character that it is
rare to meet with specimens having any portion adhering.
The colour of some is purple, of others light pink or pale
^'reen, and the shell has not unfrequently a pink columella.
Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus Calypso. Bui. testd suipr/ramidali-ovatd, din-
p/iand, anfractibus senis, convexis ; columella pecu-
liariter contortd et truncatd, labro tenui, vix reflexo ;
albidd, fasciis pallide olivaceo-luteis, pracipue in un-
fractu ultimo, cingulatd ; columella apice et peritre-
mate roseo-purpureis.
The Calypso Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, diaphanous, whorls six in mmiber, convex ;
columella peculiarly twisted and tnmcated, lip thin,
but Uttle reflected ; whitish, encircled with pale olive
yellow bands, especiaUy round the last whorl, colu-
mella apex and peritreme rose-purple.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 18-iO. p. 182.
Hah. Tanhay, Isle of Negros, Philippines (in the woods) ;
Cuming.
Only two specimens of this very dehcate diaphanous
species were collected ; it is enckcled by numerous faint
olive-yellow bands, somewhat crowded towards the base,
and the columella, peritreme, and first two whorls of the
shell are of a deep rose-pm-ple ; there is, moreover, a
dark purplish stripe around the columella.
It is a peculiarity in this species that the banded pattern
does not reside in the epidermis, as in most of its con-
geners, but in the shell, where it may be observed
ending round the interior.
Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus virens. Bui. testd pyranddali-ovatd, laviiisculd,
nitidd, anfractibus septenis, subplano-convctis, ■ultimo
inferne obscure angulato ; cohmielld rix intortd, labro
mdireflexo ; alba, epidermide teuui virescente basin versus
indutd.
The pale green Bulimus. Shell pyramidally ovate,
rather smooth, shining, whorls seven in nimiber,
rather flatly convex, the last obscurely angled round
the lower part ; columella slightly twisted, lip but
little reflected ; white, covered with a thin epidermis
wliich is of a pale green colour towards the base.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 153.
Hab. Island of Burias, Plulippines (on leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
I cannot trace the resemblance which Dr. Pfeiffer
notices between this shell and B. carinatus. Lea ; the
figure of that species in the Transactions of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, represents a shell
belonging rather to that division of the genus which is
characterised by a hydrophanous epidermis.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Hindsii. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus
quinis convexis, cohmielld subintortd, labro reflexo;
alba, a iifnictibus fascia castaned supra et infra cingu-
latis, cjiiih-riiiiih' Iniiii luted, parte circa columellam
et peril i; „nitr jHiriJun-ofuscis
Hind's Buli-Mis. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls convex,
columella shghtly twisted, lip reflected ; white, whorls
encircled above and below with a chesnut band,
epidermis thin, yellow, peritreme and part around
the columella purple-brown.
Pfeiffer, MSS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Tayabas, Island of Luzon, Philippines (on the leaves
of trees) ; Cuming.
The general aspect of this shell is very simple, but it is
not a species of common occm-rence.
AprU, 1848.
BULl.MUS.— Plate VII.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMCS RoMBLONENSlS. Bul. testd p^ramidali-ovatd,
mifractibui seiiis leviter convexis, driis tramverm el
obli^uis subtilksime obscure decusmtis, columelld in-
lortd ; eirescente-alid, glabra, nitidd, anfractibus fascia
castaned iiiferne c'mgtdatd, epidermide tenui viridi-
luted, parte circa colttmellam nigricante-cadaned, colu-
melld et peritrenuite albis.
The Romblon Bulimus. Shell pyramidally ovate, whorls
slightly convex, obscurely decussated with very fine
transverse and oblique strise, columella twisted ;
greenish-white, smooth, shining, whorls encircled
round the lower part with a chesnut band, epidermis
thin, gi'eenish yellow, blackish chesnut around the
columella, columella and peritreme white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 152.
Hab. Island of Romblon, Philippines (on the trees) ;
Cuming.
.V bright shining species closely resembling a variety ol'
li. cincimiM, not figured in the accompanying plate, which
is sufficiently distinct in form to prevent their being con-
founded, the one for the other.
Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hvu.MUS SLBc.\RiNATLS. Bid. U'itd conico-ovnld, tub-
pellucidd, aiifra^tiius setm convexis, striis transversis
et obliipm subtilissime decusmtis, ultimo inferni ob-
scure atibcarinato, columelld vix iniortd, lahro refiexo,
mibeffum ; cecrulescente-albd, epidermide hydropliand
fuscescente ad suturas peculiariler auratd, sub alterd
corned.
The slightly-keeled Bulimls. Shell eonically ovate,
somewhat transparent, whorls si.x in number, convex,
very finely decussated with fine transverse and ob-
lique striaj, last whorl obscurely slightly keeled,
columella but little twisted, lip reflected, somewhat
efi'iiscd ; blucish white, epidennis hycb-ophanous, light
brown, peculiarly golden tinged at the sutures, over
another one of a thin horny substance.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 153.
Uab. Island of Romblon, Philip])ines (on the leaves of
trees) ; Ciuning.
This delicate semi-transparent species serves to illus-
trate in an interesting manner the phenomenon, observed
in many Btdimi, of a double epidennis. The shell under
consideration is a clear opal white, it is then covered with
a thin, sliining, greenish, horny epidermis, over wliich is
a soft, tenacious, porous, hydrophanous one, curiously
puckered and tinged with a bronze or golden hue around
the sutures.
Bi///f>/'i^- Pf ri/j
0
BULIMUS.
Species 30. (Mas. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS CAMELEOPARD.\Lls. Bul. testd eloitgato-oMoiKjd,
spird valde productd, anfractibtis septenu, plano-coii-
vexis, ultimo obscure carinato, columelld arcuatd,
aperturd parv'msculd ; cadaneo-Jlavicante, epidermide
virgas longitiidiuaks latitisctclas compieuas, tix mi-
datas,p7-aierm.ittente ; pentremate 2)urpureo-nigric(iufe.
The cameleopard Bulimus. Shell elougately oblong,
spire much produced, whorls seven in numljer, flatly
convex, the last obscui'ely keeled, ei>luiiirll;i mclicd,
aperture rather small; chesnut yrllnu, i |ii(li rmi.s
leaving rather broad conspicuous longitudiiiiil -;lniiis,
scarcely waved, peritreme purple-black.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 157.
Hab. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines (on the leaves
of bushes) ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its elongated dactylose fonu, and by
the bold longitudinally striped pattern of the epidermis.
Species 37. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Boholensis. Bid. testa subelongato-obloiigd,
anfractibus senis, leviter convexis, columelld vix intortd;
palUde castaned, apiceni versus J/avicaiite, epideriiikle
niaculas sparsas strigasque acute vndatas, srepe aiigustas,
numerosas, prectermitft'tde, per'dremate purpureo-nigri-
cante.
The Bohol Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongately ob-
long, whorls six in number, slightly convex, columella
a little twisted ; pale chesnut, yellowish towards the
apex, epidermis leaving sharply zig-zag streaks, some-
times numerous and narrow, with scattered spots,
peritreme purple-black.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p, 158.
Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (on leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
In general aspect this species approximates closely to
the preceding ; it is, however, less elongated in form, and
the epidermal pattern is of an oblique zig-zag character,
which is sometimes developed with peculiar neatness.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Calista. Bul. testd elongato-ovatd, anfractibus
septenis, convexis, columelld subiiUortd; stramiiied,
epidermidi' tci,uiriih1, in sirigis lomjdiKliHttlUivx luidntix,
peritri'inatif piirpiireo-uigricuide, apice nijb-casla/ieu.
The Calista Bulimus. Shell elongately ovate, whorls
seven in nimiber, convex, columella slightly tmsted ;
straw-colour, epidermis rather thin, in waved longi-
tudinal streaks, peritreme piu'ple-black, apex reddish
chesnut.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 152.
Hab. Tanhay, Island of Negros, Philippines (on the lea\fs
of bushes) ; Cuming.
The B. Calista is of a delicate straw-colour, with a \ery
light epidermis ; in form it approaches the B. Boliolensis.
and the coloiu'ing of the peritreme and columella is nearly
the same.
Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus dactylus. Bul. testd pyramidali-oblongd, basin
versus pecuUariter effusd; anfractibus septenis, convexis,
ultimo ohsriiri- nirimdn; cnliu.ieUd sMiilorta : ca^laneo-
flSCeSCCldr, rj,i,/,-r,„ii!.- /ni/,/i//n/l,/,l/i/,-r „r/jll/,l/i„, llll-
datd,U,u'amxpind,'i,iuf'niipr,da;.nttr,it,'.iwntrr,Hnle
castaneo-uigricuide.
The finger Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, pecu-
liarly effused towards the base ; whorls seven in
number, convex, the last obscurely keeled ; colimiella
slightly twisted ; light chesnut-brown, epidermis
longitudinally nebulously waved, leaving a spiral
Linear mark round the lower part, peritreme chesnut -
black.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842.
Hab. Mountains of Tayabas, Island of Luzon, Philippines
(on the leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
This species, of which Mi-. Cuming collected but few
specimens, may be recognised by its acuminated growth
and effused development of the aperture. It appears to
come nearer the B. carinatus of Lea in these respects,
than any that has been attributed to that species.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Diana. Bul. testd elongato-oblongd, anfractibiu
septenii, convexis, columelld subintortd ; stramiimi
apicem versus eburned, epidermide tenui longitudinaUli-t
nebulatd et strigatd, peritremate eburned.
April, 1848.
RULIMUS.— Pi.ATF, vin.
IiiK Diana Bllimcs. Shell elongati-ly oblong, whorls
seven in number, convex, columella slightly twisted ;
straw-colour, ivory-white towards the apex, epidermis
tliin, longitudinally streaked and clouded, ])eritremc;
very wliite.
15KODEKIP, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 157.
Jfnb. Timhay, Island of Negi-os, riiilippincs (on the
leaves of bushes) ; Cimiing.
Tlif ciiief point of difference between this species and
tile B. Calisla appears to consist in the shining ivory-white
peritreme and apex, and it is not uidikely, as Mr. Broderip
suggests, that tliey may merge into one and the same
species.
Species 41. (Tig. o and A. Mus. Cuming.)
Ullimus Nvsipha. Bui. testa mbpyramidali-oblmi(jd,
anfractibm senis septenisve, convexis, tdtmio obscure
ca-rinat^ ; columella, vix arcuatd ; mfo-castaned, epi-
itemide in strigis loiigitndinalibus, latis, rectiusculis,
peritremate purpureo-nigricante.
The Nymph Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally ob-
long, whorls six or seven in number, convex, the last
obscurely keeled ; columella scarcely curved ; reddish
chesnut, epiflcrrais in rather straight ijroad longitu-
dinal streaks, peritreme purple-black.
I'feiffkr, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 89.
Ilab. Fig. a, Mount Isarog ; Fig. b, Catanauan, Island of
Luzon, Philippines (on the leaves of trees); Cuming.
The variety represented at Fig. b is composed of a
whorl less than the other, and is of more ventricose pro-
portions. From B. Bo/toleiisis, to which this species is
perhaps the nearest allied, it differs in being of a more
acuminated form, whilst the pretty zig-zag pattern is
wanting in the epidermis.
Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bullous Skiuijoeensis. Bui. testa oblotigo-ovatd, tenui-
culd, anfractUrui serm, suhventricosh, idtinio obscure
carinato ; colmnelld rectiusculd, aperturd paululwn
effusd ; flavicaiUe, epidermide tenui, pulcherrhni mar-
moratd et Jlamnmtd, perilremate purpureo-nigricante,
apice nifescente-castanco.
The Siquijor Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thin, whorls six in number, rather ventricose, the
last obscurely keeled ; columella nearly straight,
aperture a little effused ; yellowish, prettUy flamed
and marbled, peritreme purple-black, apex rcddisJi
chesnut.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184.5, p. 74.
Ilah. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (on the leaves of
trees) ; Cuming.
A light ventricose shell, in wliich the epidermis is dis-
posed iu light sharply zig-zag flames, and beneath the
keel, which is obscurely developed on the lust whorl,
there is an interrupted band of indistinct arrow-headed
marks.
Bn/wiu,s n. IX
A
4
^
>' .v.luin l.R«Y..
BULIMUS.
Species 43. (Fig. a and i. Mus. C'uining.)
BuLiMus CuYOENSis. Bid. testd pp'amidali-ovatd, umhi-
Ucata, anfracUbus q?imis, sultrotmtdis, ventricosmscuUs,
cohniieUd swbarcuafd ; usfulato-fiiscd vel stramined,
niijrij iDiifttSciatd, epidermide strir/as conspiciias Jongi-
tud'uiales, vix imdatas, exMherite, peritremate alio.
The Guyo Bulimus. Shell pyramidally ovate, umbili-
cated, whorls five iu number, somewhat rounded,
rather ventricose, columella slightly arched; bm'ut
lirown or straw-colom-, encircled by a black band,
epidermis exhibiting conspicuous longitudinal slightly
waved streaks, peritreme white.
I'feiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 252.
Bidiuinx calobapti's, Jonas.
ll(di. Islands of Cuyo and Miudoro, I'liilippines (on the
trees) ; Cuming.
This very pretty species was first described by Pr.
Pfeifl'er, from a single indifferent specimen collected by
Jlr, Cuming at the Island of Cuyo ; others subsequently
arrived from the Island of Mindoro, exceeding the former
so greatly in size and beauty, that theii' identity was not
rocno-nised.
Species -14-. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS FICTILIS. Bul. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, mib-
imibilkatd, anfracUbus seiiis, convexis, cohmielld labro-
qiir hiH; njh'xh ; rufo-castatied, epidermide lacted
(ipNi li, slri(jiix jjiincan longittuUnales irregulares prceter-
uuttruU; j„-ntre„iate albo.
The earthen Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
slightly umbDicated, whorls six in nimiber, convex,
lip and columella widely reflected ; rediUsh chesnut,
covered with au opake cream-colom'cd epidermis,
leaving a few irregular longitudinal streaks, peritreme
white.
BuoDERiP, Pro. Zool. Soc, ISIO.
H(dj. Island of Cuyo, Philippines (nn the leaves of trees);
Cuming.
I much doubt if the BuViiiihh lun-iiliix of Broderip,
(Sowerby, Couch. Illus. f. 117) is distinct from this; it
was described, with some hesitation, from a single speci-
men in rather incUfferent condition, and its specific value
has not been confirmed by the receipt of any specimens
showing more distinctly the characters which it served to
indicate.
Species 45. (Pig. «, b, c. Mus. Ciuning.)
BcLi.Mus Dri'as. Bid. testd elongato-ovatd, crussiusmld,
snbambiUcatd, anfmctibus senis, convexis, aperturd
subcontractd, labro crassiusculo, late reflexo ; ebnrned,
plerumque castaneo vel fmco-nigricante conspicue fas-
ciatd, epiderinidc vix nulld.
The Dry.ys Bulimus. Shell elongately ovate, rather
thick, slightly umbilicated, whorls six in nmnber,
convex, aperture somewhat contracted, lip rather
thick, broadly reflected ; ivory-white, mostly conspi-
cuously banded with chesnut and brownish-black,
with scarcely any epidermis.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840.
Bulimus porraceits. Jay.
Testa juvenis, Bulimus paradoxus, Pfeifl'er.
Ilab. Mansalai, Island of Mindoro, Phdippiucs (in the
woods) ; Cuming.
Of a pecidiarly thickened growth compared with other
species, giving a widely reflected lip to tiie aperture, with
au extremely slight epidermis. The rich dark chesnut
baruls with which it is mostly encircled are deeply stained
iu the shell.
Species 46. (Fig. a, b,
m
Bulimus Sylvanus. Bul. testd elongato-ovatd, subpyra-
midali, arifractibus senis, subventricosis, aperturd sub-
effusd, labro late reflexo ; albidd, castaneo-fusco ple-
rumque latifasciatd, epidermide luted corned, strigas
remotas longitudinales plerumgme ex/iiiente, peritremate
albo, scepe castaneo vel roseo marginato.
The Sylvanus Bulimus. Shell elongately ovate, some-
what pyramidal, whorls six in number, rather ven-
tricose, aperture sUghtly efl'used, lip widely reflected ;
whitish, generally broadly banded with chesnut -brown
and covered with a thin yellow horny epidermis,
frequently exhibiting remote longitudinal streaks,
peritreme white, often edged with rose or chesnut.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840.
Hab. Puerto Portrero, Island of Mindoro ( in the woods) ;
Cuming.
This species, it will be oljserved, is distinguished from
the preceding by its lighter growth, deeper colour, and
more developed epideriuis.
April, 1S4S
Hu/a.'>a.s. Pl.JL
\%
.y
f.i)w»rl)j. A'\ eL lilh
R„« PrnK«n .t K.rv.
BULIMUS.
Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLTMUS APLOMORPHUS. Bill, testd conico-ovati, an-
fractihus seim, convexis, nltii/io mpenie obscure aiigu-
lato, aperturd parviuscnld, lahro fortiter rejkxo ; cas-
taneo-lutescente, zonis rufo-fmcis diiabus cingulatd,
epidermide tenumima, peritremate albo.
The simple-form Bulimus. Shell conically ovate,
wliorls six in number, convex, last whorl obscurely
angled at the lower part, aperture rather small, lip
strongly reflected ; chesnut-yellow, encircled with
two red-brown zones, epidermis vei-y slight, peritreme
white.
Jonas, Pro. Zool. Soc, 18-1-3. p. 189.
Uab. Philippine Islands.
Allied to A. CrKimarnxeim^ but of another form, dift'ering
principally in being more conical and in having a second
thin white hydrophanous epidermis, which, however, in
the specimen figured, is much rubbed away. It was not
collected by Mr. Cuming.
Fig. 19 c and d. (Mus. Cuming).
The shells here represented are without doubt varieties
of the B.pictor described at Plate IV. although so much
smaller in size, and not characterized by the zigzag
shadowed flames depicted in the specimens there figured :
in these the outer hydi-ophanous epidermis is either
arranged in sbghtly waved streaks, or it covers the shell
leaving streaked spaces. Where the varieties chiefly simu-
late is in the livid piu-ple-black colouring of the peritreme.
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus user. Bui. testd subabbreviato-ovatd, tenuiculd,
diaplmnd, anfractibm guatemis, venirieosis, lonffitu-
dinalUer confertim regulariter Uriatis, ultimo apira
magnitudinem valde superante ; pellucido-albd, epider-
mide temii lutescente iiiduid.
The nipple Bulimus. SheU somewhat shortly ovate,
rather thin, diaphanous, whorls four in number, ven-
tricose, longitudinally closely regidarly striated, last
whorl far exceeding the size of the spii'e ; transparent
white, covered by a thiu yellomsh epidermis.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843. p. loo.
Mav
Hab. Island of Guimaras, Philippines, (on the leaves of
trees) ; Cuming.
The spire of this shell is of a peculiarly swollen ma-
millary structiue, whilst the shell is composed of no more
than four whorls ; it is of a semitransparent diaphanous
textiu:e with oidy a veiy simple shining epidermis.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus .Igle. Bid. testd oblongo-ovatd, vix pyramidali,
(uifractibus guinis, convexis, obligue creberrinie striatis,
uIUmo subefuso, infenie obscure obtuso-carinato ; fulvd,
ba«i indistinct^ fasciatd, suturis subtiVmivie albilineatis,
peritremate conspicue castaneo-fiisco.
The ^Egle Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, scarcely
pyramidal, whorls five in number, convex, obliquely
very closely striated, last whorl somewhat eft'used,
obscurely obtusely angled round the lower part ;
fidvous, indistinctly banded at the base, sutures
marked with a very fine white line, peritreme con-
spicuously stained with chesnut-brown.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840. p. 181.
Hab. Casan, Province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao,
Philippines (in a dense forest on the leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
Peculiar in form but of a dull fulvous hue, not distin-
guished by any ornamental epidermis, nor of an aspect at
all complimentary to the fair nymph to wliom it is drdi-
cated.
Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus leucoph.eus. Bui. testd subpyramidali-ovata,
crassimculd, plus minus ventricosd, aiifraciibus senis,
convexis, columelld rectd, aperturd subcontractd, labro
refiexo ; castaneo-fuscd, epidermide Uucoplued, scepe
albifiamniatd, infenie fascia angustd vel lined nigricante
cingulatd, interdum zona, infra snturas, albidd, kic illic
peculiariter abrasd, columelld et apertura finice cif-
rdescente-albis, peritremate castaneo-uigricaide mar-
giiiato.
The russet-grey Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyrami-
dally ovate, rather thick, more or less ventricose,
whorls six in number, convex, columella straight,
aperture slightly contracted, lip reflected ; chesnut-
brown, covered with a russet-grey epidermis, often
1848.
BULDIUS.— Plate X.
flamed with white, encircled round the lower part
Hith a dark line or narrow band, sometimes with a
white band beneath the sutures pecidiarly abraded
here aud there, columella and interior of the aperture
bluish white, peritreme edged with chesnut-black.
llelijr leiwap/taa, Sowerby, Fro. Zool. Soc, 1841. p. 19.
f{ai. Dolores, Province of Panipanga, and Mountains of
Igarrotes, Province of Cagayan, Island of Luzon,
Philippines (on the trees) ; Ciuning.
There is a singular peculiarity attending this species in
the manner in which the epidermis, especially on the
l)and which is sometimes seen beneath the sutui-es, is
abraded, denuding the shell in patches.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ik'LiMCs LE0P.4.RDUS. Bul. testct mbabbreviato-ovald,
venlricosd, anfractibm quinis, convexis, longitwdinaUter
rreierrime costidato-itriatk, ultimo splree longitudinem
Huperante, columella arcuatd, aperturd amplis&imd;
Ittteo-castaned, epidemiide albidd sparsd, sub alternd
tetiui corned, variegatd, peritremate purpureo-cmtaneo.
The leopard Bdlimus. Shell somewhat shortly ovate,
ventricose, whorls five in number, convex, very
closely sculptured longitudinally with fine rib-like
strise, last whorl exceeding the length of the spire,
columella aj'ched, aperture very large; yellowish-
chesnut, variegated with a scattered whitish epider-
mis upon a thin horny one, peritreme purple-chesnut.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184.5, p. 67.
Hnb. Island of Mindoro, Philippines.
This remarkable species, of which Mr. Cuming has only
the single specimen here represented, is distinguished from
all others by the effused and suddenly enlarged develop-
ment of the last whorl. It is also characterized by a
regidar succession of longitudinal rib-like strise of a more
defined growth than the ordinary lines of structure, which
in a genus so devoid of sculpture is an important feature.
The name is suggested by the scattered interrupted
stripes in which the outer hydrophanous epidermis is de-
posited. The columella, it should be observed, has a
pinky hue, and the impress of the striae imparts a delicate
satinv irridescence to the interior of the shell.
Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS CONCINNHS. Bul. testd pyramidali-oblongd, an-
fractibm setiis plano-convexis, aperturd contractd, labro
rejlexo ; castaneo-fuscd, epidermide coiicinne albido-
marmoratd et fiammatd, columelld et apertura fauce
ceerulescente-albi3, peritremate nigricante-castaneo
The pretty Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, whorls
six in number, flatly convex, aperture contracted, lip
reflected ; chesnut-brown, epidermis' prettily flamed
and marbled with white, columella and interior of the
aperture bluish white, peritreme dark chesnut.
Helix concimia, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1841, p. 20.
Hab. St. Juan, Pro\-ince of Cagayan, Island of Luzon,
Philippines (on the leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
I much doubt whether this is anything more than a
variety of the B. leucophaa ; it is, however, a well-marked
and extremely pretty one.
/////.-,/„.., PI XI
53
^
0
B U L I M U S .
Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS INCOMPTUS. Bid. festd ()Mo)i(jo-ovrdu, obtmo-
pyramidali, aufractibus quinis, rDlidnhith, colmnelld
redd, labro vix refiexo ; hilrxicufr-liniinied, zomdd
nigricmUe-fuscd cingulatd, vjiiilirmith' li-mti iiidutd.
The unadorned Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate, obtusely
pyramidal, whorls five in number, rounded, colimiella
straight, lip but slightly rcflexed ; yellowish brown,
eucii'cled by a narrow blackish brown zone, covered
by a thin epidermis.
Helix inconqda, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840.
Hob. Island of Tablas, Philippines.
Only a single specimen of this species was collected,
and it has very much the appearance of being an abortive
growth of one subsequently named by Mr. Sowerby, Helix
acuiiiiuata (Sp. 60) ; they ai'e identical in colour and
pattern, but vary materially in form.
Species 5-i. (Pig. a and h. Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus Partuloides. Bui. testa pyramidali, spird
aouuinatd, anfractibus qninis, convexis, aperturd par-
viuscidd, subquadrato-ovali, labro latissime reflexo ; al-
bidd, zonuld castaneo-nigricante cingulatd, epidermide
luted indutd, interdum onmino hileuse castaned, peritre-
vmte albo.
The Paetula-like Bulimus. Shell pyramidal, spire
acmninated, whorls live in number, convex, aperture
rather small, somewhat square-ovate, lip veiy broadly
reflected; whitish, encircled by a narrow chesnut
black zone, covered by a yellow epidermis, sometimes
dark chesnut throughout, peritreme white.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 181.
Hub. Island of Tablas, Philippines (on the leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
This is the nearest approach to Parlnla of any species
of the genus, the aperture having the same square-like
form and widely reflexed lip.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Luzon icus. Bui. testd subelongato-omtd, apice
obtusd, anfractibus seiiis, convexis, colmnelld iutortd,
aperturd si(bconiractd, labro reflexo; eburned, zonuld
angustd uigricante cou-spicue cingulatd.
The Luzon Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongately ovate,
obtuse at the apex, whorls six in nimiber, convex,
cohmiella twisted, aperture somewhat conti-acted, lip
reflexed ; ivoiy white, conspicuously encircled by a
narrow black zone.
ffab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (on the trees) ;
Cuming.
I have always considered this shell to represent a species
distinct from B. ovoideus, and propose to re-establish Mr.
Sowerby's name, although he himself abandoned it upon
the grounds of its relationship. It is of a more elongately
oljlong form, is composed of a whorl more, and the narrow
black zone with which it is encircled never varies. These
characters may be regarded as of trifling importance, but
they are constant. In a parcel of upwards of a hundi-ed
of each species which came into my possession some time
since, there was no variation or the least tendency to
merge one into the other. The name is rather an inap-
propriate one, for Mr. Cuming did not collect a single
species at Luzon; there is, however, no reason why it
might not become naturalized in that island.
Species 56. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus ovoideus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, subven-
tricosd, apice obtusd, anfractibus quink, convexis, colu-
mella vix intortd, labro reflexo ; alba, fasciis diiabus
tribusve latimculk aurantio- vel castaneo-fusds cingu-
latd, epidermide temcissimd.
The ovoid Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate, rather ven-
tricose, obtuse at the apex, whorls five in number,
convex, columella scarcely twisted, lip reflected;
white, encircled with two or three rather broad
orange-brown or chesnut bands, epidermis very thin.
Bruguiere, Enc. Meth. Diet., No. 64.
Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (on the
trees); Cuming.
Distinguished by its oval ventricose growth and broad
spii-al bands of colour.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
JuLlMUS VELATUS. Bill, testd oblongd, sub-PupcBformi,
anfractibus seuis, subrotundis, aperturd parviusculd,
labro simplici ; lutescente-albd, zonula rufo-fuscescente
Mav, 1848.
BULIMUS.— I'LATt XL
ciiiffulatd, epidermide tenui, aUicante, strigas lonyltu-
dinales subindistincte pratermittente, peritremate rufo-
fusco.
The clothed Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat Pupa-
sliaped, whorls six iii number, subrotund, aperture
rather small, lip simple; yellowish white, encircled
with a narrow red-brown zone, epidermis thin, whitish,
leaving somewhat indistinctly longitudinal streaks,
peritreme red-brown.
Kroderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1811, p. 1.5.
Hah. Island of Camote, Philippines (on the leaves of
trees); Cuming.
Of this species Mr. Cuming only collected tliree speci-
mens, and these appear to be of somewhat immature
growth. It is not distinguished by any marked pecu-
liarity of character.
Fig. 58. (Mus. Cuming.)
This shell was namgd in Mx. Cuming's collection B. ne-
bulosm, but as I am doubtfid of its being a variety of the
B. calMa, it may for the present be referred to that species.
For Sp. .58, see'pi. XIIT.
Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pyramidalis. Bui. tedd, oblongo-pyramidaU,
apice obtusd, anfractihm aenis, aubrotundis, aperturd
parmmculd, labro simplici ; fulvd, basin versus sutu-
rkque nigricante-castaned, epidermide tenui indidd,
columelld alba, peritremate fusco.
The pyramidal Bulimus. Shell oblong-pyramidal,
obtuse at the apex, whorls six in number, somewhat
round, aperture rather small, lip simple ; yellowish,
blackish chesnut towards the base and in the sutures,
covered with a thin epidermis, columella white, peri-
treme brown.
Eelix pyramidalia, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1841, p. 39.
Eab. Island of Cuyo, Philippines (upon the leaves of
trees); Cuming.
The colour of this shell is a dark burnt browTi, \vith
traces of a light puckered e|)idcrmis beneath the sutui-es.
It may be readily distinguished by this and its pjTamidal
growth.
Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus acuminatus. Bui. testa subpyramidali-ovatd,
apice acuminata, anfi-aclibus guitiis, coiivexis, ultimo
obscure subanguluto, lahro tenui, vix rejlexo ; lutescente-
brunned, zonuld casianed cingulatd, epidermide tenui
induld, columelld alba, peritremate rufo-fusco.
The acuminated Bulimus. SheU somewhat pyrami-
dally ovate, spire acuminated, whorls five in number,
convex, the last obscm-ely slightly angled, lip thin,
but slightly reflected ; yellowish-brown, encircled by a
narrow chesnut zone, covered with a thin epidermis,
columella white, peritreme red-brown.
IMij: acuminata, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1841, p. 3'J.
Hub. Island of Cuyo, Philippines (upon the leaves of
trees); Cuming.
Of a pecidiar yeUowish-brown colour encii'cled by a
narrow zone of red-brown and stained with very dark
chesnut round the columella. It differs from B. incomptus
oidy in form, its general aspect and colouring are the
same.
J!ul/mii6- F/. XI/.
zm\
"%
A
B U L I M U S
Species 61. (Mws. Cuming.)
BULIMUS CuMINGII. B/d. iedd ovatd, spird suboUusu,
anfractibus qidnqne, oblique tenuis! riatis, ultimo hiferni
indistincte obtuse angulato, colmnelld plana, intortd;
pellitcido-albd, nitidd, basin versus virescente, lined
castaned conspicud infra suturas circumdatd, coltimelld
purpnreo-fuscd, peritremate alio.
Cuming's Bulimus. Shell ovate, spire rather obtuse,
whorls iive in number, finely obliquely striated, the
last indistinctly obtusely angled round the lower pai-t,
columella flat, twisted ; transparent white, shining,
greenish towards the base, smTouuded by a conspi-
cuous chesnut Une beneath the sutures, columella
purple-brown, peritreme white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18-12, p. 88.
Hub. Island of Camigning, Philippines (on leaves of trees) ;
Cuming.
A transparent shining opal-like shell, peculiarly charac-
terized by a dark chesnut line running beneath the sutures.
Species 63. (Mus. Cmning.)
BuLlllus VERECUNDUS. Bul. testd ovatd, tenuiculd, ven-
tricosd, anfractibus quinque, convexis, tumidis, colu-
melld redd, labro tenui, vix reflexo ; alba, fasciis
carneo-fuscescentibus latis interrnptis cingulatd, peri-
tremate carneo-fuscescente.
The modest Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thin, ven-
tricose, whorls five in number, convex, swollen,
columella straight, lip thin, very sUghtly reflected;
white, encircled by broad interrupted Ught flesh-
brown bands, peritreme flesh-brown.
Helix modesta, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1841, p. 39.
Ilab. Catanauan, Province of Tayabas, Island of Luzon (on
the leaves of trees) ; Cuming.
The adoption of tliis delicate species under the type of
Bulimus imposes the necessity of substituting a new speci-
fic name, that of viodestns being already occupied.
Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus simplex. Bul. testd ovato-conoided, anfractibus
quinque, convexis, colnmelld subintortd, labro subeffuso,
reflexo; albd, basin versus viridescente, epidermide
tenui, corned.
The simple Bulimus. Shell ovatdy conoid, whorls five
in number, convex, columella slightly twisted, lip
somewhat effused, reflected ; white, gi-eenish towards
the base, with a very thin horny epidermis.
Jonas, Pro, Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 189.
Hah. Island of Mindoro, Philippines.
The green colouring of this species seems to reside in
great measure in its thin horny epidermis.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus effusus. Bul. testd ovatd, basin versus veutri-
cosd, effusd, anfractibus quinque, convexis, columelld
vix arcuatd, labro sublate reflexo ; albd, nitidd, zonulis
duabus castaneis conspicue cingulatd, epidermide tenui
corned lutesceyite hiferne indidd.
The effused Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose and
eflused towards the base, whorls five in number,
convex, columella scarcely arched, lip somewhat
broadly reflected; white, shining, sometimes con-
spicuously encii'cled with two narrow chesnut zones,
covered at the lower part with a thin yellowish
homy epidermis.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 152.
Hab. Island of Tablas, Philippines (on the leaves of
trees) ; Cuming.
Tliis shell approaches rather to the Helix decipiens in
form and general aspect than to the B. Cumingii, with
which Dr. Pfeiffer compares it, and might be referred to
that genus with almost equal propriety.
Species 65. (Mus. Cumiiig.)
Bulimus breviculus. Bul. testd crassiusculd, pecuVrn-
riter abbreviato-pijramidali, apice obttisd, anfractibus
sex, angustis, aperturd parvd, labro sublate reflexo;
albd, epidermide luteo-fuscescente.
The shortened Bulimus. Shell rather thick, peculiarly
abbreviately pyramidal, obtuse at the apex, whorls
six in number, nan-ow, aperture small. Up rather
widely reflected ; white, epidermis yellowish brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 88.
Hub. Island of Roiubloii, Philippines (on bushes) ; Cimjing.
May, 1848.
BULIMl'S.— Plate XII.
The shell is not in vcrj- good condition and only a vestige
of the cpidennis remains near the aperture.
Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius Leai. Bui. testa oeato-conoidea, solidiuicula,
yiird subobtusd, anfractibws quinque, rotundalk, colu-
metld sub-pland, labro reflexo ; alba, epidermide ienui
atramined indutd.
Lea's Bulimis. Shell ovately conoid, rather solid, spire
somewhat obtuse, whorls five in number, rounded,
columella rather flattened, lip reflected; wliite,
covered with a thin straw-coloured epidermis.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 29.
Uab. Philippine Islands.
A shell of simple character though not exactly agreeing
with any other species.
Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.)
BlLlMi's STABILIS. Bui. teUd ci/Undraceo-ovatd, eras-
siuiculd, basi tffusd, anfractHus sex, plano-convexis,
angustis, aperlurd obliqud, lain fortiter reflexo ; alba,
aiifractuum parte infcriori interne, uslulato-caslaned,
perUremate albo.
The firm Bulimls. Shell cylindrically ovate, ratlicr
thick, efi'used at the base, whorls six in number, flatly
convex, narrow, aperture oblique, lip strongly re-
flected ; white, lower part of the whorls deep burnt
chesnut, pcritremc white,
lM\x stahilU, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1840, p. lOt.
Uab. Isle of Temple, Philippines ; Cuming.
A solid Pupiform shell, approximating in some degree
lo the B. ocoideus but of more solid structure and very
peculiar in its style of colouring.
Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bl'Ll.MUS liULLULA. Bul. testd ovato'conoided, anfracli-
biis quatuor, convexk, aperlurd subeffusd, labro vlx re-
Jlexo ; cterulescente-attd dhphand, autjlavwante, apice
patlide rubido.
The little bubble Bulimxjs. Shell ovately conoid,
whorls four in number, convex, aperture somewhat
efi'used, lip slightly reflected; transparent bluish
white or yellowish, pale ruddy colour at the apex.
linoDERiP, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 159.
Ilab. Pu(;rto Galero, Island of Miniloro, Philippines;
Cuming.
A most delicately coloured species of a tr
white tinged with red at the apex.
sparent opal
Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus dilatatus. Bnl. testd crassiusculd, abbreviato-
pyramidali, sudventricosd, a>ifractibus sex, angiistls, co-
lumella plano-dilatatd, apeiiurd parvluscidd ; nigri-
caute-purpured, apicem versus ntfesceute, epidemiide
fused, hydropkand, columella et aperturm fauce aliis,
peritremate nigricante-purpureo margmato.
The dilated Bulimus. Shell rather thick, abbreviately
pyramidal, somewhat ventricose, whorls six in
number, narrow, columella flatly dilated, aperture
rather small ; blackish-purple, reddish towards the
apex, with a brown hydrophanous epidermis, colu-
mella and interior white, peritrcrae edged with
))urple-black.
Pfeifker, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1S4G, p. 42.
A solid contracted pyramidal shell approaching some-
what in fonn to the B. leucopluea ; and the hych-ophanous
epidermis, of which this specimen exhibits the remains,
appears to be abraded in patches beneatli the sutures as in
that species.
Singularly allied in form to the B. dilalatns, which is of
a dark purpk-brown colour, but somew liat less ventricose.
4
lUilinius F/. A' III
st-
^
^
^
^
-^J
i
BULIMUS.
Species 58. (Miis. Cuming.)
BuLIMUS ZONULATUS. Bui. testa coidco-oblongd, tenui,
umbilicatd, anfractihm coiivexis, /(Pviiiis, labro colu-
mellari reflexo, umiiliciim fere occuUante, externa sim-
plici ; palliie opaco-stramined, macularumpellucidarum
seriebna duahus cinctd, anfractu, ultimo zonula duabm
caslaiiels oniato.
The finely zoned Bulimus. Shell conically oblong,
thin, umbilicated, whorls convex, smooth, columellar
lip reflected so as almost to conceal the umbilicus,
outer lip simple ; pale opake straw-colour, encircled
by two rows of transparent spots, last whorl orna-
mented with two naiTow chesnut zones.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 41.
Iffib. Cabanatuan, Province of Nueva Eaja, Island of
Luzon ; Cuming.
There is a very singular character attending this species ;
the shell is of a thin transparent horny substance, covered
by au opake straw-coloured layer except in those places
by whicli the pattern is produced, the spots have thus an
appearance, so to speak, of little windows in the shell.
very pellucid, sliglitly umbilicated, whorls five in
number, smooth or transversely and longitudinally
minutely striated, lip simple ; pale horny yellow.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 31.
Hab. King's and Saboga Islands, Panama (upon the
trees) ; Cuming.
Of a beautiful transparent glassy structure, through
which the internal winding of the columella may be plainly
seen. It is very similar in form to the B. Fanatnensis,
and is from tlie same locaUtv-
Species 70. (ilus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Panamensis. Bid. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui,
vix umiilicaid, anfractiius quiuqu^ convexis, leevibus,
nperturd parvinsculd, labro .siuiplici ; palUdi fulvd,
diaphand.
The Panama Bulimus. Shell olilong-ovate, thin, slightly
umbilicated, whorls five in number, smooth, aperture
rather small, lip simple ; pale fidvous colour, dia-
phanous.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 105.
Hnh. King's and Saboga Islands, Bay of Panama (on the
tnmks of large trees) ; Cuming.
The form of tliis shell is extremely simple, and its
colour a semi-transparent nankeen.
Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus translucens. Bui. testd oblon go-ova td, tenui,
vatde pellucidd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus quinque,
subventricosis, lesvibus aut transversim et longitudina-
liter minute striatis, labro simplici ; corneo-lutesceiite.
The transparent Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin,
I Species 72. (Mus. Cimiing.)
Bulimus evanescens. Bui. testd subabbreviato-pyrami-
j dali, apice obtusd, anfractibus quinque, couvexis, Icevi-
bus, nitidimculis, aperturd parviusculd, labro reflexo ;
vircscente-albd, subdiaphand, lined nigra infra suturas,
parte circa columellam conspicue nigrd.
1 The evanescent Bulimus. SheU somewhat abbreviately
pyramidal, obtuse at the apex, whorls five in number,
[ convex, smooth, rather shining, aperture somewhat
[ small, lip reflected : gi'cenish white, subdiaphanous,
with a black line beneath the sutures, and the part
; around the columella conspicuously black.
Pfeiffer, (iuedit?).
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
I A delicate semi-transparent shell easily recognised by
llie black line between the sutm'es, and broader band
around the columella.
Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Adamsii. Bui. testd ovato-turritd, siniitrali,
nnfractibits convexis, lavibus, aperturd parviusculd,
labro refexo ; virescente aut luted, maculis irregulari-
hus siihqiiadrntis. nigricnnte-viridibus medio confertim
iiiii!<i-ri(ifi„i i-iiictd, i/iterduM imiuaculatd, parte circa
cohniirlhiu,
piirjii
Adams' Bulimus. Shell ovately turreted, sinistral, whorls
convex, smooth, aperture rather small, lip reflected ;
greenish or yellow, encircled round the middle with
a row of close-set irregular somewhat square blackish
greeu spots, sometimes unspotted, the part around
the columella purple-rose.
Ilab. Eastern Coast of Borneo (on a tall tree in an islet
between Banguey and Balambangan) ; Adams.
June, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XIII.
An interesting new species discovered by Mr. .\rthur
Adams, at the above mentioned locality, during the recent
e.\pedition of H.M.S. Samarang. " A tree, parti;dly cut
through at the base with axes," says the author of the
valuable summary of Natural History attached to the
Narrative of that Voyage, " feU upon one of the carpenters
wooding on the island, depriving liira at the time of sen-
sation. What proved a misfortune to the man, however,
presented to science a new and beautiful species of BiiU-
mus, which I discovered in considerable numbers and
variety adhering to the prostrate tree." All the specimens
were reversed, of a yeUovv or yellowish green colour,
stained with purple rose about the columella, and mostly
encircled round the middle by a chain of square greenish
spots.
Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.)
EcLlMUS EBUKNEUS. But. (esld pi/ra»iidali-oMoHffd, an-
fractibus sex, rolundalm, lacibus^poUtis, labro reflexo ;
eburned, epidermide tenuissimd stramined partim indutd.
The ivory Eulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, whorls
six in number, rounded, smooth, polished, lip re-
flected ; ivory white, partially covered with a very
slight straw-coloured epidermis.
Diuna var., Broderiij
Hab.
Ml-. Broderip has, I think crroneotisly, consitlcreil this
shell a variety of B. Diana ; in form it difl'ers in tiic
whorls being more rounded, whilst it is of thinner texture
and of a pure diaphanous white, the surface being charac-
terized bv an extreuu-iv delicate natural polish.
Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLl.MUS £RYTUllosTOM.\. Bul. Ic'sti subgluboso-ovuld,
umbilkatd, arifractibus qitinque rotundatk, concentrice
rttde striaiis, columella snblati reftexd, labro nimplici ;
opaco-atbd, cohaneUd apice d appHnr/e fauce roseis.
The KED-.MonTii 15uumus. Sliell somewhat globosely
ovate, umbilicatcd, whorls five in number, rounded,
concentrically rudely striated, columella rather widely
reflected, lip simple ; opake-white, columella, apex,
and interior of the aperture rose-pink.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833. p. 37.
Hnb. Huaseo, Chili (under liushes) ; Cuming.
Of a peculiar M
apex, and ap<a-tur(
rlhi,
rose-pink.
HuJJtmiM H nV
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#
')
m
B U L I J\I U S
Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS Panayexsis. Bui. tedd elongaio-titrritd, Imi-
gatd, pelhicidd, apice ohtusd, anfradibus octo, uperiurd
minima, lahro simpUci ; cereo-albidd.
The Panay Bclimus. Shell elongately turreted, smooth,
pellucid, obtuse at the apex, whorls eight in number,
aperture very small, lip simple ; waxen white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 33.
Hab. Dingle, Isle of Panay, Philippines ; Cuming.
This is the smallest species collected by i\Ir. Cuming at
the Philippines, it is of an elongately turreted form and
of a hvaline waxen white.
Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLIMUS RHOD ACME. Bill, testd ohlonyo-ovatd, imibilicatd,
anfractibm sex, minute autem conspicue striatis, siriis
transverm mbobmletis minutissime decnssato-granula-
fis, labro simplici ; opaco-albidd, macidiH flaiiimuHi<qii(>
roseis subpellucidis versus apicetii.
The red-tipped Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, um-
bilicated, whorls sLx in number, minutely but con-
spicuously striated, and very minutely decussated
with somewhat obsolete transverse stria;, lip simple ;
opake-white, with semitransparent rose-tinted spots
and ilames towards the apex.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 187.
Hab. Frierina, Huasco, Chili (under .small Cacti) ;
Bridges.
A delicate species of a seemingly transparent texture,
enveloped, save about the apex, with an opake-white
coating.
Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus micra. But. testd subelongatd, vix itmbilicatd,
semipellucidd, anfractihus subrotundatis, creberrime
coHcentrice striatis, spira suturis peculiariter impressis,
aperturd pared, labro simplici ; corneo-albidd.
The small Bulimus. Shell rather elongated, slightly
umbOicated, semipellucid, whorls somewhat rounded,
very closely concentricSUy striated, sutures of the
spire peculiarly impressed, apertm-e small, lip simple ;
horny white.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. me'rid. Moll. p. 262. pi. 41.
f. 18 to 20.
Hah. Eastern side of the Bolivian Andes, near Santa Cruz
(under stones), D'Orbigny ; near Chilon, Bolivia (on
the dead trunks of Cacti) ; Bridges.
A very small semitransparent shell, thickly sculptured
with rude concentric striae.
Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus terebralis. Bui. testd elongatd, subcylitidra-
ced, late auguluto-umbilicatd, spins suturis impressis,
oiifradibus decern ad undecem. platio-co/ivexis, oMiqui
crcbrit corriigato-striati>i, coliiiiieUd snbcoiicaoo-effiisd,
upertnrd uiiiiinid, pcritrehiate ddatato ; fuscescente-
alhd, apiceni versus nhjricaiitc.
The augur-like Bulimus. Shell elongated, somewhat
cylindrical, broacUy angidarly umbilicated, sutm-es
of the spire impressed, whorls ten to eleven in
number, flatly convex, obliquely closely striated in
a wrinkled manner, columella concavely effused,
aperture very small, peritreme dilated ; brownish-
white, blackish towards the apex.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 187.
Hab. Coquinibo, Chili (on rocks and plants near the sea) ;
Bridges.
Distinguished from the B. Piipifonuis to which it is
most nearly albed, by its obli(juely corrugated stria% widely
angulated umbdicus, and neat dilated apertm-e.
Species SO. (;\Ius. Cuming.)
Bulimus elongatulus. Bui. testd elongatd, aufracltbus
octo, latiusculis, plano-conve.xis, sub epidermide tenuis-
sime et creberrime striatis, aperturd pared, superne
suhcoiitractd, labro simplici ; stramiueo-albidd, sub-
pellucidd.
The elongated Bulimus. Shell elongated, whorls eight
in number, rather broad, flatly convex, very finely
and closely striated, aperture small, somewhat con-
tracted towards the upper part; pale straw-colour,
semitransparent.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 43.
Hab. Catanaun, Province of Bale, Island of Luzon, Phi-
lippines (at the roots of trees) ; Cuming.
The whorls of this species are each slightly contracted
round the upper part.
1S48.
BLLIMl'S.— Plate \1V.
Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.)
BiLiMis Grateloipi. Bui. testa elongato-ovatd, temd,
pellucidd, aufractibui sex ad septem, lavibiis, nitidis,
aid concentrice subtilmimi striatis, columeUd njkxa,
hltro simplici, arcualo, superne siiiualo ; comeo-
slramiiied.
Grateloup's Bllimcs. Shell elongatcly ovate, thin,
pellucid, whorls six to seven iu number, smooth,
shining, or concentrically verj' finely striated, columella
reflected, lip simple, curved, siuuated at the upper
part ; horny straw-colour.
Pkeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 42.
Hab. Islands of Luzon and Panay, Philippines (at the
roots of trees) ; Cuming.
A transparent horny shell verj- finely marked throughout
with concentric stria; of growth, resulting from the curved
structure of the lip.
Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.)
IkLlMUS cociiLEADEs. Bul. testd elongatd, (w/nidif/iis
iiovem, latiuiculk, lavibm, cotivexis, aperlurd partu,
superne coiitractd, labro nimplici ; albidd.
The spoon-like Bulimus. Shell elongated, whorls nine
in niunber, rather broad, smooth, convex, aperture
small, slightly contracted at the upper part, lip
simple ; whitish.
Hab. Island of Cuyo, Philippines ; Cuming.
This singular species, it may be observed, is represented
of the natural size, whilst the rest of the plate are all
more or less magnified. Mr. Cuming only collected this
solitary specimen, which is quite unapprnaeliid by any
other. It is of extremejv simple structure.
Species 83. (.Mus. Cuming.)
iili.l.MLS LicuENORUM. BuL Ifda obioiuju-turritd, um-
hilicatd, aufractibus septem, mtbrolundalis, Ifcvibus ant
leiiuidrialis, columeUd ri-fiexd, aperlurd panhmcnld,
labro mnplicl ; ccendescente-albd, Htriijis jicrimiici.t
ciuereii obliquis, apice tiiyricatile.
TiiK LICHEN Bulimus. Shell oblong-turr( ted, wiiurls
seven in number, somewhat rounded, smooth or finely
striated, columella reflected, aperture rather small,
lip simple; bluish-white, with a few obliciue a-!iy
streaks, apex blackish.
U'Orbigny, Voyage dans TAmer. mend. Moll. p. 264.
pl.41. f. 9 to 11.
Hab. Cobija (on lichens); D'Orbigny. Chilou, Bolivia
(under ilcad trunks of Cadi) ; Bridges.
It is not without some doubt that I venture to refer
this shell to the above named species of D'Orbigny ; yet
it accords sufficiently with his description and figure.
Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus scauiosus. Bul. testd elongato-obloiigd, anfrac-
tibus septem, couvexis, pecidiariter interrupte sulcatis
et slriatis, columeUd rejlexd, aperturd parvd, lahro
umplici ; albidd, rvfo-fuscesceide strigatd et marmo-
ratd, apicem versus nigricante.
The scurvy Bulimus. Shell elongatcly oblong, whoris
seven in number, convex, peculiarly grooved and
striated in an interrupted manner, columella reflected,
aperture small, lij) simple ; whitish, streaked and
marked with light reddish-brown, blackish towards
the apex.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 74.
Hab. (jobija, Peru (imder stones) ; Cuming.
Mainly distinguished by a roughened peculiarity of
sculpture which appears to have suggested the above name
to Mr. Sowerby, though no mention is made of it in Ids
description.
Species 85. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Pupiformis. Bul. testd cijliridraceo-elongatd,
anfradibus decern, convexis, l^avibm aut tenuistriatis,
ad suturas minute crenuktis, colmmlld rejlexd, aperturd
parvd, labro simplici, subdilatato ; dnereo-attidd,
apicem versus nigricante.
The Pupa-shaped Bulimus. Slull eyliiulncally elonga-
ted, whorls ten in number, convex, smooth or finely
striated, minutely crenulated at the sutures, columella
reflected, aperture small, lip simple, slightly dilated ;
ashy white, blackish towards the apex.
Brodekip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 105.
Hab. lluasco, (;hili (under stones in .shady places) ;
Cuming.
It is important to ol)scr\e the minute sutural erenula-
tions which eharaeterize this species, as Mr. Brodcrip
appears to have overlooked them.
/»'/////////.v yy jr
A
n
-'< m
B U L I ]\I U S
I'LA
Species 86. (Fig. n, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius Tup.icn. Bui. testa, oblongo- vel elongato-ovnlii,
suhmnbilicatu, nenincosd, anfradibus septem, coi/irii-
trici furlitrr <-/ In-fijiihintiT striatis, per margineni,
superiurr,,, j,t/'s ,,11,/iisrr <ri-imtis, lain vix reflexo ;
olimceu-linmni'd, mhrdidii qii'mquefasciatd, ram favi-
caiite, colmiidld labroque albis,
Tup.ic's BuLiMUS. Sliell oblong or elongately ovate,
slightly umbilicated, ventricose, whorls seven iu
number, concentrically strongly and ii-regularly stri
ated, more or less crenated along the upper margin,
lip scarcely rclliiliil ; iili\i-l>ro\vn, sometimes five-
banded, rarely |i.ili \illnu, lip and columella white.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans lAiii.r. .M,Tid. p. 292. pi. 38. f. 1
to 5.
Ilab. rroviuccs of Yungas, Sicasiea, and Ayupaya, Bolivia
(found on garden walls and on bushes at an elevation
of more than 9000 feet); D'Orbigny, Bridges.
The growth of this species varies, as represented by the
specimens figured, from a swollen oblong shape to a more
elongated form. Sometimes the shell is banded, and it is
always more or less crenulated along the margin next the
sutures. The colour is mostly a duU livid olive brown,
but the specimen Fig. c, collected by Jlr. Bridges, is a
pale yellow.
species 87. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cim:ing.)
BuLiMus KOSACEUS. £id. testd oblongo-ovatd,
Id, veidricosd, striata out sub lente mimUissime granu-
lata, spird obtuso-depressd, anfractibus qumgue, per
marginetii superiorem plus minusve creiiulatis, labro
laiiusculo, rejlexo ; olivaceo-viridi, apicetn versus ro-
saced, epidermide temiissimd sape marmoratd, columella
labroque albidis, biterdum rosaceo-aurantiis.
The bose-coloured Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate, rather
thick, ventricose, striated or very minutely granulated
under the lens, spire obtusely depressed, whorls fi\e
in number, more or less crenulated along the upper
margin, lip rather broad, reflected ; olive-green, rose-
coloured towards the apex, frequently marbled with
a very light epidermis ; lip and columella white,
sometimes rose-orange.
King, Zool. Jom-n. vol. v. p. 341.
Yarielates.
Biilihius Clii/ensis, Brodcrip (not of Lesson).
Bidiiiius pachgclmlus, Pfeifter.
IM. Ciidi (under stones and in the sand); King,
Cuming, D'Orbigny. B()li\aa (under trunks of trees) :
Bridffcs.
The B. rosaceus inhabits a wide range of country and is
found in very different states. The variety Fig. a, which
may be regarded as the typical form, inhabits the environs
of Valparaiso ; that represented at Fig. b, distinguished
by its rude concentric striae, strong creimlations, and warm
orange colom'ing of the lip and interior, was collected iu
great plenty and with little or no variation at Huasco,
Chili ; and at Cocapata, Bolivia, a variety of stiU larger
size occiu-s of thin light growth with scarcely any indication
of crenulations or striae. At Huasco, the species was
also eoUeeted by Mr. Bridges in a state quite distinct from
these, of much smaller dimensions, paler in colour, and
of a minutely granulated satiny hue. This is the B.
pachgcJieilus of Pfeiffer, and apparently the shell from
Bahia Blanca taken by D'Orbigny for the B. nudeus with
wliich he does not seem to be acquainted. Another con-
dition of the B. rosaceus is that of similar size from Co-
quimbo, described by Mr. Sowerby as a distinct species
under the name B. Ckileitsis. It should be observed that
the eggs of these smaller species are of a more oblong
form than those of the first mentioned.
Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus phasianellus. Bid. ublongo-omtd, crassms-
culd, anfractibus quinque, ventricosis, leoiter striatis,
per marginem superiorem in anfractu ultimo et penul-
timo cremdatis, columelld subintortd, labro incrassato,
reflexo ; violascente-grised, maeulis transversis parvis
i/iimerosis irregularibus violaceo-fimcescentibus pictd,
columelld labroque intense violaceis.
The pheasant-marked Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather thick, whorls five in number, ventricose, slightly
striated, crenulated along the upper margin in the
last and penultimate whorls, colmnella a little twisted,
Lip thickened, reflected ; violet-grey, painted with
numerous irregular small transverse blotches of
violet-brown, lip and columella deep violet.
BULIMUS.-Plate XV.
Valexciexnes, lluuiboldt, Zool. v. ii. p. 21 1. pi. 55. f. -t.
Buliiiius iontoma, Sowerby.
Hab. Chili and Peru (on trees) ; Cuming.
At the Isle of Plata Jlr. Cuming found this beautiful
and well known species in sueh abundance upon trees
stripped of their leaves, that they looked as if laden with
fruit. The animal yields a rich purple juice.
Species 89. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cumiug.)
IkLlMls POKPHYUIUS. Bill, testu stibdongato-ovald,
spirit acumbiala, anfractibits sex, concentrici rude el
irregulariler elevato-slrialis, per marginem snperwrem
hie illic miiiiile crenulaim ; fumeo-fuscd, striis conceu-
Iricis hie illic albis.
TUE POKPHYEY BuLIMCS. Shell souiewhat elongately
ovate, spire acuminated, whorls six in number, con-
centrically, rudely, and irregidarly elevately striated,
and minutely crenulated here and there along the
upper margin ; smoky brown, concentric strijc liei'c
and there white.
Pfeiffek, Zool. Pro. Soc. 18 tG. p. \l\
Uab. ?
The growth of this shell not being completed, it is im-
possible to say whether the lip would remain simple or be
reflected at matm-ity. It is a very characteristic species and
cannot easily be confounded with any other ; the white
ridge-likc stria; have a rubbed appeai-ance and being on
a dark ground have a very peculiar aspect. Mr. Cuming
has no information as to its locality.
Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLuris ZEURA. Bui. testa ovatd, tenuiculd, imperforald,
veidricosd, spird acuminata, anfraclibm subrotundatis
icnibus, columella redd, labro simplici ; viridi, Jlam-
mis sfrigisfjue miiwribus peculiariter undalis Jlavican-
tibus ornatd, columelld alba, labro infus castaneo-niar-
(jinato.
The zebra Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thin, imper-
forated, vcntricose, spire acuminated, whorls some-
what rounded, smooth, columella straight, lip simple ;
green, ornamented with peculiarly waved flames and
lesser streaks of yellow, columella white, lip edged
internally with chesnut.
Buccimim zebra, Muller, Verm. Terr, et Fluv. Hist. j). 138.
Bulimm uiidatus, liruguiere.
Varietates.
Bulimns zif/sag, Lamarck.
Bulimus princeps, Sowerby.
Uab. Nicaragua, Panama, Costa l!ico, Veragua, Pcniani-
buco. West Indies.
Few species of the genus affect a wider range of country
than the present, and it is owing to the different aspects
under which it is found, that the above-recorded synonymes
have arisen. The beautiful variety figured in the Coneho-
logical Illustrations under the name B. primeps was col-
lected by Mr. Cuming in the woods of Nicaragua where it
inhabits the hollows of trees ; the more common variety,
knowni as the B. nudatus, is found in the West Indies and
Brazil, and, extremely rich in colour, at Panama and Costa
Kico.
yyy///,v^/.v M AW.
n
A^
k
mi
BULIMUS,
Plate XVI.
Species 91. (Fig. a and A. ilus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMUS piECiLUS. Bid. testd elongato-ovald, temii, veii-
tricosd, subumbiUcatd, spird acuminatd, anfractibus sex
aut septem, longiiudinaUter striatis, labro temd, slm-
pUci; albidd,fuscescente tinctd, caruleo-mgricante varie
fii-sciatd aid mactdatd aut punctata, apicc pmtHariter
nigricante.
The vari-pictured Bulimus. Shell eloiigcitely ovate,
thin, ventricose, slightly umbilicated, spire ncimiiiia-
teil, whorls six or seven in number, longitudinally
striated, lip thin, simple ; whitish, stained with pale
brown and vai'iously banded, or blotched, or dotted
with bluish black, apex peculiarly l)lackish.
D'Oebigny, Voyage dans TAiuer. Mt'rid. p. 2S(5. pi. 31.
f. 1 to 10.
Hab. Bolivian Andes, South America (at the roots of
shi'ubs) ; D'Orbigny, Bridges.
An extremely variable species of which D'Orliigiiy has
considered it necessary to give ten tigures, mainly distin-
guished by its acimiinated growth and general disposition
of colour.
Species 93. (Mns. Cuming.)
Bulimus punctulifer. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, teiiuis-
simd, lanbilicatd, anfractihus se.v, tongitndinaliter stri-
atis, sub h'litc iiiiiliijiii- crchi-rriiM phiiio-ijniiiiilosis^ per
margineiii siijirriurr,,/ liic illi,- mhiii.t'i- rude eri'tinhdh,
labro teniii sii„plici, voliniivllriri repe.ru ; nlljiild.fiiseo
irregnhiriter liiieatd et puiiefatd, epidermide Jlavicanle
iiidiifd.
The dotted Bulimus. SheD oblong-ovate, very thin,
umbilicated, whorls six in number, longitudinally
striated, under the lens very closely flatly gi-anulated,
minutely mdely crenidated here and there along the
upper margin, lip thin, simple, the columellar lip
reflected back ; whitish, iiTegularly lineated and dotted
with brown, covered with a yellowisli epidermis.
SoWEEBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1S33, p. 3li.
Hab. Chili, La Questa Prada, Cmning ; La Questa de
Arenos, Huasco, Bridges.
Approaching the B. granulosus in form and scidpture,
the painting of this shell resembles that of B. Broderipii,
though easily distinguished by its dotted indefinite style
of pattern.
Species 93. (Mns. Cuming.)
Bulimus kupicolus. Bui. testd fusiformi-orald, lenui,
spird subacufd, aiifractibus quinque ultiinu h/a.i-iinu,
longifudiiKilitrr rude striufis, viidique luiiiule tjruiinluto-
rngosis, hdiro siniplii
ulhidd, l„„r,lli.s hnnjiUldilKtl,
bus puiietisque uigriednlitjia scrtidiui pield, ejjidennide
fiavicarde indutd.
TuE ROCK-INHABITING BuLlMUS. Shell fusifonuly ovate,
thin, spire rather shar[), whorls five in number, the
last very large, longitudinally rudely striated and
everywhere minutely gramdatcly rough, lip simple ;
whitish, painted with rows of black longitudinal
blotches and dots, covered with a yellowish epidennis.
Succinea variegata, Pfeifi'er, Pro. Zool. Soc., 181.2, p. 187.
Hab. Valleys in the north of Coquimbo (in the crevices of
rocks) ; Bridges.
I think Dr. Pfeiffer has greatly eiTed in referring this
gi'oup of Bulimi to the genus Succinea, the tyjie of which
is an amphibious animal, like the Lymnea, affecting damp
and swampy situations, such as the banks of stagnant
pools, in marshes, or on floating vegetable matter. The
habits of these species are much opposed to this ; dwelling
in the dry crevices of the rocks which appear in the sandy
plains west of the Andes, where there is little or no mois-
ture beyond that which arises from the dews.
The name variegatus cannot be adopted, in conseijuencc
of its having been used under the head of Bulimus by
Bruguiere in refeiTence to the Tornatellafiammea.
Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tuamnoicus. Bui. testd oblongo-orafd. tumi-
diuseuld, umbiliedld. anj'ruelihtix xe.r, eoiire.cix, uudique
minute seriatiu
iiiie„i >.eyenorem
illdihlis ilebulosis
crenulatii; fusceseeide, tii/ei
irregularibus cingidatd.
The shrub-inhabiting Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather swollen, umbilicated, whorls six in number,
convex, minutely granulated throughout in rows,
erenulated along the upper margin; light brown
encircled with irregular clouded blackish lines.
D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amer. Merid. p. 290. pi. 37.
f. 4 to 9.
Hub. Eastern side of the Bolivian Andes, (at the roots of
bushes and, during the dry season, in the crevices of
rocks) ; I) 'Orbignv, Bridges.
Mav, 184 8.
BULDirS.— Plate XVI.
The specimen selected for representation is the Yar. D.
manmrata of D'Orbigiiy, the hxrger varieties in wliich
there are none of the transverse lines ser\Tiig to charac-
terize this, approximate rather to the B. Tupac'd of tlie
same author.
Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
BfLiJics CoaciMBENSis. Bui. tedd subfusiformi-ovatd,
(eiiMUtimd, ventricosd, anfractibm sex, convexk, sitioi-
liquis, longitudmal'der rude striath, anfractu ultimo
maximo, aperlurd aubampla, labro simplici ; albidd,
fuscescenle t'mctd, puiiclis maculk slrigUque idgrican-
tibui a»perad
The C0QUI.MB0 Bllimus. Shell somewhat fusifonuly
ovate, very thin, ventricosc, whorls six in number,
rather oblique, longitudinally rudely striated, last
whorl very large, aperture rather large, lip simple ;
whitish, stained with light browni, and sprinkled witli
blackish dots, blotches and streaks.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 30.
Succhiea CoquMensk, PfeiiFcr.
Hnb. Mountains of Coquimbo ; Cuming.
The painting of this species is also not much unlike that
of the B. Broderipii from which it diflers most essentially
in form.
Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bllimus pipekatls. BuL tenia ovatd, tenui, valde in-
Jlatd, apird breviuiculd, acumimtd, anfractibui quinque,
ultimo maximo, obscure rugoso-yraiiulalis el slrialis,
aperlurd perampld, labro vix rejlexo ; albidd, punctis
fundi perpaucin axpend, epidermuie Jlacidd induld.
The peppered Bclimus. Shell ovate, thin, greatly in-
flated, spire rather short, acuminated, whorls five in
number, the last very liu-ge, obscurely roughly gi-a-
nulated and striated, aperture very large, lip scarcely
reflected; whitish, sprinkled with a yellowish epi-
Sowekby, Conch, llhis. f. 93.
Hab. llualaga, IVni.
The most inflated of the Succinea-form species, distin-
guished by a more economical style of painting than its
Species 97. (Mus. Cuming).
BuLiMUs Broderipii. Bui. tedd ovatd, abbreviato-fusi-
formi, lenuimmd, valdi injlatd, spird brevi, anfraclibus
quinque, ultimo maximo, nub lente minute granulato-
rugom, aperlurd perampld, labro simplici; albidd,
nigro fulvoque coiispicue et elegantissime maadatd el
vuriegatd.
Bkodebip's Bulimus. Shell ovate, abbreviately fusi-
form, very thin, greatly inflated, spire short, whorls
five in number, the last very large, minutely granu-
lately rugose under the lens, apertm-e very large, lip
simple; whitish, conspicuously and very elegantly
blotched and variegated with black and fulvous
brown.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 30.
Succinea Broderipii, Pfeifl'er.
Hab. Copiapo, Chili (in the fissm-cs of rorks) ; Cuming.
Much smaller varieties of this species occur than that
selected for figm'ing and more richly coloured ; it is an
extremely thin and fi-agile shell.
Buiinviu, mm.
«
A
%
4
BULIMUS.
Species 'JS. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMus CULMINANS. Bid. tesld oblongo-ovatd, tenuiciilii,
aiifradibm sex, subrotimdatu, longitiidinaUter cre/itr-
rime et subrude striatis, per margiHem superiorem .s/ib/i-
Uter ereimlalis, labro smplici ; flamdo-oUvacd, npiccui
versus cinerancente .
The lofty-dwelling Bulimis. Sliell obloug-ovnte,
rather thin, whorls six in number, soraewliat rouiuicd,
longitudinally very closely and rather rudely striated,
finely crcnidated along the upper margin, lip simple ;
yellowish, faintly olive, pale ash-coloiu'ed towards the
apex.
D'Orbigxy, A'oy. dans I'Amer. Merid. p. 389.
Hab. Lake of Titicaca, Bolina (under stones and at the
roots of shi'ubs upon the mountains) ; D'Orbigny.
11. D'Orbigny describes this species as inhabiting the
most elevated regions of the Bolivian Andes. It is of
simple structui-e and not distinguished by any marked
peculiarity of coloiu-ing.
Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.)
Buli.mus nucleus. Bid. te-iid g/oboso-ovatd, tennicidd,
reidrirosd, ri.r umh'diccdd, sub lenle mhmtisshne grnmi-
latd, niifrncfibns quatuor, rotunduds, labro re/lcm ;
hdeo-olivared, peritremafe vicide niirantio.
The kernel Bulimus. Shell globosely ovate, rather
thin, ventricose, scarcely umbilicated, very minutely
gi-aniUated under the lens, whorls four in number,
romided, lip reflected ; yellowish olive, peritreme
bright orange.
SowERBY, Conch. Illus., f. 33.
Hab. Maldanao, vicinity of Monte Video.
I doubt very much if the shell which D' Orliigny refers
to this species (Voy. dans 1 'Amer. Merid. p. 305) is any-
thing more than a variety of B. rosaceus. It will be seen
by the accompanying figure how much this shell resembles
that species, though readily distinguished by its light
globose structui-e and bright orange peritreme.
Species 100. (Fig. a, b, c. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlilus SORDTDUS. Bid. testd ovatd, ventricosd, ampli-
ter umbUicatd, spird bivviiiscidd, andd, anfractibus
tdtiiiio 'maxima, iiijlalo, creberrime yra-
indatis, labro teiud late efj'uso ; sordide alba, auraidio-
castaneo plus mimisve tiuctd etfasciatd.
The nuLL Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose, largely
umbilicated, spire rather short, acute, whorls six in
nundier, the last very large and inflated, very closely
granulated, lip thin, widely effused ; dull white, more
or less stained or variegated with orange chesnut .
Lesson, Zool. Voy. CoquiUe, pi. 13. f. 3.
Bnlimi Proteus and mutabilii, Broderip.
Bidimus Cora, D' Orbigny.
llab. Mountains of Peru (under stones) ; Cuming.
The name given to this species by Mr. Broderip is a
far more appropriate one on account of its Protean aspect
and pretty varieties of painting, than that to which it is
entitled. First collected by M. Lesson during the voyage
of the CoquiUe, it is to Mr. Cuming we are mainly
indebted for the beautiful varieties obtained in different
parts of Peru, St. Jacinta, Pacosmayo, Truxillo, Santos,
&c., out of which Ml-. Broderip proposed a second species
under the name B. mulabilis. M. D' Orbigny collected
the B. sordidus on the arid ridges of the mountain of San-
Cristobal near Lima, and I believe his B. Cora from the
interior of Peru, of which Mr. Cuming possesses authentic
specimens, to be only another state of the same species.
Species 101. (Fig. «, b, c. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Peruvianus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui,
imperforatd, spird subacutd, anfractibus quinque longi-
tudinaliter rude et irregulariter rugoso-striatis, inter-
dmn tratvtversim obscure pmictato-sulcalis, labro sim-
plici, tenuiisimo ; grised aid fiavidd aut fuscescente,
S(epe roseo et carulescenfe variegntd.
The Peruvian Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, im-
perforated, spire rather sharp, whorls five in number,
longitudinally rudely and in-egularly rugosely striated,
sometimes encircled with obscui'e punctured grooves,
lip simple, very thin ; greyish or pale yellow or light
brown, frequently variegated with pink or blue.
Bruguiere, Diet. Enc. Meth. no. 37.
Bnlimi Gruvesii and corrugafu.i. King.
JIab. Chili (at the roots of shrubs); Cuming.
There is not much variation in the form of this species,
but it dirt'ers considerably in colour. The animal, unliki^
May, 1S48.
RULIMU;
XVII,
most of its congeners, brings forth its young alive, and
during the drj' season incloses itself within the shell by
forming an i-pipiiragni.
Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMLS CiilLE.NSls. Jiiil. lestd oHoiiffo-occi/d, teiiiii,
tiiLtUUer ereberrime granulatd, spird subacittd, aiifrac-
tibiis sej; loiigiludinalitef rude striatic, lahro tmumimo,
limflici ; fuscescente, striffis aordidc ca-staneis toiujiln-
diiialiiM hie il/ic tiiictd.
The Chili Bilimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, liiuK
very closely granulated, spire rather siiarp, whorls
six in number, longitudinally rudely striated, lip ven'
thin, simple; light brown, stained here and there
with longitudinal dull chesnut streaks.
Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, pi. 8. f. 3.
Bulimics granulosus, Broderip.
Hab. Valparaiso and Conception, Chili ; Cuming.
Although this shell is exactly similar in structure to
that of the ])reeeding species, the animal is not viviparous ;
it is, however, singularly distinguished by the smallness
of its eggs, which are like little peas. It inhabits Ihe
mountains of Conception, and is found in ravines near the
sea-shore as far as Valparaiso. During the dry season it
buries itself in the earth, inclosed by an epiphragm. The
shell exhibits little \ariatioii of form or eolouriu'r.
Hi///i/in;i. /'/ XVm.
\
i
4
%
B U L I M U S
Species 103. (Fig. a and h. Mus. Ciuniug.)
BuLIMUS NITIDUS. Bui. testa, pyramidali-ovata, tenni,
subpellucidd, anfractihis sex, convexis, longitudinaUter
fortiter elevato-striatis, aperturd paniuscald, labro
simplici ; opalescente-lacted, strigis cmrulescente-fmcis
longitudinalibm ornatd, apice nigricante.
The shining Bulihius. Shell pjTamidally ovate, fliiii,
somewhat transparent, whorls six in number, convex,
longituclinaDy strongly elevately striated, aperture
rather small, lip simple; opalescent cream-colour,
ornamented with longitudinal bluish-brown streaks,
apex blackish.
Brodebip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, f. 31.
Ejusdem var. lactea.
Bulimm cactivoriis, Broderip.
Eab. Columbia and Peru ; Cuming.
Of a delicate opalescent cream-colour with a black apex,
aud longitudinally streaked with blue-brown, a neat tinely
corded appearance being imparted to the shell in conse-
quence of the strise which cross the dark streaks remaining
cream-coloiu-. The B. cactivoriis of Broderip is merely a
variety having no streaks.
Species 101. (Fig. a, b,c. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus v.^RiANS. Bid. testa elongatd, tenui, umbiUcatd,
aufractibus septeni, convexis, longitudinaUter hie illic
rude siriatis, aperturd parvd, labro simplici, alba aut
rubella, castaneo sapissime aut zonulald aut longitu-
diiialiter variegatd et strigatd.
The variable Bulimus. Shell elongated, thin, umbiU-
cated, whorls seven in number, convex, longitudinally
here and there rudely striated, aperture small, lip
simple ; white or reddish, most fi-equently zoned or
longitudinally streaked and variegated with chesnut.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 106.
Ejusdem varietates.
B.piiIclieUiis and rubellits.
Hab. On the mountains about TruxiUo, Peru ; Cuming.
The present is a remarkable instance of the variation of
colom- and pattern in one species in the same locahty.
The variety Fig. a, {B. rubellm, Brod.) is of a simple
reddish nankeen colour ; Fig. i, (5.^«fc/(eW««, Brod.) is
white, reddish towards the apex, encii'cled by a regidar
Mav,
series of dark brown zones; and Fig. c, (B. variai/s,
Brod.) is of the same ground tint as Fig. a, with the
addition of numerous irregular mottled longitudinal
pm-ple-brown streaks. All are characterized by a dark
bauil in the umbdicus which is rather larare.
Species 10.5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bunjirs LEMNiscATUS. Bid. ti'std oiiatd, ve/itricosd au-
pliter umbiUcatd, spird snbpyramidali, acuta, anfracti-
b/is septeni, rotundatis, lavibns, labro simplici, albidd,
vitli.'i fii-icis pecidiariter interniptis circumdatd, colu-
mella et ajiertura fauce roseo.
The ribanded Bulimus. Shell ovate, largely umbdi-
cated, spii-e somewhat pyramidal, sharp, whorls seven
in number, rounded, smooth, lip simple; whitish,
sm-rouuded by peculiarly intermpted brown fillets,
columella and interior of the aperture pink.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 271.
Bidimus viltatus, Broderip (not of Spix).
Hab. Ilo, Peru; Cuming.
The brown bands or fillets which characterize this
species are broken up in a peculiar manner into square
blotches divided in part by a light transverse dasli of
white ; the eolumeUa and interior are pink.
M. D' Orbigny appears to have confounded this aud
the B. Hentiahii together; his Fig. 8 (Voy. Amer. Jlerid.
PL 30.) is a variety of the fonner species, wliilst his
Fig. 3 and 4 are of the latter.
Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLnirs fusoides. Bid. testa elongatd, basi effnsd, au-
fractibus sex, lavibus, nitidis, columelld oblique contortd,
labro vix reflexo ; albidd, strigis ceerulescente-fuscii
angitstis tindatis longitudinaUter ornatd, columelld in-
tense roseo-purpured, labro albo.
The rusoiD Bulimus. Shell elongated, eflfused at the
base, wdiorls six in number, smooth, shining, columella
obliquely twisted, lip scarcely reflected; whitish,
ornamented longitudinally with nan-ow waved streaks
of bluish-brown, columella deep rose-pm-ple, lip white.
D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amer. Me'rid. p. 215.
Hab. Cacopata, Bolivia (in the woods) ; Bridges.
1818.
BrLDlLS.— Plate XVIII.
(Jf this vcn- cliaraclovistic and pretty species, collected
in perfection bv Mr. Bridges, M. D'Orbigny found but
two dead specimens in a damp ravine near the banks of
the Rio San Mateo, Coehabamba, Bolivia, on the North-
Kast side of the Eastern Cordilleras. It is chiefly re-
markable on account of the patulate effused formation of
the ajjcrturc and deep rose-purple stained columella.
Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.)
lUl.lMCS TIGRIS. Bill, tenia ei/li>idraceo-elo)iffala, ampli-
ter uuil/ilicald, anfraclibim neptem, laviiiis aid subli-
liler strialu, labro coliiuiellari sublate expamo, exienio
simplici, sulieffim ; aliidd, purpureo-fitacescenie lali
alrigald.
The tiger Bl'limcs. Shell cylindricidly elongated, largely
umbilicatcd, whorls seven in number, smooth or
tincly striated, columeUar lip widely expanded, outer
lip simple, somewhat effused ; white, broadly streaked
with purple-brown.
Bkouerip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 107.
llnli. Truxillo, Peru (on bushes on the mountains) ;
Cuming.
Though appro.ximating very closely to the li. varimis,
there is a sufHcient variation in the form of this species to
render it distinct ; the body-wiiorl is of greater length
and the aperture more effused.
Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.)
BlLIMUS ONCA. Bul. testa elongato-ohlotigd, leimi, snb-
pelliicidd, aiifractibus qtiinque, vltimo maximo, obliqum,
longiludinaUter strialis, per marginem mperiormri levi-
ter cremilalU, labro vix rejlexo ; violaceo-fulvd, gnltia
caslaiieis hie illic aiperm, colmnelld et aperturtc faiice
rosaceis.
The JAGfAU Bi'LiMi-.s. Shell clougatelv (Mow, HiJn
rather transparent, whorls five in number, the last
very large, oijlique, longitudinally striated, sbghtiy
crenulated along the upper margin, lip scarcely re-
flected, violaceous fulvous colour, sprinkled here and
there with large chcsnut dots ; columella and interior
of the a]ierture pink.
D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amcr. Merid. p. 205. pi. 30.
f. 1 and 2. '
IM. Tutulima, Bolivia.
It is entirely owing to the enterprising spirit of M.
Alcide P' Orbigny that we arc indebted for the knowledge
of this beautiful species. " Desiring to find a more im-
mediate communication," says that intelligent traveller,
"between Cochabiunba and Moxas, Bolivia, we made a
proposition to the Goveniment of that Republic to make
the attempt. The President, General Santa Cruz, furnished
us with the means to achieve this undertaking. We set
out on foot with a party of Indians to carry proTOioiis,
and after passing forty days amid the precipices of unin-
habited mountains on the north-east side of the Eastern
Cordilleras, and enduring a thousand difliculties and pri-
vations we accomplished our journey. It was in this
excursion not far from Tutulima that we observed the
liidimus onca at the bottom of almost inaccessible ravines
in damp woody situations, where it is of rare oeeun-ence
and ditlicult to procure, from its habit of burying itself in
the earth."
Species 109. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLl.ML's MOtJESTUS. But. Ic'dd pyramidali, turritd, am-
pUter umbilicald, arifractibus septeni, aiigiislis, rotiiii-
datis, forliler et creberrime concentrice elevalo-strial'is,
luhro slmpUci ; fuscescente, apicem versus albidd, striis
coiicentrick nlbis.
The modest Bui.imus. Shell ijvnimidal, turretcd, largely
umbilieated, whorls seven in number, narrow, rounded,
strongly and very closely concentrically elevately
striated ; light brown, whitish towards the apex,
striffi wliitisli.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 106.
Eab. lluacho, Peru, (on small bushes on the mountains);
Cuming.
The whorls of this species have rather a tubercular stvle
Hi</'f/in.^. /'/ J/I.
I
t^m.
BULIMUS
Species 110. (llus. Cuming-.)
BuLlMUs SCUTULATUS. Bid. testd pyramidaU, tnrriid,
umbUicatd, anfractihm odo, rotimdatis, coiiceiitrica
rude driatvs, apertiird parvimcidd, labro siiiiplic.i ;
albidd, caslaneo plus mimisve undique fasciatd.
The cobweb-marked Btjlimus. Shell pyramidal, tiir-
reted, umbilicated, wliorls eiglit in number, rounded,
concentrically rudely striated, aperture rather sicall,
lip simple ; whitish, more or less handed throughout
with chesnut.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1S32, p. lOG.
Hub. Islay, Port Arequipa, Peru, on the hills, Cuming ;
on dry rocks near the shore, D' Orbigny.
M. D' Orbigny speaks of this species as existing in
situations where there is not the slightest \egetation or
moistm-e even from the dews.
Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLIMUS TUMIDUMS. Bid. h'std oblomjo-omtd, Icimi,
■mbumbiUcatd, spird breiiiit.tcnld, amid, mifraci'ihim
st'pti'iii, .wpi-nir p/,i,io-,-u,in'.ri.'<, lij'mir p.ritliunfrr
rohuHl.llo-rllW,.. I„!,n, s„.,l,n,-i ■ „//,/,/,;, Jl„rn-/},s,r,-
ceidr lim-ld, /iuri, rasl,uinsja.,:i,s,i„e su„j„l„nh'r ,<„,-
brails circiwuhdd, cuhuadld romv-pnrpun-d, upice
purpiireo-fusco.
The swollen Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin,
slightly umbilicated, spire rather short, acute, whorls
seven in nmnber, flatly concave round the upper part,
peculiarly rotundately effused roimd the lower, lip
simple ; whitish, stained with yellowish brown, en-
circled with chesnut lines and singidarly shaded
bands, columella rose-purple, apex purple-brown.
Pfeiffee, MSS., Mus. Cuming.
Btdmits iiijlatus, Broderip (not of Lamarck), Pro. Zool.
Soc, 1836, p. 45.
Hab. Ambo, Peru ; Cuming.
An extremely pretty shell differing both in its growth
and texture from most of the Peruvian species.
Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
?ULIMUS ELEGANS. Bid. testd ovatd, tenuissimd, pidln-
cidd, iiijlatd, anfractibus qtdnque, convexis, idthno
May.
ma.vimo, labro simpUci ; rubello-corned, striffis nlbis
opacis Uiwisque nigrk imdaiis longitudinaUter pictd.
The elegant Bulimus. ShcU ovate, very thin, trans-
jjarent, inflated, whorls five in number, convex, the
last very large, lip simple; reddish horny colour,
longitudinally painted with waved black lines and
opake white streaks.
Succinea elegam, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 187.
Hab. La Questa de Arenas, Huasco, Chili (found on a
small cryptogamic plant) ; Bridges.
An extremely delicate shell of a thin fragile Succinea-
like texture, strikingly painted with opake white streaks
and black hues.
Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus versicolor. Bid. tesid pijramklall-ovatd, am-
pUter umbdicatd, anfractibus sex, convexis, miiii.de
dej/resso-ffraiiidaiis, labro termi, sublate reflexo ; cas-
faned, maculis nlbidis variegatd,
The changeable-coloured Bulimus. Shell pyrami-
dally ovate, largely umbilicated, whorls six in number,
convex, minutely depressly gi-anulated, lip thin, rather
widely reflected; chesnut, variegated with whitish
spots.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 108.
Hab. Mongon near Casma, Peru (found on bushes on the
mountains) ; Cuming.
Although this shell varies in its shade and pattern ol'
colour-, the specimens all partake more or less of- the same
red-brown tint which characterizes the B. Proteus. In
form and scidptui-e the variation is trifling, and I doubt
very much if it should not also be arranged, together with
B. iiudabiUs, as a variety of that species.
Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULI.I
Hid. Ii-sid pi/nihiiilidi-omtd,
vijli.^ ■: in\jai.i,\tn- .s/riulis, labro niMplici ; pallide
strumined, corned, striis opaco-albis.
The Monte-Video Bulimus. Shell pyramidally ovate,
thin, pellucid, umbilicated ; whorls seven in number,
convex, obliquely irregidariy striated, lip simple;
pale straw coloiu-, horny, stria; opake-white.
1848.
BLLIMI <.— I'l.Air, \IX.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1S46, p. 33.
Ilab. Monte Video, Buenos Ayrcs (on small trees in
swampy places) ; Cuming.
A vcr)- delicate transparent species in which the whorls
are concentrically marked with fine opake-whitc striae.
Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMDS coTURNix. Bill, testd globoso-ovata, tenui, in-
fiald, vix nniMlicatd, anfraclibus quiiique, ultimo max-
imo; hbro simplici; fuscescente-albd, imculis grandi-
bus numerosis uUuhto-cantaneis tinctd.
The aUAiL Bulimus. Shell globosely ovate, thin, inflated,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls live in number, the last
very large, lip simple; browuish-white, stained with
numerous large blotches of burnt-chesnut.
SowEHBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1S32, p. 33.
Hab. Huasco, Chili (on di-y stones) ; Cuming, D'Orbigny.
This is certainly not a variety of B. Broderipii as M.
D'Orbigny intimates, it is, with little or no variation, of a
more globose form and another style of painting.
Species 116. (Mus. Cumiiig.)
Bulimus Drapaknaudi. Bui. testd subpyramidali-ovatd,
anfraclibus septum convexis, lahro simplici; albd,
strigis latiusculis ceeruleis, roseis, el opaco-albis, liiieis
nigris interdum. subtiliter undatis interspersis, pulclier-
rimi longitudiualiter pictd.
Deaparnauds' Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, whorls seven in number, convex, lip simple ;
white, very beautifidly painted longitudinally with
rather broad streaks of blue, pink, and opake white,
interspersed with black lines which are sometimes
finely waved.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 113.
Hab. Chilon, Bolivia (on the trunks of Cacti) ; Bridges.
This is truly a gem, exhibiting the gayest display of
colours of any of the cactivorous species.
Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Bridoesii. Bui. testd ovatd, iimhilicatd, pel-
lucidd, apice subobtusd, anfraclibus quatuor, striis con-
fertissit>ie et subtilissinie decussatis, aperturd parcius-
cdd, labro late reflexo,fere inlegro ; sericeo-flavescenle,
perilrenmte albo.
Bridges' Bulimus. Shell ovate, umbilieatcd, pellucid,
rather obtuse at the apex, whorls four in number,
very closely and finely decussated with stria;, aperture
rather small, lip broadly reflected, almost entire;
.silken yellow, peritreme white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 186.
Hab. Frierina, Huasco, Chili (under stones) ; Bridges.
A delicate transparent shell, resembling B. rosaceus in
form, but certainly distinct from that species. The whorls
are not creniUated along the upper edge, nor is there the
least tinge of rose-colouring ; it has more the transparency
of a silkwonn cocoon.
4
lii//nNU.i I'l.AX
f
I
i
•'r
BULIMUS
fJpecics lis. (;Mus. Cuming.)
BlLIJtUS RUGIFERUS. Bid. Iml li jnjr,i„i'nhili-tiirritii, um-
bilicatd, avfractibus ovlu. huhixm-si,,/ Inuiisfiiuie sfriatis,
longilmUnaUter peculidi-iirr nniatis, apcrturd parrd,
lahro simpUci ; infiis e-dimjitejictili-drumieu.
Tnv. WRINKLED BuLiMus. Sliell pyramidally tun-eted,
urabilicated, whorls eight in number, transversely
very finely striated, longitudinally peculiarly wrinkled,
aperture small, lip simple ; earthy brown within and
without.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. See., 1833, p. 30.
Had. Jacob Island, Gallapagos ; Cnming.
Curiously longitudinally wrinkled, whilst the interstices
are finely transversely striated.
Species 119. (JIus. Cuming.)
HCLIMUS LaUKENTII. £/'/. trsid ariii,iiii(ilo-in;itii :iiib-
ampUter timbiUcatd, iitifrnviilin^ iiiiniqur. xiihrutuiidh,
lavibtts, aperturd siiborbicidari, labm .simplivi : idb'uld,
riibido-fusco concinne, fasciatd.
The St. Lawrence Btjlimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
rather largely umbiUcated, whorls five in number,
rather rounded, smooth, aperture somewhat orbicular,
lip simple; whitish, prettUy banded with redilish
brown.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 37.
Hub. Island of San Lorenzo, Bay of CaUao, Peru (on
stones at the summits of the mountains) ; Cuming.
Au interesting small species existing iu great abundance
in the localities it inhabits.
Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS PRUINOSUS. Bill, tedd oblongo-ovatd, teitiii,
pelliwidd, suhampliter umbilicatd, anfractibiis quiiique,
Icevigatis, apice subpapillari, labro simpliri ,■ conieo-
atticaiite, opaco-albo varid.
The snowy Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, pellucid,
rather largely umbilicated, whorls five in number,
smooth, apex somewhat papUlary, lip simple ; horny
white, variegated with opake white.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 36.
Hub. Peru ; Cuming.
A light transparent horny shell, delicately variegated
with irregidar opake white spots and streaks.
1 Species lil. (.Mu^. Cuuiiug.)
BuLnius eschariferus. Bid. li'dd snbeloiigaio-liirrild,
iimbdiciitd, apira siitiifis iwpressis, aiifractibuii septeiii,
ikpresso-coiivexis, uiidigue subtiUter seriatim gramdatis,
I aperturd subquadrato-ovali, labro vix refiexo ; itx/idrdu-
f lined, fasclis angiislhi ru/o-fuscis medio cingulatd.
I The toasted Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongatcly tur-
reted, umbilicated, sutures of the spire impressed,
whorls seven in number, depressly convex, finelv
granulated throughout in rows, aperture somewhat
sijuarely ovate, lip scarcely reflected ; scorched-
brown, encircled round the middle with two narrow
red-brown bands.
1 Sowerby, Coneh. lUus. Bid. f. 87.
' Hub. Chatham Island, Gallapagos ; Darwin.
The granulations of this species are somewhat different
! from those of the B. Prolem ; they are more isolated and
more distinctly set in transverse rows.
Species 122. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bl'Li.mvs HiVAsii. Bid. tesfd acnmiiiato-oblongd, tenni,
iiiifrac/ibiis octo, convexis, aperturd parviusculd, labiv
xii.iplici : opaco-albd, strigis lineolisque longititdinalibus
cori/eis jiellucidis.
IiiVAs' Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, thin, whorls
eight in number, convex, aperture rather small, lip
simple ; opake-white, with longitudinal transparent
horny streaks iind lines.
D'Orbigsy, Voyage dans I'Amer. Mwid. p. 276. pi. 34.
f. 8 to 10.
Ilab. near Clnlon, Bolivia
Bridges.
deail trunks of Ciirli);
I have not much doubt that this shell is the B. Rivn.iii
of D'Orbigny, but it is proper to mention that 1 have no
other authority for it than tluit obtained by a comparison
with the description and figure.
Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.)
BiLiMUS RUGULOSUS. Bid. testd cijlindrueeo-elonijuld,
aub-Piipifuriiii, umbilicatd, apice subpapillari, atifrac-
tibiis octo, leviler concerdrice rugnlosis, cohmieUd
supra iimbdicitm reflexd, aperturd parrd, hibro vi.r
ddatato ; oUvaceo-fllScd, fuscid uuird paUidd iiinlin
cingulatd.
184!
BULIMUS.— ri.ATK \x.
The SLIGUTLY WRiNKLEP BiLiMLs. Shell cjlimlrically
elongated, somewhat Pupa-shaped, umbilicated, apex
subpapillary, whorls eight in mimber, slightly concen-
trically wrinkled, columella reflected over the urabUi-
eus, aperture small, lip very slightly dilated ; olive-
brown, encircled round the middle with a single pale
band.
SowERBY, Conch, lllus. Bui. f. 85.
Hab. Gallapagos Islands ; Cuming.
Of a peculiar red-tinged olive brown-colour and cluysa-
lis-like form.
The souljiture of this species is precisely that already
j described in the B. riigiferm and Bancinii, from both of
1 which it differs in form, and from the latter more especially
by the absence of any callous tubercles in the aperture.
Species 124. (Mus. Cuming.)
lili.lMUS TURRlTUS. Bill, ti'sid eloiiffato-iwriid, impcr-
forald, ipira suturk iwpresm, anfradibus decern ad
iiiidecem, l<ecibus, subdepresHO-convexis, aperturd parvd,
Ittbro simplici ; albidd, rufo-fiiscesceiitc tnfasciatd.
The turreted Bulimus. Shell elongately tui-reted,
imperforated, sutures of the spire impressed, whorls
fen to eleven in number, smooth, deprcssly convex,
aperture small, lip simple; whitish, encircled with
four reddisU-brown bands.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. lOG.
Hab. Tnixillo, Peni (on the mountains) ; Cuming.
The uppermost of the bands is next the suture of each
whorl, the lowest is only shown in the last whorl.
Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.)
lUl.lMis sciLPTUKATUS. Bui. tedd ovald, tenidculd, vix
UfiibiUcatd, anfradibus .wplcm, subventricosk, coitspicite
reticulatim rugatis, iiiterstitii.i tramvenini cornujato-
str'uilis, columella simplke reflmi, tahro kmd ; i/ifua
I'.rlus'jue JidilL
The sculptured Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thin,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, sonu;-
what ventrieose, conspicuously reticulately wrinkled,
the interstices being corrugately striated, columella
simply reflected, lip thin ; earthy brown within and
without.
I'FKUFER, Pro. Zool. Soc., 18K1, p. i'.K
Hub. Gallapagos Islands (on 1)m>1ks); Darwin.
Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.)
lUl.mus C.4.LVUS. Bui. testa ohlongd, ■mbturritd, uiubi-
licatd, anfradibus septem rotundati^, lievibm aul
miiuiie conceutrice striatis, aperturd parvd, lahro tis
dilutato ; pallescente bnmned, ad apicem nigricante.
The bald Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat turreted,
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, rounded,
smooth or minutely concentrically striated, aperture
small, lip slightly dilated ; pale brown, blackish
at the apex.
SowERBV, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 72.
Hah. James' Island, Gallapagos (on dried tufts of grass) ;
Cuminc;.
A smooth pale brown shell havi
Jc/ia/iiiella-likc appearance.
lat
Species 127. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pustulosus. Bui. lestd subfusiformi-ovatd,
ampliter nmbilicatd, anfradibus sex, subrugosii, slriis
rudihus gramihtis, moniliformibus, longitudinaliter ex-
sculptis, colunielld supra umbilicum reflexd, labru
simplici ; intus extusque sordide albd.
The pustulose Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, largely umbilicated, whorls six in number,
rather rough, longitudinally engraved with iiide
granulated necklace-like stris, coliniiella reflecteil
over the innbilicus, lip simple : dead white within
and without.
BiioDEiup, Pro. Zool. See., 1832, j). 111.").
Hab. Iluaseo, Chili (under stones on elevated groumi) ;
Cuming.
The necklace-like granulated stria' with whieh this
species is longitudinally sculptured are extremely eiiarac-
teristie.
/////////// V // lU
i
4
4
B U L I i\l U S .
Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bui.iMUS DECOLORATUs. Bill, testii ohloiifjo-omtd, ail-
fractibus qninqne, medio snhangulato-ventncosh, infra
suturas peculiariter lotiffil/idiiinUfcr cminhdis, Inbro
simplici; albidd, fuscescente hie illic ii'iiuiicr s/rii/a/d,
parte circa colnmeUam casta iico-fuxcd.
The discoloured Buhmus. Shell oblonn--ovate, wborLs
five in luimber, somewhat angularly ventricose in the
middle, peculiarly longitudinally crenulated beneath
the sutures, lip simple ; whitish, finely streaked here
and there with light bromi, chesnut brown rouuil
the colnmella.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 183.3, p. 73.
Hab. Vicinity of Lima, Peru (found bnried in the earth
uiuler bushes on the hills) ; Cuiniug.
The fii-st two whorls of this shell are characterized by a
very minute, shagreen appearance, discernible only with
the lens, but it may be doibteii whether it is of any
specific value.
Species 129. (Fig. a and b. JIus. Cuming.)
BuLiJtus Sc.iL.\Rii'oiniis. Bid. tedd pyraniidali-oblongd,
ampliter umbUicatd, anfradibm se.v, rofundaiis, cre-
berrime concent rice tenuicostatis, apertiird parvd, labro
simplici ; fuscescente, costis albidis.
The Scalaria-shaped Bulimus. Shell pyramidally
oblong, largely umbilicated, whorls six in number,
round, very closely concentrically finely ribbed, aper-
tm-e small, lip simple; light brown, ribs whitish.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 31.
//hA. Ancon, Peru; Cuming. Vicinity of Lima; D'Orbigny.
An extremely interesting species of which two speci-
mens are represented, illustrative of its variation of growth.
M. D'Orbigny relates ha\-ing found it in great abundance
among the ruins of a temple erected by the ancient Incas
in honour of theu- invisible god, Pachacamac.
Species 130. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus ustulatus. Bui. testa oblongo-ovatd, subampliter
umbilicatd, anfractibus se.t, subrotundis, concentrice
rude striatis, labro simplici; iistidnto-fitscd, spiraliter
varii lineatd.
The scorched Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
largely umbilicated, whorls six in number, someu Iki
rounded, concentrically rudely striated, lip sini))le
burnt brown, variously spirally lineated.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 72.
Ilab. Charles' Island, GaUapagos (under detached pieei'
of lava) ; Cuming.
The lineated pattern of tliis species is somewhat variable
but it is always characterized by the same scorched browi
hue.
Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.)
BlLlMus MERIDIONALIS. Bid. testd cylindraceo-ovald,
teuuiculd, vij; umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, peculiariter
scubroso-incisis, prope suturas irregulariler lineari-
sidcatis, columelld atigulariter contortd, aperturd ob-
longd, kviter compressd ; sordide albd, aperture fauce
intense purpureo-rufd.
The SOUTHERN Bulimus. Shell cyliudrically ovate, rather
thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number,
pecrdiarly scabrously engraved, irregidarly linearly
grooved near the sutures ; columella angularly twisted,
aperture oblong, slightly compressed; dead white,
interior of the apertm-e rich purple red.
Hab. Chili; Bridges.
A very singular species, which appears to have escaped
the vigilant search of both Cuming and D'Orbigny. It
is very unlike any other Chilian species. Of a cyliudri-
cally oblong form, its dead white surface is curiously en-
graved with obtuse or obsolete scales, and the interior is
stained with a deep purple-red colour. The coliuuella has
a curious angidar prominence, which does not, however,
form an inner fold as in the Auricula-like species.
Species 132. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus bilineatus. Bui. testa pijramidali-iMonga,
umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, convexis, Itevibtis, aper-
turd parvd, labro simplici; fuscescente-alha, liiteis
diiabus rufescentibus cingulatd.
The two-lined Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong,
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, convex, smooth,
aperture small, lip simple ; brownish-white, encircled
by two reddish lines.
SowERBY", Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833. p. 37.
1848.
iULIMUS.— Plati: XXI.
Iliih. ^i. KIciia and Isir of I'lata, West Columbia (uiuli-r
stones, and buried at the roots of bushes) ; Cuming.
Extremely simple in form and colouring.
Species 133. (Mus. Cuming.)
IU1.IMUS LNicoLOR. Bui. testa oblmgd, subjiyramidaU,
iimiilicatd, anfraclUiiis sex, iuhrotundis, coticetitrkc
miiiiitMiime rude drialin, lain simplici ; conied, pel-
liicidd.
The iNiroLOLiiED Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat
pyramidal, umbilicated, whorls six iu number, some-
what rounded, concentrically very minutely rudely
striated, lip simple ; homy, transparent .
SowEUBY, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 73.
Ilab. Island of Perico, Bay of Panama (on dead leaves) :
Cuming.
Very similar in form and general character to the
K. irniiKlitcem and Paiiaiiiemk, and found 111 nearly the
same locality.
Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bllisils cokneus. Bui. testa ovatd, subveiitricosd, um-
bi/icatd, anfractibm quinque ad sex, rotundaiis, lavl-
bus, aul minutissime slruitis, labro smplici: conied,
pellucidd.
The hokxv Bulimus. Shell ovate, sonu'what veii-
tricosc, umbilicated, whorls five to six in imnibcr,
rounded, smooth or verj' minutely striated, li]) simple;
iiorny, transparent.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 37.
Jhb. Real Llejos, Central America (under decayed grass) ;
Cuming.
A simple transparent horny shell, the whorls licing
somewhat rounded.
Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.)
l?rLiMi s Jacobi. Bui. testd ovatd, subacuminatd, amplUer
umhilicald, aiifractibus subrotundis, lavibus, columella
supra umbilicmn partim expansd, aperlurd parviusculd,
labro .w/ipllci ; corneo-fuscescente.
The Jacob Bulimus. Shell ovate, somewhat aeuminated,
largely umbilicated, whorls rather rounded, smooth,
columella partially expanded over the umbilicus,
aperture rather small, lip simple; pale horny brown.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 7-i.
Hub. Jacob Island, Gallapagos ; Cuming.
Chiefly distinguished from the last species by its large
umbilicus, which is not seen in the figure on account of
its being partially overlaid by the columellar lip.
eeies 136. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Darwinii. BuLteatd snhgloboao-omtd, tenui-
culd, iiijlutd, muh'iVivnld. aiifractibus sex, mperne sub-
ani/ulatis, loiujlliidhudUi-r nuispicue rugatis, intersiitiis
corrugalo-striatk, culumclld mbtortd, tuberculis duobus
callos'm prominentibus armatd, aperturd subquadrato-
ovali, labro simplici ; intus extusque Jiclili-brumied.
Darwin's Bulimus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
rather thin, inllated, umbilicated, whorls six in num-
ber, slightly angulatcd round the upper pai-t, longi-
tiulinally conspicuously wrinkled, the interstices being
transversely corrugately striated, columella slightly
twisted, and armed with two prominent callous tu-
bercles, aperture somewhat squarely oval, lip simple,
earthy brown vnthin and without.
Pfeiffeh, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 29.
Hah. Gallapagos Islands (on bushes) ; Darwin.
It will be observed on comparing this shell with the
B. rugiferu.s and sculpturatus, that a uniform peculiarity
of wrinkled scvdpture prevails in each species ; the present
is chiefly distinguished by its globose form and by the
callosities on the columella.
Hu/.uNu.i /y XJff
4
™
B U L I ]\I U S
Species 137. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS coNSPERsus. Bul. testd omtd, tenui, smi-
pellucidd, sitbumbilicatd, anfractibus guitique, rofiiii-
datis, conceiUrice obsolete rude sti-mtis, ad suturas
crermlatis, labro simplici; Jlavicante-conied, lirwis
gtdtulisque opaco-alhk profuse, conspersd, peritreitiate
palUde rosaceo.
The besprinkled Bulimus. Sliell ovate, thin, semi-
transparent, slightly umbihcated, whorls five in num-
ber, romided, concentrically obsoletely rudely striated,
creuulated at the sutures, Hp simple ; yellowish horny
colour, profusely sprinkled with opake wliite lines
and dots, peritreme tinged with pink.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1S33, p. 73.
Hab. Lima (bm-ied in the eartli under Inishes on the
hLUs) ; Cuming.
A beautifully delicate horny species, crowded with
r-rt"octive opake-white lines and dots, with a pale rose
|icriti-eme to the aperture.
Species 138. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS AauiLUS. Bid. testa ovatd, ventricosd, lunbUi-
cntd, oiifrncfibus quhique, loiigitudiimUter creberriwe
I't siihtUitrr .slriiilis. hiti'i-slitik reticulato-pHiictatis,
labn
-""/'
'i-iiln-rii.ftaneo cdboque loiKjdiidl-
eyaid.
Haider uiidati
The swabthy Bui.imus. Shell ovate, ventricose, umbi-
licated, whorls five in number, longitudinally very
closely and finely striated, the interstices being reti-
culately punctured, lip simple ; longitudinally waved
and variegated with transparent chesnut and white,
Ilnh. Tacna, Peru.
A ])rettily marked species approaching somewhat in
character to the B. versicolor, but differing materially in
Species 139. (Mus. Cuming.)
lU'LiMUs STRiATUs. Bul. testd suhpi/ramidaU-ovatd,
ti'iiniadd, subampUter umbdkatd, anfractibus sex, un-
dique coHceidrice elevato-striatis, columelld sublate ex-
pansd, labro simplici; fuseescente-albd, lineis str>r/i.si-e
concentricis castaneis irregulariter notatd.
The STRIATED BuLiMUS. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, rather thin, somewhat lar^rly inuhiliiatnl,
whorls six innumber, concentrically ilr\.iirl\ -nMtnl
throughout, columella rather widely expanded, li|i
simple ; brownish white, irregularly marked with
concentric chesnut-brown lines and streaks.
King, Zool. Journal.
Hah. Lima (upon the hills) ; Cuming.
Peculiarly barred Iiere and there in the most irregular
manner with dark chesnut brown.
Species UO. (Mus. Cuming.)
BvLiMUS EROSUS. Bid. testd omtd, subampUter luubiUcutd,
spird breviusculd, acuminatd, anfractibus sex, ventri-
cosis, longitudinaliter suhrugoso-striatis ; diaphano
fiLwesceide, strigis maculisque opaco-albis aspersd, apice
pallide rosacea.
The ERODED BuLTMUs. Shell ovate, somewhat largeh
umbilicated, spu-e rather short, acuminated, whorls
six in nmnber, ventricose, longitudinally somewiiat
roughly striated ; light diaphanous brown, sprinkled
with opake wliite streaks and spots, apex pale pink.
Bboderip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 106.
Hab. Huantajaya, near Iquiqui, Peru (under stones on tlie
hills, 3,500 feet above the level of the sea) ; Cuming.
The detail of character is not much imlike that of B.
conspersus, but it is a shell of larger size and much more
solid growth.
Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.)
BiLiMUS albicans. Bul. testd ovatd, umbiUcatd, anfrac-
tibus qniiique, veidricosis, subrugoso-striatis, columelld
snb,:rpnnsd, opaco-alMcante, hie illic diaphand, aper-
tnrff fauce fidvescente.
The white Bulimus. Shell ovate, umbilicated, whorls
five in number, ventricose, somewhat roughly striated,
columella rather expanded; opake-white, here and
there diaphanous, interior of the aperture fulvous.
Bboderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 10.5.
Hah. Copiapo, Chili (in the dry sand on elevated ground
near the Port); Cuming.
This species partakes in great measure of the characters
BULIMUS.— Plate XXII.
of B. compersus and erosus, but is, I believe, sufliciently
distinct.
Species 142. (Mus. Cuniing.)
BcLiMUs APODEMETES. Bid. tedd ovatd, tenui, injlatd,
vix umblUcatd, anfradibm qiiinque, subrugoso-siriatis,
0, aperturd subampld, labro tenui ;
The exile Bulimls. Shell ovate, thin, inflated, scareeW
nmbilicated, whorls five in number, rather roughly
striated, last whorl very much the largest, aperture
somewhat large, lip thin ; whitish.
D'Okbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 279.
Hub. Bolivia, &e. ; D'Orbigny.
I must refer the reader for a better illu.stration of this
species to the above-mentioned magnificent work by JI.
D'Orbigny, the present uncoloured specimen giving no
other idea of it than that of form. In reference to colour
M. D'Orbigny says, " the tints arc extremely variable
according to the localities ; at Parana the shell is pale-
yellow or dotted, often marked with transverse lines of
marbled white and clear brown, with indications of distant
clear brown longitudinal lines ; at Chiquitos, on the other
hand, it is distinguished by longitudinal brown bands
only, wliich are then more conspicuous."
Species 143. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS STRIATULUS. Bill, kdu pijramidali-ovatd, tenui,
diaplmnd, compicue iinibilicatd, anfradibm rotimdatis,
pulcherrime erebemme concentrice elevato-striatis,
columelld reflexd, labro siuiplid ; pallidi corned, trans-
liiddd, atriis opaco-albis, fasciis plurimin albidii inter-
ruplis dnffulald.
The finely striated Bulimus. Shell pvTamidally
ovate, thin, diaphanous, conspicuously umbilieatcd,
whorls rounded, very beautifully closely concentrically
elevately striated, columella refiected, lip simple ;
pale horny colour, transparent, the stria; opake-
white, encircled with numerous interrupted whitish
bands.
SoWERBY, Pro. Zool. Sec, 1833, p. 73.
BulinvM D'Orbignii, Pfeiffer,
llab. Lima (under stones on the hills) ; Cuming.
A beautiful species, distinguished by the delicate aspect
of its fine opakc-white striiE upon a transparent honiy
ground.
Fig. a is a representation of the specimen upon which
Mr. Sowerby founded the species, and Fig. b is the shell
described by Dr. Pfeiffer under the name B. B'Orbignii.
Species 1 '14. (Mus. Cuming.)
BVLIJIUS CUTTATUS. Bul. tedd pyramidali-oblongd, sub-
fiidformi, umbiUcatd, apice papillari, anfradibm sex,
lungiludinaliter rugoso-driat'm, ad sittura.^ crenulatii ;
fulvo-fiisceacente, guttis apacu-albis longittidinniiter
notatd, apice rosaceo-fuscd.
The mottled Bulimus. Shell pyramidally-oblong,
somewhat fusiform, nmbilicated, apex papilLm,
whorls six in number, longitudinally rugosely striated,
erenulated at the sutures ; pale fulvous-brown, longi-
tudinally marked with opake-whitc speckles; apex
pinkish-brown.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 31.
Hub. Cobija; Cuming.
This species like others of the plate is characterized by
a sprinkling of opake-white spots, and it is distinguished
by its papillary apex.
/y////>////,v. prjMF.
4
^
4
B U L I M U S
Species 145. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS DISCREPANS. Bid. testd acumiiiato-oblongd,
tenui, anfraetibm sex, leecilius, aut sub lente minutis-
sime transversim Impresso-striatis, labro simpUci ;
lacted, linekfuscis siMistantibim oblique pidd.
The differing Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
thin, whorls six in number, smooth, or, under the
lens, very minutely transversely impressly striated,
lip simple ; cream colour, obliquely painted with
tather distant brown lines.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 73.
Hab. Conchagua, Central iVmerica (I'ound under the bark
of a tree); Cuming.
Distinguished by its painting of delicate brown lints,
which are placed, for the most part, at equal distances
from each other.
Species 146. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Montagnei. Bui. testa acummato-
tenuiculd, vix nmbilicatd, anfradibus septem, lavibus,
subrotmidis, labro sinipUci ; albidd, strigis pundisque
cifruho-myncantibm longitudinaliter pidd, apertura
fnuce liitescente.
Montagne's Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, rather
tliin, scarcely umbihcated, whorls seven in number,
smooth, somewhat rounded, lip simple ; whitish,
painted longitudinally with bluish black dots and
streaks, interior of the aperture yellowish.
IVOrbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Me'rid. Moll. p. 286.
pi. 33. f. 7. "
Hab. Chilon, Bolivia (under dead trunks of Cadi) ;
Bridges.
I take this shell to be the B. Montagnei of D'Orbigny
from its very accm-ate resemblance with his Fig. 7 of that
species.
Species 147. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Huascensis. Bui. testa acuminato-oblongd,
subampliter nmhilicatd, anfraetibm sex, rotundatis,
concentrice irregulariler rugoso-striatis, suturis subpro-
fundis, labro simplici ; ccerulescente-albd.
The Huasco Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, rather
largely umbdicated, whorls six in number, roundeii,
concentrically, irregularly, roughly striated, sutures
rather deep, lip simple ; bluish-white.
Hab. Huasco, Chili ; Bridges.
A small species collected by Mr. Bridges which is not
exactly referable to any of those discovered by Mr. Cuming
or M. D'Orbigny.
Species 148. (JIus. Cuming.)
Bulimus bubescens. Bui. testa subacuminato-oratd,
umbilicatd, anfradibus sex, rotundatis, concentrice ru-
goso-striatis, labro simplici ; albidd, lineisfuscescentibus
longitudinaliter irregulai'iter notatd, columella et nper-
lurafauce purpureo-roseis.
The blushing Bulimus. Shell somewhat acuminutcly
ovate, umbilicated, whorls six in number, rounded,
concentrically roughly striated, lip simple ; whitish,
irregularly marked with light brown longitvidinal
lines, columella and interior of the apertui-e purple-
rose,
Hab. South America.
A characteristic new species, distinguished by the deli-
cate purple-rose bloom which lines the interior.
Species 149. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus unifasciatus. Bui. testa sulpyramidali-ovaUi,
tenui, corned, umbilicatd, anfradibus sex, longitudina-
liter subtiliter striatis, labro simplici ; luteo-fuscescente,
fascia angustd, unicd, stramined medio cingulatd.
The one-banded Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, thin, horny, umbilicated, whorls six in number,
longitudinally finely striated, li]) simple ; yellowish-
brown, encii-cled round the middle by a single narrow
straw-coloured band.
SowERBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1833. p. 37.
Hab. Charles's Island, GaUapagos (found under detached
pieces of lava) ; Cuming.
A semi-transparent homy shell, mainly distinguished by
a narrow pale straw-coloured band by which it is encircled
throughout.
June, 1848.
i}UL[:\iL's.— ri.ATK XXII
Species 150. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bl'LIMls M'x. Bui. testa pyramidali-ovatd, umbilicatd,
aii/ractiiiis geptem, concentrice rude corrugato-atrialia,
apertitrd subquaJrato-omld,pmdulum effusd; olivaceo-
fuicd, rufescente tiiictd, apice nigricante, apertiira
faiice cetruleicente-atlid, prope marginem fused.
The nut Buldius. Sliell pyramidally ovate, umbiliaited,
whorls seven in nmnber, concentrically rudely stria-
ted in a wrinkled manner, aperture somewhat squarely
ovate, slightly effused; olive-browii, stained with
rusty red, blackish at the apex, interior of the aper-
ture bluish-wliite, brown near the edge.
I5it0DERii>, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, p. 125.
Halj. Charles's Island, Gallapagos (on buslies); Cuming.
The aperture of this species is fi-equently compressed at
the sides so as to give it a somewhat square aspect. '
Specie-s 151. (Mus. Cuming.)
lU'LlMUs DEKELICTUS. Bul. testd acumiiiato-ovatd, am-
pliter umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, subrotundatis, siibti-
lissimi granoso-striaiis, columella labroqiie expamis,
apice papillari; corneo-albidd, opaco-albo hie ilUc
compersd.
The forsaken Bulimus Shell acuminately ovate,
largely umbilicated, whorls six in number, somewhat
rounded, very finely granosely striated, lip and colu-
mella expanded, apex papillary ; flesh-white, sprinkled
here and there with opake-white.
Bkoderip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 107.
JM. Cobija; Cuming.
The name attached to this slieU is intended to denote
the soUtary habitat in which it was found by Mr. Cuming,
on flat rocks without soil or verdure, all being desolate for
a league around. M. D'Orbigny notices having collected
it of a pinky hue, at a gi-cater elevation upon some lichens
and raetuscs.
Species 152. (Mus. Cuming.)
Hllimis vexilllm. Bul. testd oblonyo-ovatd, corned,
lubpeltucidd, anfractibuH quinque, lamjatis, nitidis;
tideu-aWicante,fasciis plurimis castanets cingulatd.
The flag Bulimls. Shell oblong-ovate, horny, scmi-
Iransparcnt, whorls five in number, smooth, shining;
yellowish-white, encircled by numerous chesnut
bauds.
Bkodkrii', Pro. Zool. Soc, 1832, ]>. 105.
Hab. King's and Saboga Islands, Bay of Panama (on the
trunks of large trees) ; Cuming.
This comparatively well-known species has, 1 believe,
been called B. allernatus by Dr. Beck, in consequence of
Mr. Broderip's name having been formerly applied by
Bruguiere to the shell commonly known as Ackatina vexil-
lum. M. Deshayes docs not, however, think there is any
necessity for this change, and lest it might add to the
confusion I have avoided it.
Species 153. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLi.Mus PESSULATUS. Bul. testd ovatd, tenui, injlatd,
uiifrcwtibm quinque, rotundalis, ventricosis, la>vibut,
lubro simplici ; pelhicido-corwA, epidermide ferrugineo-
ulbo opaco, cantmieo longitudhialiter strigatd, sirigis
distantibus, conspicuis.
The cross-barred Bulimus. Shell ovate, thin, inflated,
whorls five in number, rounded, ventricose, smooth,
lip simple ; transparent horny, covered by a nisty
white opakc epidermis, crossed with conspicuous
di.stant longitudinal streaks.
Hab. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (on bushes and high
grass) ; Bridges.
This has much the appearance of being an immature
shell, but the specimens eollectf'd Ijy Mr. Bridges are all
alike, and are without doubt of adult growth.
Species 154. (Mus. Cimiiug.)
Bulimus atfinis. Bul. testd elongato-ovatd, subfusiformi ,
umbilicald, anfractibus seplem, cunvexis, longitudina-
liter rugoso-slrialis, labro simplici; pallide corned,
nuiculis strighque uudalis opaco-albis pro/use nolatd,
apice rosed.
TllE ALLIED Bulimus. Shell elongately ovate, somewhat
fusiform, umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
convex, longitudinally roughly striated, lip simple :
pale horny, profusely marked with opake-white waved
streaks and spots, pink at the apex.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832., p. 105.
Ilab. Mexilloncs, desert of Atacama, Peru (in small
crevices of the dry earth at an elevation of 2,1)00 feet
above the sea) ; Cuming.
A light transparent siii-U covered with delicate flakes of
opake-white.
Bu/u;/,/A- /'/JUT
BULIMUS.
Species 155. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs COLORATUS. Bid. testd ovatd, ventricosmiiiid,
vix HiuhiUcatd,spirdbrevi, anfractihus quinque, tumido-
coinr.vis, ptdclierrime minute promiscue granulatis, ad
mturas subtilissime cremdatis, colmnelld plied mucd
ascenderde, aperturd subampld, laliris lamind callosd
junctis, peritremate compime rejkxo ; albidd, flammis
luteis longitudinalibiis, maculis strigisve nigricantibm
umbratis, epidermide oUva-ced indutd, apicem versus
castaned, columelld labrogue roseis.
The coloured Bulimus. Shell ovate, veiy ventricose,
scarcely umbilicated, spire short, whorls five in nuin-
ber, tumidly convex, very beautifully minutely pro-
miscuously granulated, very finely crenulated at the
sutures, columella with a single ascending fold, aper-
ture rather large, outer and columellar lips connected
by a callous lamina on the body whorl, peritreme
conspicuously reflected; whitish, with longitudinal
yellow flames shaded with blackish spots or streaks,
covered by an olive epidermis, chesnut-coloured
towards the apex, lip and columella deep rose.
Nyst, BuU. de I'Acad. Royale de Bruxelles, vol. xii. lere
partie, pi. 1. i.i a,b.
Hab. Province of Cumana, Colombia ; Funck.
A. truly interesting species collected by M. Funck, the
South American traveller, in the interior of Colombia,
and first described by M. Nyst in the Transactions of the
Royal Academy of Bnissels, from a specimen of much
younger and more pellucid growth than those before me.
The most characteristic features of the species are its
beautifully granulated surface and richly shadowed undu-
lated painting, whilst the lip is of a deep rose colour, and
the interior lined with a delicate pinkish bloom, through
which the outer pattern is discernible.
Species 156. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Lamaeckianus. Bid. testd ovatd, ventricosis-
simd, vix umbilieatd, spird brevi, anfractibus quinque,
subplano-convexis, minute promiscue ubtuso-granulatis,
ad suturas subtilissime cremdatis, columelld plica unicd
ascendente, aperturd subampld, peritremate conspicue
rejlexo ; pallide livido-fiiscescente, punctis grandibus
castaneis hie illic piperatd, epidermide olivaced indutd,
peritremate livido-fusco.
June,
Lamarck's Bulimus. Shell ovafe, very ventricose,
scarcely umbilicated, spire short, whorls five in num-
ber, rather flatly convex, minutely promiscuously
obtusely granulated, very finely crenulated at the
sutures, columella with a single ascending fold, aper-
ture rather large, peritreme conspicuously reflected ;
pale livid brown, peppered here and there with large
chesnut dots, covered with an olive-brown epidei'mis,
peritreme livid brown.
Pfeiffer, Mouog. Bid.
Ilab. Andes of New Granada (at an elevation of about
8,000 feet) ; Funck.
So closely does this species approximate to the pre-
ceding, that I feel somewhat doubtful of the propriety of
retaining it ; they appear to diil'er, so far as may be judged
by a comparison of the specimens here figured, but it i.s
easy to conceive that a larger series would reveal a much
closer aflinity between them.
Species 157. (Mus. Dennison.)
Bulimus pardalis. Bui. testd oblongo-ovali, subventricoau,
crassiuscidd, anfractibus quinque, siiboblique convolutis,
apicem versus minutissime creberriml obtuso-granuhdis,
per suturas undique longitudinaliter crenulat'm, colu-
melld contortd, fortiter uniplicatd, labro coiMpicui re-
Jlexo ; purpurascente-fuscd, longitiuUnaHter albiflau-
matd, epidermide lidescente-olivaced indutd, cohtmdld
et peritremate albis.
The panther Bulimus. Shell oblong-oval, rather ven-
tricose, somewhat thick, whorls five in number, rather
obliquely convoluted, very minutely and closely ob-
tusely granulated towards the apex, longitucUnally
crenulated throughout along the sutures, columella
twisted, with a strong winding plait, lip conspicu-
ously reflected ; purplish-brown, longitudinally flamed
with white, and covered by a yellowish olive epi-
dermis.
De Ferussac, Hist. MoU. terr. et fluv. pi. 112. f. 7. 8.
Bulimus Venezuelensis, Nyst.
Bulimus afrapoides, Jonas.
Hab. Cumana, Venezuela ; Funck. Varinas, Venezuela ;
Dyson.
It is somewhat difficult to recognise this species by the
figure of M. De Ferussac, it being only known to the illus-
trious author of the ' Histoii-e des Coquilles Terrestres '
181.8.
BULBIUS.— Plate XXIV.
ill a smaller state deprived of epidermis. The speeimeii
lierc represented, is from the choice colleetioii of Mr.
Dciinison, and Mr. Cuming possesses it almost equally
fine, selected from the stores of Mr. Dyson obtained during
a recent expedition to Venezuela.
The journey performed by Mr. Dyson in this fertile
district of South America, in search of objects of natural
histor)-, was undertaken tlirough the generosity of a limited
number of zoological friends, who, with the hope of eii-
ricliing their collections, were at the same time desirous of
cucour^ing the zeal of a young naturalist distinguished
by his love of adventure. Though not perhaps a very
profitable excursion, he collected many interesting species,
and has no doubt gratefully responded to the patronage
of his friends.
Species 158. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bllimis Thompsoni. Bui. testa subeloiigato-oblongd,
imperforatd, apice obtusa, anfractibus sex, longiludina-
liter striatis, per suturas plmw-crenulath, columella
recta vel paululum arcuatd, labro vie reflexo ; livido-
riaered, epidermide carried, nitidd, olivaceo-mridi
iudutd, apice rufescenle, anfractuuvi margine superiorl
crenulato aliicante, apertura fauce cetrulescente, juxta
peritremapurpxireo-nigricante, labrk lamina nigricante-
lividd callosd junctis.
Thompson's Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongately ob-
long, imperforated, obtuse at the apex, whorls six in
number, longitudinally striated, flatly crennlated along
the sutures, columella straight or a little curved, lip
but slightly reflected ; livid ash colour, covered with
a shining horny olive-green epidennis, reddish towards
the apex, upper crenulated edge of the whorls whitish,
interior of the aperture bliush, purple-black towards
tlie peritrcme, lips joined by a callous blackish livid
lamina.
I'fkiffer, Pro. Zool. Soe., 18^5, p. 7 t.
Ihh. Andes of Quito.
A very distinct species remarkable for the same shining
horny green epidermis which characterizes the Helix Busbii.
(Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pi. 164. fig. 11.)
Species 159. (Mus. Cuming.)
HlLlMUS SuoNol. Bui. testd pgramidali-obloiigd, crassd,
imperforatd, anfractibus sex, lavibus, per suturas sub-
crenulati.1, labro reflexo ; fuscescente, epidermide corned
rufo-ca-itaned iudutd, anfractuum margine superiori
albicante, columelldet apertura fauce intense aurantio-
rufis, peritremate albicante.
Shong's Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, thick,
imperforated, whorls six in number, smooth, slightly
crenulated along the sutures, lip reflected ; light
brown, covered with a horny reddish chesnut
epidermis, upper edge of the whorls whitish, colu-
mella and interior of the aperture deep orange red,
pcritreme whitish.
Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, Moll. p. 321. pi. 7. f. 4, 5.
Hob. New Zealand.
A shell of not uiieommon occui-rence, always distin-
giushed by the deep orange red colouring of the aperture
and rich chesnut epidermis, whilst there is no plait on the
columella.
It was first discovered by M. Lesson, during the Voyage
of the Coquille, at the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, and
named after one of the native Chiefs of that district.
Subsequently M. Lesson thought to have recognised his
species in Chemnitz's figm'e, Conehyl. Cab. vol. ix. pi. 121.
f. 1039-40, under the title Helix auris-Midte and in De
Ferussac's figure of the B. auris-boviuus, Hist. MoU. terr.
et fluv. pi. 159. f. 1, 2, but it is perfectly distinct from
these, which (vide PI. XXX.) are also distinct from each
other, and the honoured name of the New Zealand Chief
remains to posterity.
Species 160. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS FULMINANS. Bul. testd obkmgd, apicem versus
pecuUariter acuminatd, anfractibus quinque, oblique
convolutis, undii/nt' lotigitudinaliter et reticulata cor-
rugatis, coliimeUufortitcr uniplicatd lajbro late reflexo ;
fmmo-fuscd, suhpeUucidd, strigis longitudinalibus acute
angulatis intense castaneis conspicue ornatd.
The lightning Bulimus. Shell oblong, peculiarly
acuminated towards the apex, whorls five in number,
obliquely convoluted, longitudinally and reticulately
wrinkled throughout, columella strongly one-plaited,
lip widely reflected ; smoky brown, somewhat trans-
])arent, conspicuously ornamented with sharply
angled, dark chesnut longitudinal streaks.
NvsT, Bull, de I'Aead. Royale de BruxeUes.
Bulimus bellulus, Jonas.
Bulimus Loeveni, PfeifFer.
Bab. Colonia de Tovar, Venezuela ; Dyson.
A somewhat rare species rather sharply acuminated
towards the apex, of a peculiar semitransparent smoky
brown colour, marked with sharply zigzag longitudinal
chesnut streaks.
Bn/t//,N.y /'/ XIT.
BULIMUS
Species IGl. (Fig. a and h. Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS Blainvilleanus. Bui. tesld ovata, spird bre-
vlssima, anfractibns (jidnque, injlatk, subohlique convo-
lutis, undiqiie pukherrinie longitudiiialiter et reticulate
corrugatis, columella fortlter wupUcald, lalro late
reflexu ,• fumeo-ficscd, stiigis castaneis acute angulatis
loiigitudinaliter pictd, epidermide sultilmime corrugatd
vii-idi luteo-punticulatd indutd.
De Blainville's Bulimus. ShcU ovate, spire very
short, whorls five in number, inflated, somewhat ob-
liquely convoluted, very beautifully longitudinally
and reticulately wrinkled throughout, columella
strongly one-plaited, lip widely reflected; smoky-
brown, longitudinally painted with sharply zigzag
chesnut streaks, covered with a very finely wrinkled
epidermis, of a green colour sometimes dotted with
yellow.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bui.
Hah. Zaji, Province of Merida, New Granada; Funck,
Linden.
This very beautiful species has precisely the sculpture,
colour, and marking of the B.fuhninam, overlaid by a
remarkable epidermis of a dark green colour, sometimes
minutely yellow-dotted, deposited in fine wiinkles resem-
bling those which may frequently be observed on oil-
painting that has been exposed to the heat of the sun.
It differs in form, being shorter and of a more inflated
growth, but is a curious approximation to it in other
respects.
Species 163. (Mus. Cu
Bulimus Moritzianus. Bui. testa ohlongo-ovatd, veiitri-
cosd, anfractibns sex, couvexi-s, Irecibus, ad suturas
exiliter cremtlatis, columelld fortiter unipUcatd, labro
reflexo ; fused, lutescente-albo scepe loiigitudinaliter
uudato-strigatd, epidermide olivaceo-viridi, nunc lavi-
gatd, nunc corrugatd, inJiitd, cohmeUd labroque inter-
dum vivide rvfo-auraidid. iiifvrtluni fiiiiieo-fuscd.
MoRiTz's Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose,
whorls six in number, convex, smooth, faintly cre-
nulated at the sutures, columella strongly one-
plaited, lip reflected ; brown, often longitudinally
streaked with yellowish white in zigzag pattern,
covered with an oUvc green epidermis, sometimes
smooth, sometimes wrinkled, lip and columella bright
reddish-orange or smoky brown.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bui.
Hab. Chachopo, Province of Jlerida, New Granada (in
the woods) ; Funck, Linden.
A fine new species of which Mr. Cuming possesses
several examples varying in colour and painting between
those selected for illustration. Tiie rich dark green epi-
dermis and deep orange lip and columella present an
effective contrast.
Species 163. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Caledonicus. Bui. testa subfusiformi-oblongd,
crassissimd, anfraetibus sex, subdepressis, Icevibus, colu-
melld valde incrassatd, medio depressd, deinde productd
et tumidd, parte superiori tuberculo calloso munitd,
aperturd auriculatd, contractd, labro incrassato, iion
reflexo, superni late sinuato ; fuscescente-albd, epider-
mide castaned uitidd indutd, columelld labroque albidls,
apertur(B fauce intense sanguineo-rufd.
The New Caledonia Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusi-
formly oblong, very thick, whorls six in number,
rather depressed, smooth, columella very much
thickened, depressed in the middle, then produced
and swollen, upper part furnished with a caUou.s tu-
bercle, aperture auriculated, contracted, lip thickened,
not reflected, broadly sinuated above; brownish-
white, covered with a shining chesnut epidermis, lip
and columella whitish, interior deep blood red.
Petit, Magasin de Zoologie.
Hai. New Caledonia.
A remarkable species, chiefly distinguished by the
curious aui-iculated structure of the aperture ; there is no
plait on the columella, but a prominent callous wai-t or
tubercle. The lip is not reflected but pressed over the
aperture, and towards the upper part is characterized by a
deep sinus. Were this sing-ularity of growth not proved
to be constant in the species, it might have been regarded
as an unnatural distortion. We are indebted to M. Petit,
a zealous conchologist of Paris, for having described this
species, and I have to thank hira for sending me a speci-
men which accords in all respects with those in Mr.
Cmnins's collection.
BULIMUS.— Plate XXV.
Species 1G4. (Mus. Ciuning.)
BULIMCS ALRIs-SlLENI. Bill, kstd ovalo-oblougd, apkem
eerstti abbreviato-tiimidd, anfractibm quatuor, corru-
gato-atrialk, mtirotuiidalk, oblique conmhtis, columelld
fortimmi umplicatd, plica valde prodiictd, labro late
refiexo ; fithd, drigis nigricunte-viridibm longilxidina-
liter umlatd, epidermide luteo-olimced ii/dntd, columelld
tabroqiie albitt.
The Silems' Ear Bulimls. Shell ovately oblong,
abbrcviateiy swollen towards the apex, whorls four
in number, striated in a wrinkled manner, somewhat
rounded, obliquely convoluted, columella very
strongly plaited, extremely produced, lip widely
reflected ; fulvous, longitudinally waved with blackish
green stripes, and covered with a yellowish-olive
epidermis, lip and columella white.
Brvgviere, Enc. Meth. vol. i. p. 345.
Aiiris Sileni, Born.
llelij; Auris-Sileni, De Ferussac.
Auricula caprella, Lamarck.
Caryckimii nndulatmn, T^eaeh.
PlekocJwiliin itiidiilutnx, (iuildiug.
Hab. ?
This is without doubt the original Auris Sileni of tin-
Vienna Museum, of which a characteristic representation
is given by Born and Chemnitz, and not the shell des-
cribed by Lamarck under the name Auricula Sileni. It is
a short thick shell of tumid growth, distinguished by a
remarkably prominent plait on the columella and bold
oval aperture with rudely reflected lip.
Ji///////u.y P7 XXVI
X.^
'W^'
.^ ^^
B U L ni u s
Species l(i5. (Mas. Wliite.)
JiULiMUs Adamsoni. Bid. tnstdsuhfusifonni-ovatd,ventri-
rosa, spird acuminatd, pyramidali, anfractibus sex ad
septem, Icevibus vel oiliqiie temdsiriatis ; columelld sub-
rectd, aperturd paululum effusd, labro vix reflexo ;
violaceo-cinered, basin reniis snbofirnced, fmro Jiic.
ilfir sparsim liehnlnlii, ri/hi musjitriiti cirrnlraveiite-
(iUm,olh-aceo-miinC(n,te s„l,n;.inlr nrlirnliiln niniidatd ;
ritlii iilh-rd jiiiJIiJd obsciird supra, rohniwllu piirpiiyeb-
iihiriraiil,'. pi ntrfiiiate violaceo, inliis rariih'isci'iite-ulbo.
Adamson's PiLLnius. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
ventricose, spire acuminated, pyramidal, whorls sLx
to seven in number, smooth or obliquely finely stri-
ated ; columella nearly straight, apertiu-e a little
cfi'used, lip scarcely retiected ; violet ash coloiu", olive-
tinted towards the base, sparingly clouded here and
tliere with brown ; encircled by a conspicuous blue-
white fillet, rather remotely articulated with olive-
black, there being another pale obscure fillet above,
columella purple-black, pcritrenie violet, bluish wliite
within.
llab. Base of the Purremo, near the volcano of Tolynia,
on the eastern slope of the Andes.
This magnificent species was purchased many years
since, with the above locality, by John Adamson, Esq., of
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and no other specimen has since been
heard of. The coOection of that gentleman having been
recently dispersed, it has fallen into the possession of
another eminent amateur conchologist, Henry Hopley
White, Esq., through whose kindness and liberality I am
enabled to publish it after a long period of obscimty.
It is of an elegant pyramidally fusiform growth, rather
ventricose and a bttle ctt'used towards the base, of a rich
olivaceous violet colour, distinguisiied by a conspicuous
white belt remotely articulated with piiv[)li'-black, and the
pcritreme of the aperture is of a rich vinlct.
Species 16(5. (Mus. Dennison.)
Bl'LIMUS Dennisoni. Bui. testa aciimi/utto-matd, veil-
tricosd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, snperne subconcavo-
depressd, siiperficie striis rugosis midique siiblilissiiiw
(tecufsatd, aiijruclu uLtinw perainplu, injlatu, cvtiiuielld
subrectd, aperturd oblomjd, lairo vix reflexo ; supra
ceeruleo-alhicante, niyricante-viridi variegatd et punc-
tata, infra liilrn-nlirdmi, puiivli^ sirigisqiir hrevibus
undatis iiii/ri<'ii,ili--nriililiii.s, tiile
natis, pidchfrrirM picl
liitcrc illimd-
iilatii, quanmt
irferiori subobscnrd, peritremate fasco, iiitus caruleo-
albicante.
Dennison's Bulimus. ShcU aeuminately ovate, ventri-
cose, whorls five to six in nmnber, slightly concavely
depressed round the upper part, the entire surface
being very finely decussated with rough strioe, re-
ticulated, last whorl very large, inflated; columella
nearly straight, apcrtiu-e oblong, lip scarcely reflected ;
bluish white above, variegated and dotted with
blackish gi-een, beneath yellomsh olive, very beau-
tifully painted with dots and short-waved streaks of
blackish green, illuminated along one side with
yellow, and encircled by two whitish zones of which
the lower is somewhat obsciu'e, pcritreme brown, in-
terior bluish white.
Hab. ?
Another fine species, from probably the same fertile
region, of which, I believe, only two specimens arc known ;
one, here figured, in the collection of J. Dennison, Esq. ;
the other, very much worn and discoloured, in the British
Museum. It approximates closely to the preceding species
in general appearance, but differs materially in its details.
In the B. Jdamsoid the whorls form a nearly straight
pyramidal cone, in the B. Dennisoni they are more ventri-
cose and less pyramidally disposed, whilst the last is
proportionably larger, more oblong, and more inflated.
The texture of the two shells is dissimilar ; the former is
smooth or obliquely striated and appears to have a thin
horny stratum of semi-transparent epidermis, the latter is
finely decussated with rough uneven striae in a manner
which is rarely if ever observed beneath a horny epidermis.
The difterence of colouring is best described in the accom-
panying di-awings ; they are two elegantly painted shells
and, as species quite uuapproached by any hitherto de-
scribed, constitute a most interesting and valuable addition
to the genus.
liu/intii.s n nr/i
BULIMUS
S|H-fiL-s 1«7. (Fig;. Ki? ", Mils. Dennisou. Fig. Ki? i,
Mus. Cuming.)
KrLiMVS PowisiANUS. Btd. testa acttminato-oblongd,
cra-sm, apice obtusd, mifraclibm lavihtis, nitidis, vix
striutis ; columella sul/arcuatd, aperturd parviusculd,
pauhdiim effusd, lahro incrassalo, vix rejlexo ; fidves-
rmtr-siiail'imi. slri./is ;n;-,j,>lunhii^ ,:Mh/,,is, iil,/nnnitf-
cirulihi'.s, vnnjiih, iniir,, in „,ifn,rt,> „ll,„i<j, a^usj>iciir
pictd, intcrduiii biiMuculatd, chujidu laittiim, cutiiinclld
lajbroqm intense purpureo-violaceis, peritretnate uir/ri-
cante, apice ru/o-castatieo.
I'ovvis' BuLiMUS. Shell acumiiiately oblong, thick, ob-
tuse at the apex, whorls smooth, shining, scarcely
striated, columella slightly arched, aperture rather
small, a little eiFused, lip thickened, but slightly
reflected ; Mvous bay, conspicuously painted with
irregular, oblique, blackish-green streaks, and a single
belt round the last whorl, sometimes unspotted, with
the belt only, lip, and columella deep purple violet,
peritreme blackish, apex reddish chesnut.
Petit, Magasin de Zool.
ffab. VaUe de Cauca, New Granada
Tliis very beautiful and rare species approximates in a
manner to the B. regiiia which follows ; it is of a less
acuminated fonn, of extremely solitl structure, and, ex-
cepting the lip and columella, the pattern of colouring is
dissimilar. Of the specimens here represented, that from
the collection of Mi\ Dennison is distinguished by its rich
painting of irregular black-green stripes upon a fulvous-
bay ground ; in Mr. Cimiing's specimen the ground coloui-
is unspotted, but in both examples the last whorl is en-
circled by a characteristic uan'ow Ijclt of the same dark
colour as the stripes.
Species 168. (Pig. a, A, c. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMCS REGINA. Bid. testd subelongato-oblongd, sape
shiistrali, spird pyramidali-acuminatd, apice obtttsa ;
aufractibus septem ad octo. Iambus vel oblique temd-
striatis, columelld subeontortd, labro simplici ; fidves-
cente-albd, anfractibus supernefiisco mridique variegatis
et articulatis, inferne nifescetdibus aut purpureo-nigri-
cantibiis, columelld et apertura fauce ttiterdum nlbis,
iidenliti/i intense violaceis, nigro iimrgiiudis.
The fiUEEN BuiJMi;s. Shell somewhat elongately oblong,
often sinistral, spire pyramidally acuminated, obtusi-
at the apex ; whorls seven to eight in number, smooth
or obliquely finely striated, columella slightly twisted,
lip simple; fulvous white, whorls variegated and
articidated at the upper part with brown or green,
greenish, or purple-black at the lower, apertm-e and
columella sometimes white, sometimes deep violet,
edged with black.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 357. i)l.29.
f. -1, .5.
Hdix regina, De Ferussac.
AcUathia perversa, Swaiuson.
Achatbia imlanostoma, Swaiuson.
Eadem? BuUmus pldogerm, D'Orbigny.
Hab. Fig. 168 «. Interior of Peru ; Poeppig. Fig. 168 6.
Cho]3o, Province of Pamplona, New Granada ; Fuuck,
Linden. Fig. 108 c. British Guyana, Brazils. Bo-
livia; D'Orbigny.
It will be seen by the above-mentioned localities that
the Bidimus regina inhabits a wide range of country, and,
by the figures, that it is found under very different aspects,
having in some localities a dextral, in others a sinistral
growth.
I quite agree with M. D'Orbigny in the propriety of
refereing this species to the genus under consideration
rather than to Acliatina ; the columella is never strictly
truncated, and the shell has all the texture, form, and
colouring of a Bulimus.
Figure 90 b. (Mus. Dennison.)
BuLiMcs ZEBRA. This species is also found under so
many different aspects, that I thought it desirable to figure
a singidar vaiiety from the collection of Mr. Dennison, of
which that gentleman possesses several examples exactly
similar, brought by some vessel into Liverpool, but he
is not aware from whence. It is of a remarkably solid
gi-owth, heavy as porcelain, and has no indication of the
green which predominates more or less in most varieties.
The upper part of the whorls is white, the lower encircled
by a broad band of light rust colovu-, and towards the
aperture the whorl is crossed by numerous concentric dark
streaks.
July, 1848.
Byhmu,^ PI ..UVJR
BULIMUS,
Plate XXVIII.
Species 160. (Fig. 160 b. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS FULMiNANs. The shell here represented is
that in Mr. Cuming's collection, described by Dr. Pfeifl'er
under the name of B.Loveni, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847, p.329.
It is without doubt identical with the B. fulminant de-
scribed at PI. XXIV., though lighter in structure and of
less acuminated growth.
Species 169. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus Milleri. Bui. testa ovato-ohlongd, spird sui-
obtiisd, anfractibus (luinqiie, tumidiusculis, oblique con-
volutis, aperturd subcontractd, labro refl^xo ; castmeo-
fuicd, epidermide sericed, tramverdm minute granuloso-
crispatd, indutd, peritremate rosea.
Miller's Bulimus. Shell ovately oblong, spire rather
obtuse, whorls five in number, rather swollen, ob-
liquely convoluted, aperture somewhat contracted,
lip reflected ; chesnut-brown, covered with a silken
epidermis, which is transversely minutely granulously
crisped, peritreme rose-coloured.
SowERBY, Conch. rUus. f. 94.
Eab. Brazil.
This beautifid species is mainly distinguished by its
exquisite silken epidermis, which exhibits two or three
bands towards the base, not of colour, but of light and
shade, as in a shot-silk.
Species 170. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS AURIS-MlD/E. Bul. testd obloi/ffo- rel elom/tilu-
ovatd, subcompressd, anfractibus sex, hrrilmx mil inw-
gulariter rugoso-striafm, ultimo valde iiiiijnn-, cnlnnirltii
callosd plicmformi, interdum duabus, muuitd, iqwrturd
ampld ; fulvescente-albd, epidermide olivaceo-castaned
indutd, aperturee fauce rufescente-croced, peritremate
laded.
The Midas' ear Bulimus. Shell oblong or elongately
ovate, a little compressed, whorls six in nmmber,
smooth or iixegularly roughly striated, last whorl
very much the larger, columella furnished with a
plait-like callosity, sometimes two, aperture large ;
fulvous white, covered with an olive chesnut epider-
mis, interior of the aperture reddish chesnut, peri-
treme cream colour.
Auris-Midm terrce australis, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol.ix.
p. 43. pi. 131. f. 1039, 1040.
Bulimus fibratus. Gray.
Hab. New Caledonia.
We are informed by Chemnitz in the ninth volume of
the Cnnchylien Cabinet, published in 1786, that this shell
was known to Favanne as " a very rare Biiccitnmi from
New Holland bearing some resemblance to the false
Midas' Ear," meaning the Auricula Mida, which Bru-
guiere referred to his genus Bulimus under the same
specific title as that used by Chemnitz in reference to this.
We also learn from the same source that it was known to
English coUeetors upwards of half a century ago, as
'The Midas' Ear from New Caledonia.' Lamarck,
however, and his followers appear to have confounded
it with the B. auris-bovina, from which, as described at
PI. XXX., it is amply distinguished.
The chief variation in the growth of the present species
consists in some specimens being of an elongated form as
represented in Chemnitz, and of which a specimen exactly
agreeing with that figure is before me, and in others being
of a compressed oblong tumid growth, as in the shell re-
presented in the accompanying plate. Both varieties are
distinguished by a plait-like callosity on the columella and
the rich orange-red painting of the interior, but are equally
distinct from the B. SJtongi or auris-bovina.
Species 171. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Funckii. Bul. testd elongato-oblongd, subcylin-
draced, crassiusculd, anfrnctibus quinque ad sex, loiigi-
twli,inIHn- in
nr.s/'s .s„l,tili.s
iiihfriter nui:- .s/rii/Zis, hcrilnis
arcuatd, labru furlUer rejh.ro ; nifu-castaiied, epider-
mide olivaced crassd indutd, aperturd Uvido-fuscd,
peritremate fumeo-aurantio.
Funck's Bulimds. Shell elongately oblong, somewhat
cyUndrical, rather thick, whorls five to six in number,
longitudinally irregularly rudely striated, smooth,
very finely corrugately reticulated towards the apex ;
columella slightly arched, lip strongly reflected;
reddish chesnut, covered with a thick olive epidermis,
interior of the aperture livid brown, peritreme smoky
orange.
Nyst, Mem. Soeiete Roy ale de Liege, vol. i.
July, 1848.
BULIMrS.— Plate XXVIII.
B/ilimus snperbiis, Jonas.
Bidi/mis Caripensis, Valenciennes.
Hab. Caripi, A'cuezuela (in the crei-ices of liigh moun-
tains) ; Funck, Dyson.
First discovered by M. Funck, and subsequently by
Ml-. Dyson, who found the species in great abundance at
Claripi, Venezuela, where the natives were observed to
collect and roast the animals for food. It is a rather solid
shell of a cylindi-ically oblong form, and of a peculiar smoky
tint of colour.
At the time M. Nyst was engaged in describing this
species, it happened that Mi-. Cuming, whilst passing
tlu-ough Belgimn, observed to him that he had some re-
roUectiou of its being ab-eady described in the Zoological
.lournal, under the name B. labeo. Upon this M. Nyst,
in a subsequent notice of the species, took some consider-
able pains to exhibit the difference between the B. labeo
and Fimckii, reproducing the description and figui-e of the
former for comparison, side by side, with the latter.
M. Nyst is no doubt to be complimented for his ability
and zeal in the matter, but in so doing he unconsciously
attaches an importance to a passing conversational remark,
a mere lapsm-liiu/ua, or rather -memorice, which the
speaker never intended. The species are too far removed
from each other to admit of two opinions.
Species 173. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs MELANOCHEILUS. Bul. testd elon^ato-oblomjd,
nHbimiiilicatd, anfractibns sex, longitudhialiter nidi
driatis, per marginem superiorem crenatis, apicem
versus subiilissime corrugatis ; columelld subcontortd,
aperturd parviusculd, labro reflexo ; castaneo-brunned,
medio et infra suiuras indistincte fasciatd, epidennide
luteo-olivaoed indutd, aperture fauce et peritremate
lirid(j-iii(/ricaH(ibiis.
The black-lip Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong,
sUghtly umbibcated, whorls sis in number, longitu-
dinally rudely striated, crenated along the upper
margin, very finely corrugated ; columella a little
twisted, apertm-e rather small, lip reflected ; chesnut
brown, indistinctly banded round the middle and
beneath the sutures, covered with a yellowish oHve
epidermis, interior and peritreme of the aperture
livid-black.
Nyst, Bid. Acad. Royale de Bruxelles, vol. xii. — Extrait,
p. S. pi. 3. f. -ia, b.
Hah. Paraguay.
Cluefly remarkable for the pecubar livid black-lead hue
of the enamel, which lines the interior and peritreme of
the apertm-e.
Species 173. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus khodocheilus. Bid. testd oblongo-ovatd, spb-d
brevinscidd, anfractibns quhique, tumidiuscyulis, nndique
n/iiintitsivie granulatis ; columella subcontortd, aper-
turd superne contractd, labro expanso ,- castaned, strigis
albis longitudinalibus, peculiariter undatis et reticu-
lalis, notatd, epidermide corned lutescente indutd, peri-
tremate roseo.
The rose-lip Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate, spire rather
short, whorls five in number, somewhat swoDen, very
minutely granulated tlu-oughout ; columella sbghtly
twisted, aperture contracted round the upper part,
lip expanded ; chesnut brown, marked with longitu-
dinal white streaks which are peculiarly waved and
reticulated, covered with a yellowish horny epidermis,
peritreme rose-coloured.
Hab. BrazO.
The light waved marks which distinguish tins species
have a singular net-work-Uke appearance, and the peri-
treme of the apertm-e is a particularly deep crimson rose.
BuluNa.^-.Flim
V
u .
Sowrb,, iri .1. "nil,
B U L I M U S .
Plate XX^IX.
Species 174. (Mus. Cuming.)
Blli.ml's m.\lleatus. Bid. testa oUoiu/o-ovata, itiflatd,
spird lireiHHScuJd, ammimdd, (wfrnctUms (pduqiie lon-
(jdid'inaVdvr dritdh, traiiHri;riiiM pi-ciditirder corru-
ijatis, (uifnictii idtimo ptramplo ; cnliimdld fortiter
uniplicatd, labro hdi/ rcjU-.m ■ idhd, roslunm hie illic
sparsim irregulardiT uincidaUi. in/us hilr-iindn.
The beaten Bulimus. Slu'll (il)loiig-oviitc, inflated,
spire rather short, acuminated, whorls five in number,
longitudinally striated, transversely peculiai-ly vvi-in-
kled, last whorl very large ; columella strongly one-
plaited, lip broadly reflected ; white, sparingly and
u-rregidarly spotted here and there with chesnut, in-
terior yellowish.
Jay, Catalogue of Shells.
Hab.
The chesnut spots of this shell, which is now compara-
tively well known to roUectors, have very much the ap-
pearance (if scattered fragments of horny epidermis.
Species 175. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMis FULfiuUATUS. Bid. tfstd oMotigo-ovntd, miilil
lindd, .siihifilluld. nid'riiiiiliii.'i ijiiiiniin' hiiiifdHdhiiddi'r
,'.rdisM„ir .s/n„f,s. Inni.^rrrMu, p,r,d, order rnrrinj.di^.
cohiiacUd forlitrr innpliculd, hihru hdi njli-.n, .- idhu.
fmco lo/iyUiidinalder mulato-strii/atd, epidenmde liifeo-
oUvaced indidd, apicem versus rosacea.
The lightning-struck Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
umbilicated, somewhat inflated, whorls five in num-
ber, longitudinally very faintly striated, transversely
peculiarly wrinkled, columella strongly one-plaited,
lip widely reflected; white, longitudinally streaked
in a waved manner with brown, and covered with a
yellowish olive epidermis, pinkish towards the ape.x.
Jay, Catalogue of Shells.
r/Avr/irdm ;/n,rdis, Broderip.
}:ii/i„,/i-i ,,n„Nits, inihi, in Couch. Syst.
H(dj. Fe.J.-c l>hiu,l<.
Although the B. fidyuratus is of a more cylindrically
oblong forai than the preceding species, and of a different
colour and pattern, it is very similar in regard to scidptm-e,
and in the strongly plaited columella. The transversely
corrugated surface of these is rarely met with in the genus.
Species 176. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Hartwegii. Bid. testa elongato-obloiKjd, sub-
cylindraced, anfractibus sex, convexis, longUmUnaUter
rude striatis, per marginem crenulatis, colnmeUd an-
giista, recta, apertnrd parviuscnld, labro simpUci, vi.r
reflexo ; ustidato-spadiccd , iiiijr'ii-iiiitvd'ii^o I'lc dlic
irregidariter angusti strnji'i,'' . i,diis ri,il,tm'ide-(dbd.
Haetweg's Bulimus. Shell clnngatrlv oblong, some-
what cylindrical, whorls six in number, convex, lon-
gitudinally rudely striated, cremdated along the
margin, columella narrow, straight, aperture rather
small, lip simple, scarcely reflected; scorched bay
colour, irregularly marked here and there with narrow
streaks, interior violet-tinged white.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bid.
IM. El Catamaija, Loxa, Quito ; Hartweg.
The columella, though solidified, seems inclined to roll
back, after the manner of those species approaching to
.Midhia.
Species 177. (Fig- «■ Mus. Cuming
Dennison.)
Fig./>. Mus.
BuLTMis DowNESii. Bill, tcstd pj/ramidali-oblongd, spird
actwiimdd, apice obtitso ; anfractibus septan convexis,
murgine crandh, i-n,irndr'in- pendiarder pliriifo-nga-
tis, riigi-s h'lr dlir pl„s udnnixer hn.inli^ ■ nAiu.udla
coutortd ,d ndrorsm,,. niradd, aprrliird, siibndiuididd.
labro rejicvo; aiifractuwii, parte siiprriori ji/irjuiraxci'ide
(tut ustidato-riifesceute, rugk hie idir idbis, hiftriort
s^epissime castaneo-nigricante, coliimvUd ct perdremate
roseis, vel pallide coccineis, intiis ccerulescente-albd.
DowNEs' Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, spire
acuminated, obtuse at the apex; whorls seven in
number, convex, crenated at the edge, concentrically
peculiarly plicately wrinkled, wrinkles here and there
swollen ; coliunella twisted and curved back, aper-
ture somewhat rounded, lip reflected ; upper part of
the whorls purplish or of a burnt red colour, wrinkles
here and there white, lower part of the whorls most
frequently chesnut black, columella and peritreme rose
or scarlet-tinged, interior bluish white.
Gray, Sowerby, Conch. lUus. f. 99.
Ilab. Prince's Island, West Coast of Africa ; Praser.
July, 181S
BULIMUS.— Plate XXIX.
There are apparently two well-raarked varieties of this
species, one of a deep burnt red colour, dark chesnut-
black round the lower part, with a rose lip as in the richly
coloured specimen here figured from the collection of
Mr. Demiison; the other of a pm-plish colour, merely
brownish towards the lower part and having the lip tmged
with scarlet, as in Mr. Cuming's specimen.
Several fine examples of B. Dowtiesii were collected by
Ml-. Fraser at the above-mentioned island, during his
adventure in the unfortunate Niger Expedition.
Species 178. (Mus. Dermison.)
BuLiMiis ADRiPiGMENTUM. Btil. testd pt/ramidali-elon-
gatd, spird aeumiiiatd, anfractibus septem, Itsviim,
plano-convexis ; columelld angiistd, redd, quasi revo-
lutd, aperturd parviuscidd, labro simplici, acuto ; pe-
cidiariter rufescente-spadiced, anfractibns Jlammis hre-
vibus irregularibus erectis, cMtmieis et albk, bad cingu-
laiis, anfractu ultimo fasdd castaned laid.
The okpiment Bulimus. Shell pyramidally elongated,
spire acuminated, whorls seven in number, smooth,
flatly convex, columella narrow, straight, as if rolled
back, aperture rather small, lip simple, sharp ; of a
peeuliai' reddish bay, the whorls being encircled round
the base with irregulai- short erect chesnut and white
flames, last whorl with a broad chesnut band.
Hab. ?
A very handsome characteristic new species totally dis-
tinct from any liitherto known, for which I am indebted
to the liberality of J. Dennison, Esq., who possesses two
examples agreeing with each other in the minutest detail.
Species 179. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Favannii. Bui. testd ovatd ventricosd, undtili-
catd, spird brevinsculd, actwiinatd, suturis impresssis ;
anfractibus septem, conceutrice striatis, lesvibus, colu-
melld laid, aperturd suhcoutractd, labro vix reflexo ;
alba, maculis grandibus quadratis, rufescente-fuscis
mpenie et in/erne nebulatd.
Favanne's Bulimcs. Shell ovate, ventricose, umbili-
cated, spire rather short, acuminated, sutures im-
pressed; whorls seven in number, concentrically
striated, smooth, columella broad, aperture a little
contracted, lip scarely reflected ; white, clouded above
and below with large square reddish brown spots.
Lamarck, Aium. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 237.
Helix Favannii, Ferussac.
Bulitmis cinctus. Jay.
Hab. Eastern Islands.
Easily distinguished by its style of painting, the colour
being arranged round the upper and lower parts of the
whorls in large oblong-square blotches, generally flowing
irregularly one into the other.
Bvl(ntU6 PLIU
\^^^
B U L I M U S
Plate XXX.
Species 180. (Mus. Cuming.)
BoLiMUS AURis-vuLPiNA. Bul. testd ovald, ventricosd,
mibunMlicatd, spird subacuminatd, anfractibim septum,
tramvemm et longitudinaUter rude rugoso-drmtis,
mipenie dcpresse migulato-rotundatis et corrugato-ere-
tiatis ; columelldprofmide excavafd, bad contortd, labro
hicrassato, rude rejiexo, aperturd dtiuatd et contractd ;
sordide albd, columdld croceo-riifd, apice et aperturte
fauce pallide crocatis.
The fox-ear Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose, slightly
umbilicated, spire somewhat acuminated, whorls seven
in number, transversely and longitudinally roughly
striated, depressly angularly rounded and puckered
above ; columella deeply excavated, twisted at the
base, lip thickened, rudely reflected, npertm-e sinuated
and contracted; dead white, columella saffi'on-red,
apex and interior of the aperture faintly tinged with
saffi'on colour.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 257.
Auris vidphia, Chemnitz.
Vohda auris-valpina, DiUwyn.
Helix auru-vnlpina, Ferassac.
Hob. St. Helena.
A curious species of which several specimens have been
found in a semi-fossO state at St. Helena, supposed to
have belonged to a mollusk now extinct ; none having
been collected in a living state.
Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.)
BoLlMUS Hanleyi. Bid. testa elongato-oblongd, sub-
turritd, tenui, semipellucidd, spird a-cuminatd, sutnris
impresds; anfractibus septem, lavibus, nitentibus,
plano-cottvexis, per marginem superiorem subtiliter et
creberriitie cremilatis, cremdis in sulcis muiutis descen-
dentibus, colmnelld labroque tennihm, dmplidhns ;
rufo-castaued, intus iridescente.
Hanley's Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong, somewhat
turreted, thin, semipellucid, spii-e acuminated, sutures
impressed ; whorls seven in number, smooth, shining,
flatly convex, very finely and closely crenulated along
the upper margin, the crenules descending in fine
grooves, lip and columella thin, simple ; reddish-
chesnut, u-idescent mthin.
Pfeiffee, Monog. Bid.
Hub. ]5razil; .Miller.
A light turriculated shell of a peculiar reddish maho-
gany brown-colour, the sutures of which are somewhat
deeply impressed, whilst the upper edge of the whorls is
very finely crenidated, the crenules l)eing delicately
prolonged.
Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Spixii. Bid. testd elongato-turrild, subcyliu-
d raced, spird acuminata, apice concavo-depressd ; an-
fractibus septem, plano-convexis, loiigitiidinaliter sub-
tilissime corrugato-striatis, per marginem crenulati^ ;
columella peeuUariter incisd, aperturd parvd, labro
subincrassato, vix recurvo ; corneo-fmcd, obscure fas-
ciatd, epidermide luteo-olivaced indutd, labro et aper-
turte fauce pallide carueo-rosaceis, subiridescentibus.
Spix's Bulimus. Shell elongately tun-eted, somewhat
cyKndi-ical, spire acuminated, concavely depressed at
the apex ; whorls seven in number, flatly convex,
longitudinally veiy finely striated in a wrinkled
manner, crenidated along the edge ; columella pecu-
liarly notched, aperture small, lip somewhat thickened,
but slightly recurved ; flesh-tinted brown, obscurely
banded, covered with a yellowish-olive epidermis, lip
and interior of the aperture flesh-tinged rose, slightly
iridescent.
Wagner, Test. Bras. p. 11. pi. 10. f. 3.
Columna btdimea, Spix.
An eadem junior, Bulimus ligaliims, AVagner.
Hab. Brazil.
The notched columella is a very conspicuous feature in
this species, which, in fine condition, is not white as
hitherto described, but of a flesh-tinged rose hue, banded
with brown and covered by a yeUowish-olive epidermis.
Species 183. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus imperator. Bul. testd pyramidali-ovatd, an-
fractibus sex, lavibus, ultimo basin versus subangulato,
colmnelld redd ; putpureo-nigricante, epidermide spa-
diceo-albo, imdato-strigatd indutd, aperturd carules-
cetde-albd, colmnelld rosaceo-purpurascente, peritremate
nigricante.
The emperor Bulimus. Shell pyramidally ovate, whorls
six in number, smooth, last whorl slightly angled
dy, 1818.
BULTMIS.— Plate XXX.
trnvavds tlic base, columella straight ; piirple-ljlack,
covered with an epidermis marked with zigzag
streaks of fawn-white, apertm-e bluish-white, colu-
mella pinkish-purple, peritreme black.
i'FEiFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848.
Hnb. Philippine Islands ; Kieridf.
I doubt if ' The Pretender ' would not have been a more
ajipropriate name for this shell than ' The Emperor,' for
it appears to be simply a variety of B. pythogaster. It
would, however, be unfair to judge of its claim to rank as
a species by a single specimen not in the best condition.
Ml-. Cuming informs me that it was collected at the Phi-
lippines by Dr. Kierulf of Copenhagen, and that there is
another exactly similar to it in the collection of M. JaneUe
of Paris; and further, that he never collected any B. py-
thogaster with this peculiar zigzag style of mai-king.
Species 181. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS ATOMATUS. Bul. testa oblongo-ovatd, Acliathue-
formi, teiiui, anfraclibus sex, leevibus, inflatis, per
marginem leviter crenulatis ; columella, redd, reflexd,
labro extemo, tenui, simplici ; Jlavescente-brmmed,
castaneo-rufo minute undato-Uneatd et punctata, bitus
c/erulescente-albd.
The minutely dotted Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
Achatina-shaped, thin, whorls six in number, smooth,
inflated, slightly crenidated along the edge; colu-
mella straight, reflected, outer lip thin, simple ; yel-
lowish-brown, minutely lineated and dotted in a
waved manner with chesnut-red, interior bluish-
white.
GuAY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1831, p. 64.
Hab. Near Fort MacquaiTie, New Holland.
A sing-idarly marked species having somewhat the form
of the large Aft-ican Acliatince.
Species 185. (Mus. Dennison.)
j'LlMUS AURis-BOVlNA. Bul. testd dongato-oldoiigd,
crassd, spird subaauminatd, anfrartibus sex, rugoso-
striatis ; columella incrassatd, callositatUius duabus
miDiitd, qiiarmit iuftriori perainpld, nolidd ; aperturd
prirvd, pecuUnriter cnntructd, labro valde i/icrassato :
rufescente-albd, apertura fauce vivide ru/d, columella
labroque ebumeis.
The o.k-ear Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong, thick,
spire somewhat acimiinated, whorls six in number,
roughly striated, columella thickened, furnished with
two callosities, of which the lower is very large and
solid, aperture small, peculiarly contracted, lip very
much thickened ; reddish-white, interior of the aper-
ture deep red, lip and columella ivoiT white.
Bruguieee, Euc. Meth. diet. no. 80.
Auricula borina, Lamarck.
Helix auris-bovina, Ferussac.
Hab. Eastern Islands.
The BuUmi Shoiigi and auris-Midas have each been
confounded in its turn ^vith the present species, which
is eminently distinguished from them ; iirst, in being of a
natural white, which obtains a reddish hue, owing to the
interior being very deeply stained with that colour ;
secondly, in the aperture being small and much contracted ;
thirdly, in being of more solid growth, and fourthly, in
the lip and columella being like white porcelain or polished
Species 186. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Dombeyanus. Bul. testd ovatd, mnbilicald,
spird breviusculd, mucronatd, anfractibus sex ad septem,
siibrotnridntis, concentrice rugatis ; columella subcon-
tortd, rrfcvd, labro latissime expanse et rejlexo ; albd,
coliiijietld et apertures fauce intense lacco-purpureis.
Dombey's Bulimus. Shell ovate, umbilieated, spire
rather short, pointed, whorls six to seven in number,
somewhat rounded, concentrically wrinkled; columella
a little twisted, reflected, lip veiy widely expanded
and reflected; white, interior deeply coloured with
purple-lake.
Helix Bombejjana, Fenissae, Hist. MoU.
Hab. Mexico.
This beautifid and very rare species is chiefly remark-
able on account of the trumpet-like expansion of the
aperture, which is of a deep purple-bronze colour.
Bi//inm.^- PI im
BULIMUS.
Species 1S7. (Fig. a, Mus. Hudson ; Fig. /j, Mus. Cimiing.)
BuLlMUS CITEINUS. Bid. testa mhelomjato-omtd, eras-
■vii-Hcidd, ant (hxtrd ant shiistrd, anfrnctibns sex nd
srplrui, ^siihrolinidati.l. hnihiis, i,ili,Ji'< : ririj:- filriiin-
aM, alia luiuj'dudiiiali cudanrn-iihjnl i„lenl,i„i jiirld,
labro et peritremate albis.
The citron Bhlimus. Shell somenhat elongately ovate,
rather thick, either destral or sinistral, whorls six to
seven in number, somewhat roimded, smooth, shining;
bright citron yellow, sometimes flamed with reddish
brown, white near the sutures, sometimes painted
with a chesnut-black longitudinal tillet, lip and
peritreme white.
Brlguiere, Enc. Meth. diet. no. 27.
Mel i,v perversa (pars?), Linnpeus.
Helices dextra, and sinistra, JIuUer.
Helix aiirea, Ferussac.
Hah. Moluccas.
This species is so well known by its long-established
name, B. citrinus, that I ha\'e hesitated to adopt the
Linuffian title Helix perversa, believing it probable that the
author of the Systema Natura;, included more than one
reversed species under that appeUatiou.
Species 188. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS ATRICALLOSUS. Bill, testd oblongo-ovatd, ba.iiii
versus subiiijhtd, spird actiminatd ; atifractibus -^ex ad
septem, subrotmidaiis, Imibiis, nitidis, labro expumo,
late refe.ro ; albidd, viridescente-liiteo tinctd, parte
supra rulimiellam laniind callosd iiitei/se, piirpureo-
niijrd iiidiitd, aiifractii idlihto rittd simili loiigitiidiiirdi
pictd, apcrtnrd (dhd.
The bl.^ck-callous Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
somewhat inflated towards the base, spire acumi-
nated, whorls six or seven in number, somewhat
rounded, smooth, sliining, lip expanded, widely
reflected ; white, stained with gi-eenish yellow, the
part above the cobuneUa covered with a callous
deep purple-black lamina, last whorl painted with a
longitudinal fiUet of the same colour, aperture white.
GoDLD, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist.
Hub. Tavoy, Burmah.
I fear there is not much diti'erence Ijetwcen this and the
preceding species, beyond the callous purple-black lamina
which lines the interior of the body-whorl, aud is of some-
what doubtfid importance.
Species 189. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Lindeni. Bui. testd cylindraceo-obhiKjd, crus-
siiiscidd, apice obtuse depressd, anfractihns qiiimpie ad
sex. drrii.s.wfi.,/ nnl> xlriitti.s ,-t xMdltrr imh'idnlis,
prr ..iin;f,nc.„ r.nliln- rrmidiilis ,• ,■„!,: „,rU,l KiiiplH-atd,
iiptrtiird parrinscidu. hiliru sidjiurrdssalii, rejli-.i-ir ; Inr-
ted, nigra sparsim strigatd, apiceiii versus purpura-iceide,
epidermide oUvaceo-viridi indutd, apertnra fance cce-
rulescente-albd, labro pallide crocato.
Linden's Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong, rather
thick, apex obtusely depressed, whorls five to six in
number, decussately rudely striated and finely in-
dented, faintly erenulated along the margin ; colu-
mellu one-plaited, aperture rather small, lip somewhat
thickened, reflected ; cream colour, sparingly streaked
with black, purpUsh towards the apex, and covered
with an olive-green epidermis, interior of the a])erture
Ijluish fl'hite. lip pale saflVon colour.
Bulu,
lentochedns. Pfeifl'er.
Hub. La Baja, Province of ramplona. New (Iranada;
Funck, Linden.
Notwithstanding the importance which is very properly
attached to the priority of names, there are exceptions, as
in the instance before us, in which a name may require to
be changed. The term leptocJmlus, or tldu-lipped, denotes a
character which is not found in the adult species ; the shells
of all Bnliini are "thin-Upped" in an immature state, and
many remain so at maturity ; but in the species under
consideration, the lip is thickened and rather widely re-
flected. I therefore venture to name it anew, in honour
of the indefatigable botanist and shell-collector, to whom
we are indebted for so many beautiful species of Bulinn
from the luxm-iant district of New Granada.
Species 190. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLI-MUS PLANIDEXS. Bid. testd obhmgo-ovij'oriai, tenid-
cnld, spird hn-ri. (irnuiniidd, avfractibus qulnque, tn-
viidis, loiigdiuliiiidd, ;• creberrime corrugato-striatis,
■■itriis miuidissiidis transrersis sub leiite deaissatis, aper.
BULIMUS.— Plate XXXI.
turd oblongo-quadratd, paniusculd, contractu, labro
dente nnico plamdato inslructo ; oUvaceo-virescente,
aperturd ctsrulescente-albd, peritremate intense pur-
pureo-roseo.
The flat-toothed Bulimus. Shell oblong egg-shaped,
rather thin, spire short, acuminated, whorls five in
number, swollen, longitudinally very closely striated
in a wrinkled manner, and, under the lens, crossed
with very minute transverse striae, aperture oblong-
square, rather small, contracted, furnished with a
single flattened tooth; light olive-green, aperture
bluish white, peritreme deep pm-ple-rose.
MicHELiN, Magasin de Zool. pi. 25.
Hab. Brazil.
The surface of this species, in fine condition, has a
delicate silken aspect, occasioned by a multitude of ex-
tremely fine transverse striae, which are scarcely discernible
without the aid of a lens. The epidermis is of a peculiar
plum-green colour, and the lip of an intense puiple-rose,
distinguished by an oblong flattened tooth.
Species 191. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pudicus. Bui. teiffi nhlnnrio-ovafd, spird brevi,
acuminatd, anfractibiia <iiin,iiur lnmiJiiisculis, undiqw
striato-corrugatk, cohiniclhi imiplinild, labro expaiiw,
late refiexo ; olivaceo-ritfd, peritremate nunc albo, nunc
vivide roseo.
The chaste Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, spii-e short,
acuminated, whorls five in number, rather swollen,
striately wrinkled throughout, columella one-plaited,
lip expanded, widely reflected ; oUve-red, peritreme
sometimes white, sometimes deep rose.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert., vol. viii. p. 253.
Helix pudica, Linnteus, Syst. Nat. (Gmelin's edit.)
p. 3645.
Partula pudica, De Ferussac.
Ili'Ii.r piiilira, Jloricand.
Aiirix rinjiiifii. CiiL-muitz.
r,il„l,i „„ris-r,nji,iis, DiUwyn.
Bitli„iii.s ririimiiis, Bruguiere.
Strujiliiiflirilna Almeida, Spix.
An eudLUi \ur. BuUrims perplej:u.%, Sowerby.
Hah. Brazil.
M. Deshayes has already observed that the shell figured
by Chemnitz under the name of Aurls virginea (Conch.
Cab. vol. ix. pi. 121. f. 1042) has a dift'erent aspect from
that commonly known to us as the B.pxidicm, figured in
the accompanying plate, and among the shells collected
by Dr. Spix in BrazO. The A^wis virginea has more the
form of a Partula, but I find no shell to correspond with
it, and take it to be merely another state of the species
under consideration.
(Species 192. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus unidentatus. Bui. testa oblongo-ovatd, spird
breviusculd, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, tumidis,
suhrugosis, aperturd parviusculd, labro refiexo, dente
unico olituso iiistructo ; albidd, roseo tinctd, columella
labroque purpureo-castaneis.
The one-toothed Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, spii-e
rather short, whorls four to five in number, swollen,
rather rough, aperture somewhat small. Up reflected,
fiu'nished with a single blunt tooth ; whitish, tinged
with rose, lip and columella purple-chesnut.
Pariiila niiiJeiitata, Sowerby, Tankerville Catalogue, App.
p. vii.
Hab. BrazU,
I am not aware that any example of this species is
known in fine condition with its epidermis. It is of more
solid growth than the B. planidens, and of a less oblong
form, whilst the tooth is short and blunt, not oblong and
flattened. The species dift'er essentially also in colour.
Biihtnu.i t'l XXXII .
BULIMUS.
Species 193. (Mus. Cuming.)
RuLlMUS GuERlNl. Bui. testa oblongo-oraid, tciiiiiciild,
apice siibobtusd, anfractihus (lulnque, leevihan, siihin-
flatu, columella snhcontortd, labro vix refiexo ; intense
olivaced, luteo longitudinaliter strigatd, apertura peri-
tremate aitrantio.
Guerin's Bulimus. Shell obloug-ovate, rather thin,
somewhat obtuse at the apex, whorls five in number,
smooth, slightly inHated, columella somewhat twisted,
lip scarcely reflected ; very dark olive, longitudinally
streaked with yellow, peritreme of the aperture orange.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184G, p. -10.
Hab. New Granada.
Although much smaller in size and of comparatively
lighter gi-owth, this species approximates so closely to the
B. Moritdaniis, which is found in the same locality under
a multitude of aspects, that I fear it may prove to be only
a dwarf variety.
Species 194. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus crystallinus. Bui. testd conico-ovatd, tenui,
pellucidd, valde injlatd, anfradihis qtdnque ad sex,
tramversm wndique subtilissiine impresso-striatw, an-
fractti tiltimo peramplo, basin versus obtuse carinato,
columelld concavo-depressd, vix rejiexd, labro tenui,
siinplici ; pellucido-albd, columelld brunnescente.
The chrystalline Bulimus. Shell conically ovate,
thin, pellucid, very much inflated, whorls Ave to six
in number, transversely very finely impressly striated
throughout, last whorl very large, obtusely keeled
towards the base, columella eoncavely depressed,
slightly reflected, lip thin, simple ; transparent white,
columella pale brown.
Hub. ?
Of very peculiar form, and ditt'ering in all respects from
any species hitherto described. It is a light transparent
shell, transversely engraved with flue striae, very much
inflated, and indistinctly angled towards the base.
Species 19.5. (Mus. Cuming.)
;limus monozonus. Bui. testd snbpijramidali-omld,
apice oblusd, anfractibns quinque, rotundatis, oblique
striufls, columelld redd, labro vix rejlexo ; rufescente-
bruHUfd, :nnd Infivscild iiVid, in aiifrnrtu idtimo lan-
tuiii coiiyiiriii!. ciiiijiiluld ; <'//idrn,/iile filvd imliitd.
.perUri;,uiU- ii'njrivaiile.
The one-zone Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, obtuse at the apex, whorls five in luimber,
rounded, obliquely striated, columella straight, lip
but slightly reflected ; reddish brown, encircled by a
rather wide white zone, conspicuous only on the
last whorl, and covered with a brown cpidermi'^,
peritreme blackish.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bui.
Hob. Philippines; Kierulf
Collected in the Philippine Islands by Pr. Kierulf of
Copenhagen, and apparently distinct from any of Mr.
Cuming's species.
Species 196. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Gibbonius. Bui. testd ovald, uinbiUvnld. mis-
siimriihi. rfiitr'irnK'in\i„ii!.iiiifriitiihnx iiiinliior nd (jiiinijur.
lojn/itinhii
nidi
midiu,
lutii, uiiJ'niclM nliimo perumplu, iiijhdo, columelld .sub-
con torld, labro rejlexo ; castaneo-rufescente,fusco.ipar-
sim pmictatd, apertura albidd.
Gibbon's Bulimus. Shell ovate, umbihcated, rather
thick, extremely ventricose, whorls four to five in
number, longitudinally rudely striated, minutely gra-
mdated throughout, last whorl very large, inflated,
columella slightly twisted, lip reflected ; chesnut red,
sparingly dotted with brown, aperture whitish.
Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1836.
Hab. Between La Plata and Tocairaa, New (iraiiada ;
Dr. Gibbon.
Distinguished by the widely-inflated and rapid enlarge-
ment of the last whorl ; of a chesnut colour, besprinkled
with dashes of brown.
Species 197. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLniUS CASTANEUS. Bul. testd ovatd, vix umbilicatd,
ventricosissimd, anfractibns quatuor ad quinque, lonyi-
tudiualiter rude striatis, granulis rudibus oblomjis prope
suturas seriatim cingulatis, anfractu nltimo peramplo,
injlato, labro vix refiexo ; itilus extusque fumeo-custaned.
The CHESNUT Bulimus. Shell ovate, scarcely umbili-
cated, extremely ventricose, whorls four to five in
July, IS-IS
BULIMUS.— Plate XXXII.
number, longitudinally rudely striated, enciixled near
the sutures witb rows of rude oblong granules, last
wliorl very large, inflated, lip but slightly reflected,
smoky chesnut-brown within and without.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. fi8.
Uah. Vegas, on the river Quendcu, New Granada.
It may be observed that this shell is almost equally
ventrieose and inflated with the preceding species, though
not exactly of the same form. It is, moreover, of lighter
structure, and, instead of being covered with granules, it
has merely a few near the sutures of a rude oblong shape,
set in exact rows more or less distant from each other.
Species 198. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS GALLINA-SULTANA. Bul. testd conico-ovatd,
tenui, ventricosmmd, mifractibus sex, transversim
creberrime striatis, striis rugosis et minute uudulatis,
aiifriiHu. ultimo peramplo, injlato, labro dmplici;
iilbiciiiile, olivaeeo-viridi maculatd et variegatd, epider-
iiiidv Jlacidd indutd.
The sultan-fowl Bulimus. Shell eonieally ovate,
thin, extremely ventrieose, whorls six in number,
transversely very closely striated, striae rough and
minutely undulated, last whorl very large, inflated,
lip simple; whitish, blotched and variegated with
olive green, and covered with a yellowish epidermis.
Lamaeck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. viii.
p. 222.
La poule sultane, Favanne.
Helix gallina-sidtana, Chemnitz.
.IcJiatitM pavonina, Spix.
Ilnb. Bolina; D'Orbigny.
" We met with the B. galUna-sultana," says M. D'Or-
bigny, " in the hot damp forests, inhabited by the savage
Guai-ayos, in the centre of the republic of Bolivia. There,
they bury themselves among the roots of trees and only
come forth during the rainy season ; they then crawl
upon the trunk and stems to inhale the moisture, and as
soon as the rains begin to cease, they descend and again
bm-y themselves in the earth, where they remain concealed
until the following season."
Species 199. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus heterotrichus. Bid. testa conico-ovatd, sub-
globosd, umbUicatd, anfractibus sex ad septern, rotun-
datis, striis undiqiie sub Imte minute decussatis, colu-
mdld latitisculd, labro exiliter reflexo ; olivaceo-flavidd,
cpidermide setosd indutd, setis subtilibtis, in seriebus
spirnlibus stibdistantibus.
The differently-bristled Buli.mus. Shell eonieally
ovate, somewhat globose, umbilicated, whorls six to
seven in number, rounded, under the lens minutely
decussated thi'oughout with strife, columella rather
broad, lip delicately reflected ; olive yeUovv, covered
with a bristly epidermis, of which the bristles are
fine and arranged in rather distant spiral rows.
MoRiCAND, Mem de Geneve, vol. 2. part. 2. p. 430. pi. 2.
f. .5, 6.
Hub. Brazil,
Well characterized by its deUcate bristly epidermis,
deprived of which, the species may be equally recognised
liy its peculiar form and minute decussated sculpture,
looking, as it were, like a fine web of punctures.
/iii/i/,ui.s /'/.jixm.
f '^
\^i
h
\
r
BULIMUS.
Species 200. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLUius siGNATUs. Bul. tedd oblongo-ovatd, mnbilicatd,
spird brevi, acuminata, arifradibm quinque, mgulosis,
columelld basi callosd, rude jplicald, aperturd angicstd,
coiifractd, auriformi, labro reflexo et latissinie concavo-
fxpanm ; albidd, fasciis tribns latis nigricantUms cm-
gulatd, fmcoque nebtilatd, apice nigra, labro eburneo.
The marked Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, umbilicated,
spire short, acuminated, whorls five in number,
rough, columella callous at the base and obsoletely
plaited, aperture narrow, contracted, ear-shaped, lip
reflected and very widely concavely expanded ;
whitish, ench'cled with thi'ee broad blackish bands
and clouded with bromi, apex black, lip ivoiy white.
Auricula siguata, Wagner, Moll, du Brcsil, p. 17. pi. 12. f. 3.
Helix siynata, Moricand.
Hab. Brazil.
The wide-spread developemcnt of the lip is rather a
peculiar feature in this species. It is not uncommon.
Species 201. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus bilabiatus. Btd. testa ovatd, spird acuminatd,
anfractibus quinque, siibrotundatis, rugulosis, sub leute
minute rudi reticulata et foratis, peculiariter oblique
plicato-costaiis, cost is compressis; columelld subcoiitortd,
aperturd avriformi, hilro undique bisecto ; sordide
albd, fusco hie illir tiiirtd, parte suprd columellam
nunc aurantid, uinir piirpurco-nigrd.
The two-lipped Bulimus. SheU ovate, spii'e acumina-
ted, whorls five in number, somewhat rounded, rough,
under the lens minutely reticulated and punctured,
pecuhai'ly obliipiely plicately ribbed, ribs compressed ;
columella rather twisted, apertm-e ear-shaped, lip
divided in twain aU round ; dead wliite, stained here
and there with brown, the part above the columella
sometimes orange, sometimes purple-white.
Broderip and Sowerby, Zool. Jom-n. vol. v. p. 49.
pi. supp. 40. f. 1, 2.
Helix maximiUana , Ferussac, ilSS.
Hab. Brazil.
The name B. maximiUana of De Ferussac does not
appear to have been published. There is a very charac-
teristic dwarf state of the species exhibiting the same
varieties of colom-ing as those of a larger growth.
Species 202. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Taunaysii. Bul. testd elongato-oblongd, subcjj-
lindraced, anfractibus sex ad sepiem, convexis, lavibus,
longiiudinaliter striatis, cohimelld subco7itortd, lahro
tenuicnlo, vix reflexo; fulvo- vel nigricante-fuscd,
zonuld pallida angustd cingulatd, columelld albd.
Tadnay's Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong, somewhat
cylindrical, whorls six to seven in number, convex,
smooth, longitudinally striated, cohmieOa somewhat
twisted, lip rather thin, scarcely retleeted ; fulvous or
blackish brown, encircled by a pale naiTow zone,
colmneUa white.
D'Okbigny, Voy. dans I'Amcr. Mcrid. Moll. p. 294.
Helix Taunaysii, Ferussac.
Eudem. Bulimus tnagnificus, Grateloup.
Hab. Brazil.
The shell named B. magkijicus by M. Grateloup is,
according to the specimens so marked in Mr. Cuming's
collection, a variety of B. Tmuwgsii of a lighter brown
colom-.
Species 203. (Fig. a. Mus. Demiison. Fig. b,
and c. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus jielanostoma. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird
subocuminntd, anfractibus quinque ad -iex, undique
peculiariter ohlongo-granulatis, per iiiiirijiiii',,/ uiinut?
crenulatis et plicnlis, p/icis subainplis (lislinililiiis, in
anfractu ultimo ecanidis ; columelld eoittorUl, labro
late refkxo, interdum partim bisecto ; roseo-albicante,
fuscescente obscure tiebulatd, spird apicem versus scepe
rosacea, inter plicas nigricante, aperturd partim vel
omnino purpureo-nigrd, intei'dum croceo marginatd.
The black-mouth Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, spii-e
somewhat acuminated, whorls five to six in number,
peculiarly oblong-granidated throughout, minutely
crenulated along the margin, and plicated, the plaits
being rather large and distant, fading away in the
last whorl; columella twisted, lip widely reflected,
sometimes partially bisected; pinkish-white, obs-
curely clouded with pale brown, spire frequently
piukish towards the apex, blackish between the folds,
aperture partially or entirely purple-bluck, sometimes
edged with safiVon yellow.
Swainson, Zool. Illustrations, vol. i. pi, 4.
BULIMUS.— Plate XXXII 1.
Helix melanodoma, Ferussac.
Aaris melawstoma, Spix.
Eadem. Edix rhodospira, Moricaiid.
Hab. Brazil.
The varieties of this species are strongly indicated in
the distribution of tlie colouring matter of the aperture-
In most specimens the aperture is whoUy Uued with rich
purple black, as in fig. 203 c. ; in some, the lip is produced
a second time outwardly, as in fig. 203 a, bordered with
saffron yeUow ; whilst in others, as in fig. 203 h, the
aperture is white, and no purple-black is seen, excepting
on the liody whorl above the columella.
B U L I I\I U S
Plate XXXIV.
Species 204. (Mus. Denuison.)
BuLiMUs PopELAiEiANUs. Bttl. testd omttt, ventricosis-
simd, crassiitsculd, subcompressd, anfractibus tumidis,
superne crenulatis, apicem versus concentrice subdis-
tanter liratis et minutissime gramdatis ; cohmelld
arcuatd, estate superne callosd, labro incrassato, rejkxo ;
castaneo-brnnnescente, epidermide crassd corned brun-
ned, in strigk longititdinalibm aade midatis interdum
pecuhariter dissohttd, indutd ; aperturd Uvidd, labro
alho.
Popelair's Bulimus. Shell ovate, extremely ventricose,
rather thick, somewhat compressed, whorls swollen,
crenulated round the upper pai't, concentrically
somewhat distantly ridged and minutely granulated
towards the apes ; columella arched, callous at the
upper part with age, lip thickened, reflected ; light
chesnut-brown, covered with a thick brown epidermis,
which is sometimes peculiarly dissolved, as it were,
in longitudinal zigzag streaks ; aperture livid, lip
white.
Nyst, Bidl. Acad. Eoy. de Bruxelles, vol. xii. Extr. p. 10.
pi. 4. f. 5.
Eadem. Bulimus fulgnratns, Valenciennes.
Bulimus Vcdenciennesii, Pfeift'cr.
Hah. Brazil.
This fine zigzag-marked species, distinguished under
the above names by Pfeiffer and Valenciennes, is, without
doubt, the same described by M. Nyst in the Transactions
of the Eoyal Academy of Brussels in honour of the Baron
de Popelair. Mr. Cuming possesses a specimen, bke
M. Nyst's, quite destitute of the zigzag marking, which is
not a distribution of colour, nor the result of a double-
memln-ane arrangement of the epidermis, as in the Phi-
lippine species ; it has rather the appearance of being
partially dissolved, as though it were occasioned by the
percolation of some solvent out of the sutm-es, though in-
capaljle of such an explanation.
Species 205. (JIus. Cuming.)
Bi LiMUS EGREGIUS. Bttl. elougato-oblongd, subfusi/ormi,
uiubiUcutd, n/ifniclibiis cortveximcnlis, superne concams,
uiidique cri'l/en-ime phuio-granidoJix, i/rai/idis in serie-
buH traiisversk ad inlirrtilln siibili\tiiiili<i, majoribus,
anfradn vlliino basi anijiihiio-cuiupi-fuso , aperturd
oblongo-ovali, basi angulatd et canaliculatu, labro sub-
expanso et refiexo, marginibus lira angustd callosd junc-
tis : castaneo-fuscd, Ivtco ftammatd, labro intense roseo.
The chosen Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong, some-
what fusiform, umbilicatcd, whorls rather convex,
concave round the upper part, very closely flatly
granulated throughout, granules in transverse rows, at
rather distant intervals, larger, last whorl angularly
compressed at the base; aperture oblong-oval, an-
gulated and channelled at the base. Up sUghtly
expanded and reflected, margins joined by a narrow
callous ridge; chesnut-brown, flamed with yellow,
bp deep rose.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 67.
Bulimtis hybridus, Gould (fide Pfeitfer).
Hab. Brazil, in the vicinity of Rio Janeiro ; Gould.
I much doubt whether this is anything more than a
variety of the B. goniostoma. I have not met with it in a
state intermediate between the specimens here represented,
but it is certain that the sculpture oiB. egregius is precisely
that of B. goniostoma in an exaggerated and more luxu-
riant condition, whOst the species are abke in form.
Species 306. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus goniostoma. Bui. testd elongato-obkmgd,fusi-
formi, umbilicatd, spird acuminatd, anfractibus convex-
iusctdis, svpvrni coiicaris. iindiqiii- minufmime et cre-
berrimi gniiinliitis, v''""'"'", '" seriebus tratisversis
ad interraUa si,ljdixt((,ifia, paitlu majoribus, anfractu
ultimo basi compresso ; aperturd oblongo-ovali, basi
canaliculatd, labro subexpanso et refiexo, rtmrginibus lird
callosd j unci is ; badid, labro intense roseo.
The angled-mouth Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong,
fasiform, umbilicated, spire acuminated, whorls sbghtly
convex, concave round the upper part, very minutely
and closely granulated throughout, the granules in
transverse rows at rather distant intervals a little
larger, last whorl compressed at the base ; aperture
oblong oval, channelled at the base, bp somewhat
expanded and reflected, margins joined by a callous
ridge ; brown, lip deep rose.
Cochlogena goniostoma, Ferussac, Prodrome, No. 441.
Fnpa goniostoma. Gray.
Goniostoma erubescens, Swainson.
Hab. Brazd.
Quite an isolated form of the geiuis, few species pre-
senting much approximation to this in respect of its
angular oblong channelled aperture, besides the precedino'
and one or two of smaller size, to be described hereafter,
from the Province of Mcrida, New Granada.
August, 184S.
BuMmt/.s. PI JIIV.
Rj^ew, B.-n'l'iimi
BULIMUS
Tlate XXXV.
Species 207- (Mus. (?) olira Soe. Zool. Lniul.)
Tlie aceompanying figure, copied from the Zoological
Journal, Tab. Supp. xxxi, represents a very remarkable
species of Bitlmns, deposited some years since in the
Zoological Society's Museum. The shell, however, disap-
peared shortly afterwards from the collection, together
with some other rarities, and the species has never since
been obtained or heard of. It only remains therefore to
copy the description also.
BuLlMUS LABEO. Bul. tesfd omto-procluctd, fiisco-CMtaned,
apicem versus ruhrd, fusco varid, anfractibus sex, ven-
tricosis, ultimo fasciis duabiis nigris, Itdc medid, Hid
sutnnili, pemdUmo fasciis diiabus nigris, stduralibus ;
mlioiieUd dente obtnso iiisigid ; labro crassissimo, re-
fii'xo, supra pallide castaiieo, infra nigro ; aperturd
intus albidu.
The blubbee-lip Bulimus. Shell ovately produced,
brown-chcsnut, red towards the apex, variegated with
brown, whorls six in number, ventricose, the last
with two black bands, one round the middle, the other
next the suture, penultimate whorl with two bands,
both sutural ; columella with a remarkable obtuse
tooth, lip veiy thick, reflected, pale chcsnnt above,
black beneath, interior of the aperture whitish.
Bkodekip, Zool. Journal, vol. iv. p. 222. pi. supp. xxxi.
Hah. Peru.
To quote IMr. Broderip's more minute description of this
remarkable lost species ; — " Shell stout, long oval, of a
brown chesuut colour, changing to red at the apex and on
the upper whorls, which last are longitudinally striped
with reddish brown towards the suture. \¥liorls sis, ven-
tricose ; the last has a naiTow band across its middle, and
another of the same colour close to the suture, which is
white ; the last whorl but one has two narrow black bands,
both near the sutures ; the lower bands on the last and
penultimate whorls are each thrice interrupted. On the last
whorl, near the base, which is very dark, is a faint, broad,
lighter coloured band. The columella is remarkable for
its obtuse white tooth, surrounded by the rich dark co-
louring of the aperture. The right lip is of huge thickness,
and much reflected ; above, it is of a light chesuut colom- ;
below, of a rich brownish japan-like black, which, par-
ticularly where it is shading oft' into the chesuut, gives,
when the light is thrown full on it, the same kind of
iridescent appearance as is seen in the Lumachella, or Fire-
marble. The lower edge of this rich lip is punctured
pretty thickly with dots, resembling those of Cgprmi les-
tudimiria, which seem filled with a whitish opake sub-
stance, and the formation of which has given an irregular*
and almost fungus-like appearance to the reflected border
of the lip, on its upper side. The interior of the aperture
is white. Length three inches ; breadth, measured across
the body whorl, and including the lip, one inch and six-
eighths.
" This fine sheU, of a much firmer fabric than most laud-
shells, was obtained by Lieut. Maw, R.N., in a raucho
(farm-house) at Toulea, about nine leagues to the eastward
of Chachapoyas, in Peru, on Christmas day, 1S27. It had
been taken on the chacra (farm) to which the rancho be-
longed. The chacra is situated at the highest limit of the
montana, or woody district, on the eastern side of the
Andes, at an elevation of about 8000 feet above the level
of the sea. The species was frequently seen by Lieut. Maw
in the woods between Chachapoyas and Moyabamba. Two
of a much larger size than the individual here descriljed,
were found by him alive, and given in charge to the ai-riero
(muleteer), ^^ith a special injunction to take care of them.
The arriero, supposing that they were to be prepared for
breakfast, roasted them, and thus destroyed the shells.
" Spix has not mentioned this shell, and I have reason to
believe that there is no other specimen in this country.
Whether the species is confined within narrow limits in the
almost untrodden district traversed by Lieut. Maw, will be
an interesting subject for futm-e inquiry. This enterprising
traveUer is the first Eiu-opean who has performed a journey
across the continent of South America in the line of the
Maranon, or Amazon Eiver. Aftir )iii"iiii;- from Truxillo
across the Andes to Chacbapi.x.i- li. niilurkrd upon the
river in Peru, and proceeded tluniiglKnii it- course to Para.
In the course of this expedition he collected several
animals, which he has liberally presented, together with tht;
sidjjectof this memoir, to the Zoological Society. "
Species 208. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLIMUS LACUNOSUS. Bid. testa oblongo-ocatd, anfracti-
bus subventricosis, longitudinaliter striatis, striis brevi-
bus impressis pecidiariter subtdissimi tiotatis, apicem
versus minute granulatis et radiatim lirutis, columella
vix contortd, labro reflexo ; livido-brunned, longitudi-
naliter obscure fasciatd, epidermide temdculd corned
indutd, labro albo.
BrLIMUS.— Plate XXXV.
The ravine-ixhabiting Bilimis. Shell obloug-ovate,
whorls somewhat ventricose, longitudinally striated,
and peculiarly very finely marked besides with short
impressed strife, minutely granulated and radiately
ridged towards the apex, columella scarcely twisted,
lip reflected; livid brown, longitudinally obscurely
banded, covered with a rather thin horny epidermis,
lip white.
D'Okbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Mcrid. Moll. p. 303.
Halj. Cochabamba, Bolivia (in deep ravines at the base of
the snowy peaks of the Cordilleras) ; D'Orbigny.
Intermediate, in a manner, between the B. wa.viMus and
ovafus, of smaller size, and apparently distinct. In the
si)ecimen here figured from Mr. Cuming's collection, the
surface is curiously marked by numerous rows of short
longitudinal hollowed stria ; it is also encircled by a couple
of scratched grooves, but these are evidently the result of
accident.
Species 209. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS GRANULOSUS. £id. testd oblo7ii/u-ovaii1, an-
fractibus ventricosk, longitudinaliter rude striatis, mi-
dique mhiute gramilatis, prope apiccm, snlolscure
radiatim, liraiis, columelld subcouiortd, labro reflexo ;
luteo-brimnescente, epidermide temdculd indutd, colu-
melld labroque pallide roseis, aperturee fame cceruleo-
albicante.
The granulous Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls
ventricose, longitudinally rudely striated, minutely
granulated throughout, somewhat obscurely radiately
ridged near the apex, columella somewhat twisted,
lip reflected ; yellowish brown, covered with a thin
epidermis, lip and columella pale rose, interior of the
apei'ture bluish white.
Hdix granuhsa, Hang, Descr. eoqudles terrestres, p. 49.
pi. 3.
Hnb. Brazil.
Ii is much to be feared whether this is not truly a
\ ariety of the B. maim. The typical difterences are as
oUows ; — in form the B. yrauulusus is of a less shortened
uraid growth than the B. ovaliis, and in sculpture, it is
more )iromincntly granulated throughout, whilst the ra-
iliiitcil ridges about the ajjcx are more obscure ; it is.
moreover, of a lighter tint of colour, and varies considerably
in the nature of the epidermis, which in this species is
slight and fibrous, but in the B. ovatus, is thick, horny, and
shining.
Species 310. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus oblongxjs. Bui. testa oblongo-ovatd, vix umbi-
licatd, nunc subampld, tenuiculd, ventricosd, nunc par-
viore, crassd, ponderosd, arifractibus convexis, plus
i/iinusve costwlato-striatis, labro reflexo ; fulvo-spadiced,
columelld labroque intense roseis.
TiiE OBLONG Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, scarcely
\nnbibcated, sometimes rather large, thin, and ven-
tricose, sometimes smaller, thick, and ponderous,
whorls convex, more or less sculptured with rib-like
stri:e, lip reflected ; fulvous-bay, lip and columella
deep rose.
Hdix oblonga, MuUer, A'erm. vol. ii. p. 8G.
Bulimus luemasioma, Scopob, Lamarck.
Hab. Eastern coast of South America.
This well-known species inhabits a wide range of
country, and varies greatly in size and substance according
to the local conditions of climate and vegetation, at one
time large and ventricose like the specimen selected for
illustration, at another smaller, thick, and ponderous, with
the lip not unfi-equently thickened to an extent truly
remarkable.
M. D'Orbigny has some curious remarks on the habits
and age of this species. " The Bulimus oblongus," says
this intelligent traveller and naturalist, " buries itself
deeply in the earth during the dry season, and comes forth
at the time of the rains. Towards the close of the rainy
season, it deposits its cretaceous eggs in the earth, and
the young escape from them during the first rains which
follow." The author then goes on to describe that about
two or three yeai's is occupied in the formation of the
shell, when, having arrived at the age of maturity, the lip
is reflected, and at a more advanced stage becomes more
or less thickened according to cii'cumstances. After an
examination of what he considers to be annual marks of
increase of growth, Mr. D'Orbigny arrives at the conclu-
sion that the Bulimus obloiigtis lives for a period of about
ten years.
_Buimins. ri Jim.
Sow^rly, .1,1 el litk.
>%^
I
^r^
Eeeve BpiiIuui. *, K,-.
B U L 1 M U S
Species 311. (Fig. a, Mus. Ciuuing, Fig. h and c,
Mils. Deunisou.)
Bllimis focillatus. Bid. testa oMonyo-ovatd, aufrnc-
tibus sex, striis longitud'malibus arcuatis peculiariter
notatis, per margiriem superiorem crenulatis, cremdis
subdistautibus ; colmnelld revolutd ; aperturd ampld,
effuidy labro expmvso ; pallide stramined, vel purpnras-
cente-spadiced, mamdis fasciisque cmrttleo-niyrkantibus
uderdum tinctis, colmnelld et apertvra faiice roseo-
purpiireis.
The cherished Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls
six in number, peculiarly marked with arched longi-
tudinal strife, crenulated along the upper margin,
crcnules rather distant ; columella rolled back ;
aperture large, eiTused, lip expanded ; pale straw
coloiu', or light salmon coloiu-, sometimes painted
^vith bluish-black bands and blotches, columella and
interior of the aperture rose-purple.
Hab. Vera Cruz, South America.
A delicate and graceful species, extremely variable in its
external coloiuing, but constant so far as regards the rose-
|iur]ile painting of the aperture and columella.
Species 212. (Mus. Dennison.)
BuLiJirs OVATUS. Bid. testa siibabbreviato-omtd, tttmidd,
apice subobtusd ; anfmctibus qumxpie, lougihidinaliter
/•itde striatis, apicem verstis granulatis et subtiliter
radiatim liratis, labro fortiter refiexo ; roseo-fusces-
ceute, epidennide corned olivaced nitente iiidiila,
aperturd ccerulescente-albd, labro vivide roseo.
The ovate Bulimus. Shell somewhat abbreviately
ovate, swollen, rather obtuse at the apex ; whorls five
in number, longitudinally rudely striated, granidated
and finely radiately ridged towards the apex, lip
strongly reflected ; rose-brown, covered ivith a shining
olive horny epidermis, aperture bluish-white, lip
bright rose.
Bruguiere, Enc. Meth. Diet. no. 33.
Helix ovatiis, MuUer.
Bulla ovata, Chemnitz.
Hab. Brazil.
This fine species is remarkable for its cmious abbre-
viately turgid growth, whilst it has a pecidiar shining
(I the liji is mostly of an unusually deep
Species 313. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus abyssorum. Bui. testd obloiigo-ovatd, tenuiculd,
■siibiiiflidii, uviihiliratd, nitfrnrtUiua sex, riiijoso-striatis,
ruhudrlUi r.-rnhild, labro si,hrxjm„.-~n , alhidii. rufo-
briiiiiini kmijitudiiKiliU'r strii/iil<i. et iiHiciilald.
The abyss-inhabiting Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather tliin, somewhat inflated, umbilicated, whorls
six in mmiber, roughly striated, columella rolled back,
lip somewhat expanded ; whitish, longitudinally
streaked and blotched mth reddish-brown.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 308. pi.
39. f 7, 8.
Hah. Pampa Ruis, eastern decli\aty of the Bolivian Ajides
(amongst stones at the roots of Cacti) ; D'Orbigny.
Towards the base of the shell the rouglily striated sculp-
ture produces almost the effect of obtuse granules.
Species 21i. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus fenestratus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, sub-
fuxifoniii, I'iMlkatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, pecu-
liiirlter iniilitUill' corrugaid et sidcatd ; columella suh-
plicatd, MhiuK recedente, plano-revolutd ; albidd, ma-
culis fasciisqtie fu-ico-niyricardibiis conspicue fenestratd,
colmnelld et aperturcB fauce roseo-purpuruscentihns.
The window-painted Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
somewhat fusiform, mnbiUcated, whorls six to seven in
number, peculiarly imdidately wi'inkled and grooved ;
columella slightly plaited, obliquely receding, flatly
rolled back ; whitish, conspicuously latticed with
brownish-black blotches and bands, columella and
interior of the aperture blac.
Pfeiffeb, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. p. 29.
Hah. Mexico.
Perfectly cbstiuguished from the preceding species in
form, whilst the undidating grooved sculpture is peculiar.
Species 315. (Mus. Cimiing.)
BuLiJirs iiygrohyljeus. Bid. testd subpyramidali-
obloiifjd, Partidaformi, ampliter umbilicatd, anfractibus
September, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XXXVI
■leptefn, tongitudinalitm- rmjoso-striatu ; columella
laid, subrecedente, labro late plano-rejlexo ; albidd,
caruleo-nigricante quinquefasciald et mamilatd, labro
nitide albo.
The damp-woods Bulimus. SheD somewhat pyrami-
dally obloug. Pavtiila-shaped, largely umbilicatcd,
whorls seven in niimljer, longitudinally roughly
striated ; columella broad, slightly receding, lip
In-oadly and flatly reflected ; whitish, encircled by
five bands of bluish-black blotches, lip shining white.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 311. pi.
iO. f, 3—5.'
Hah. Province of Santa Cruz, Bolivia (in damp forests) ;
D'Orbigny.
A very characteristic species readOy distinguished from
the preceding by the Partula-like growth of the aperture.
Buhmus. FLJXlVir.
mg-'X
%:w
leevs, Benliiax &,Iieevp .1
B U L I ]\I U S .
Plate XXXVII.
Species 216. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMUS L.EVUS. £td. testd pyramidali-ohlongd, mibcy-
IMraced, crmsiusculd, interdmn wmbilicatd, aufrac-
tibus septetn, mbrotundis, lavibies ; aperturd parviiis-
ciild. xiihorhiciilriri, labro fortiter refle.rn ; rnfo-niiravtid
aiit li't,-(i. fiisriis nifo-oUvaceis aid vini/i/m^ fi,/i/ii/iifii,
iiih'nh'hi 1(1111/(1 iiiVnialiter maculatd aid slri(j(il(i lahro
,iiH,ll' allxj.
The left Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, some-
what cylindrical, rather thick, sometimes umbilicated,
whorls seven in number, somewhat rounded, smooth ;
aperture rather small, nearly orbicular, lip strongly
reflected ; reddish orange or yellow, encii'cled with
red-olive or green bands, sometimes longitudinally
blotched or streaked, lip sliiniug white.
Bruguiere, Enc. Meth. Vers, vol. 1. p. 317.
Helix IcBva, MuUer.
Hah. Amboina and the Moluccas.
Little need be added to assist in the recognition of this
well-known species, which is of a more pyramidal growth
than B. cilrbim, and distinguished l)y a greater variety of
colouring. It is mostly sinistral.
Species 217. (Mus. Cimiing.)
BiLi-Mi-s iACTAHius. Bul. testd ovatd, veutricosiuscicld,
umbilicatd, spird subacumiuatd, anfractibits sex ad
septern, convexis, Iceviius, mt hngitndmaliter temd-
driatk ; eolumelld latiusculd, labro simplici ; cerlno-
albd, fumeo-rufescente interdum tiuctd, jkccU opaco-
albis irregularUms aspersd.
The milk-spotted Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather veu-
tricose, umbilicated, spii-e somewhat acuminated,
whorls six to seven in number, convex, smooth, or
longitudinally finely striated ; columella rather broad.
Up simple ; waxen-white, sometimes tinged with
smoky red, s]n-inkled witli in-egular flakes of o]ia(|ue
white.
Menke, MSS.
Hub. Mexico.
The curious opaque-white flakes with which this shell is
marked, constitute an important specific character.
Species 218. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Goudoti. Bul. testd ovatd, teiiiiksimd, pellucidd,
Septenib
ventricosd, anfractibus qiimque, Imujitudinaliter nidi
striatm, labro tenui, simplici ; rufo-fuscescente, epider-
ni'ide corned olivaced nitente indutd, afertnrte funce
iridescente.
Goudot's Bulimus. Shell ovate, very thin, transparent,
ventricose, whorls five in number, longitudinally
rudely striated, lip thin, simple ; pale reddish brown,
covered with a shining olive horny epidermis, interior
of the aperture iridescent.
Petit, Mag. de Zool.
Hab. Eastern Cordilleras, New Granada.
An extremely delicate shell of little more substance
than a glassy film, protected by a thick shining horny
epidermis.
Species 219. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Dufresmi. Bid. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, olea-
formi, apice obtusd ; anfractibm quinqtte, apiceni versus
minute i/raiiiilosis, per marffinetn. crenulatis, eolumelld
subrecedente, labro simplici; luteo-viridescente, oUvaceo-
fusco fa-sciatd et lineatd.
Dufkesne's Bulimus. Shell cylindiicaUy ovate, olive-
shaped, obtuse at the apex ; whorls five to six in
number, minutely granulated towards the apex, cre-
mdated along the margin, columella slightly receding,
lip simple ; yellowish green, banded and lineated
with dark olive brown.
Leach, Zool. Misc. vol. 2. p. 153. pi. 1:20.
Hah. Van Dieman's Land.
The painting of this species is mostly representeil by a
conspicuous central band, with fine longitudinally waved
lines above and below it.
Species 220. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus contusus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, crussian-
culd, sapissime sinistrali, anfractibus septern, coimxiis,
lavlbus, labro reflexo ; albidd, ustulato-fusco tiuctd et
hie illic irregidariter longitudinaliter strigatd, labru
albo, eolumelld et peritremate labri purpurascente-
fuse!,.
The bruised Bulimus. Shell obloug-ovute, rather
thick, most frecpiently sinistral, whorls seven in
number, convex, smooth, lip reflected; whitish,
stained and irregvdarly longitudinally streaked here
■, ISIS.
BI'LIMUS.— Plate XXXVIl.
.md then- with buviil brown, lip white, eohimelln and
outer edge of the lip purplish brown.
Hah. Eastern Islands.
This is unquestionably distinct from the B. citrinus, with
which it has been hitherto confoiuided.
Species 221. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS CRASSILABKIS. Bill, testd ovatd, ci/tiudriici>d,
umh'dieatd, anfmctibm septem, convexk, lonyitud'ma-
Uler creberrime suleato-striatis, colmielld laid, aper-
turd parviusadd, rotmidatd, labro dmplici ; albd, au-
rmdio-fusco late bifmciatd, versus apicetri rosuced.
The thickened-lip Bulimus. SheE ovate, cylindrical,
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, convex, longi-
tudinally very closely sulcately striated, columella
broad, aperture rather small, rounded. Up simple;
white, encircled by two broad bands of orange-brown,
pink towards the apex.
Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 66.
Hub. Madagascar.
The name assigned to tliis species is rather an inappro-
priate one, the lip being only slightly thickened and not
reflected.
Species 222. (Mus. Cuming.)
EiiLiMUS Petiti. Bui. testd conico-omtd, glmdiformi,
mnbilicatd, aiifmctibus sex, plano-convexis, longitu-
diiiullter rugoso-striatis, suturd subtilite)- crenitlatis,
ciilumelld latiusculd, labro tenui, simplici ,• albidd,
ustulato-fusco phcs minusve tinctd.
Petit's Bulimus. Shell coaicaUy ovate, acoru-shaped,
umbilicated, whorls six in number, flatly convex, lon-
gitudinally roughly striated, finely crenidated at the
sutiu'e, columella rather broad, lip tliin, simple ;
whitish, more or less stained with burnt brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 31.
Hah. Chacopo, Bolivia.
Of rather light growth, creuulated at the suture in a
extremely characteristic.
Species 223. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus chloris. Bui. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, nub-
fusiformi, mristrali, anfractibns sex ad septem, convexis,
lamhii.-i (tilt hjiiijitiiiriiialitrr niiiiiitmiinii striatis, colu-
iiii'lld lii/ii. sitliriilhinii, iipi/rtnrd jjiirriiisculd, lairu re-
Jte.ro : inli'iisc i-itrimi-jUn-d, rnhihu-llu lahroqve alhis.
The canary-bird Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
somewhat fusiform, sinistral, whorls six to seven in
number, convex, smooth or longitudinally veiy
minutely striated, columella broad, somewhat callous,
aperture rather small, lip reflected ; deep citron
ycUow, lip and columella white.
Hah. Eastern Islands.
Though approximating very closely in general aspect to
the B. citrimis, I, feel strongly convinced that this is a
distinct species : the difference of form is permanent.
B^//fmfM M mm
<^
w
L^ ,'■' AxA rt, htl,
B U L I lAI U S .
Plate XXXVIII.
Species 234. (Mas. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS SEX-DENTATUS. Bid. testa cylhwlraceo-oUonyd,
Pupiformi, iasi carinatd et umbilicutd; mifractibus
octo, plano-co)wexis, loni/itudiiialiter con'ugato-striatis
et sukatis, ultimo pone labrnm biscrobicidato, labro
suhexpanso, aperturd subqnadratd, sex-deiitatd ; conieo-
albidd, aperturm fauce hie illic purpnreo-fimco tinctd.
The six-toothed Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
Pupa-shaped, keeled and umbilicated at the base ;
whorls eight in number, flatly convex, longitudinally
striated and grooved in a wrinkled manner, last
whorl with two indentations behind the lip, lip some-
what expanded, apertiu-e rather square, six-toothed ;
hoiTiy white, interior of the apertm-e stained here and
there with purple-brown.
Clausilia sex-clentata, Spix, Test. Bras., pi. 14. f. 3.
Pupa sex-dentata, Wagner.
Eab. Brazd.
Of a pecidiarly cylindrical form, grooved and striated in
a wrinkled manner much after the fashion of a Pupa.
Species 225. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus puxctulatissijius. Bid. tcstd ci/Umh-aceo-fusi-
formi, basi snbcariiiatd et umbilicidd, spira s/it/i/y's s/(b-
impressis ; mifractibus octo ad uovem, traii-iversiiii mb-
tilissime striatis et undique iuperficialiter indentatis,
labro late expanse, aperturd subcontractd, septem-
dentatd ; seiaipelliicido-albd, opaco-albd ad suturas,
apertures fauce pitrpurco-fiiscd.
The finely punctueed Bulimus. Shell cylindrically
fusiform, slightly keeled and umbilicated at the base,
sutures of the spire somewhat impressed ; whorls eight
to nine in number, transversely very finely striated
and everywhere superficially indented, lip broadly
expanded, apertiu'e somewhat contracted, seven-
toothed ; semitransparent white, opake white at the
sutiu'es, interior of the aperture purple-ljrowTi.
Clausilia piinctidatissima. Lesson, Voyage de la CoquiUe,
pi. 15. f 3.
Pupa scptem-pUcaia, Eossmasler.
Hah. Brazil.
It is incorrect to say that this shell is punctured ; the
surface is covered with superficial iudentatious, and it is
encircled throughout with very fine impressed striae.
Species 226. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Janeieensis. Bui. testd cylindraceo-fusifor.ni
uriibilicatd, aiifractibus octo adnovem, cor/ici-s, niliditlis
striis oblii/iiis, elevatiuscuUs, opaco-albis.fasciis loiii/itu-
October
dinalibns ornatis, columelld vni-plicafd : aperturd
snbquadratd, labro expanso, rosacea.
The Janeieo Bulimus. Shell cylindrically fusiform,
umbilicated, whorls eight to nine in number, horny,
shining, ornamented with oblique opake white strife
and longitudinal waved bands, columella plaited ;
aperture somewhat square, lip expanded, pink.
Soweeby, Conchological Illustrations, f 97.
Hai. Janeiro, BrazU.
A pretty delicately coloured shell with merely a simple
plait upon the columella.
Species 227. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus exesus. Bui. testd oblongo-fusiformi, mnbilicatd,
aiifractibus octo, snhmdriro'iis:, pcridiarifer corruijatis
et ImufdmliiiuVdi-r inilnilnlis : hdim liijissiini expnnso,
aperturd ■■nibquiiifnifu-uni/i, qiiailridvulatd, dentibus
laiiiiiiatis ; f/risro-albicaide, labro purpureo-riifescente.
The woem-eaten Bulimus. Shell oblong-fusiform,
mnbilicatcd, whorls eight in number, somewhat ven-
tricose, peculiaiiy ^\Tinkled and longitudinally in-
dented ; lip very widely expanded, aperture somewhat
squarely ovate, four-toothed, teeth laminated ; greyish
white, lip purple-red.
Clausilia exesa, Spix, Test. Bras., pi. 14. f. 1.
Pupa exesa, Wagner.
Pupa ringens, Jay.
Odontostoma exesum. Beck.
Hab. Brazil.
A fine species in which the surface is peculiarly longi-
tudinally indented, the lip widely expanded, and richly
coloured, and the teeth of the aperture prominent.
Species 228. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus odontostoma. Bid. testd cyliudraceo-etuHgald,
basi bicarinata et subampUter umbilicatd, aiifractibus
septem, convexis, oblique creberrime subtiliter striatis,
striis elemdis, iiiiiiiitissiiue granulaiis ; aperturd pro-
ductd, sepifiri-di'iiluld, uKirginibus conjunctis ; cupreo-
fiiscd, aperturd riibeiiti--
The toothed-mouth Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy
elongated, double-keeled and rather largely umbili-
cated at the base, whorls seven in number, convex,
obliquely very closely finely striated, strire raised,
very minutely gramdated ; apertm-e produced, seven-
toothed ; coppery-brown, aperture reddish.
SowEEBY, Zool. Journ., vol. i. p. 59.pl. 5. f 3.
Pupa odoutostoiua, Gray.
CocJdodiiw Gurgantua, De Ferussac.
1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XXXVII I.
ClamUia Gargantua, Deshayes.
Pupa erythrostoma, Menke.
Odontostoma Gargantua, Beck.
Macrodoides Sowerbyi, Swaiuson.
Hab. Brazil,
Distinguished by its delicate coppery brown colour, wliidi
obtains a satiny hue ft-om the stri;c being granulated.
Species 229. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BULIMUS Gkayanus. Bui. testa, cylindraceo-elongatd,
lateraliter compressd, siibcontortd, bad conspictw cari-
mtd et umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, driis spii-allbus et
obliquis undique decussatis, aperturd valde productd,
octo-dentatd, margiidbus conjunctis ; fused, aperturd
livido-purpurascente.
Gray's Bulimus. Shell cylindi-ically elongated, laterally
compressed, somewhat twisted, conspicuously keeled
and umbilicated at the base, whorls six in number,
decussated thi-oughout mth spiral and oblique striae,
aperture very much produced, eight-toothed, margins
joined ; brown, aperture livid-pm'ple.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845. p. 73.
Hab. Brazil.
This species has veiy much the appearance of being a
distorted example of the preceding ; it may prove distinct.
Species 230. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Pantagkuelinus. Bui. testa cylwdraceo-
oblongd, umiilicatd, anfractibus novem, siibventricosis,
longitudinaliter peculiaiiter corrugatd et indentatd ;
aperturd siibproductd, labro latissime incrassato et
expanse, intus profuse lamello-dentato ; ccBrulescenie-
albd, labro carneo-aurantio.
Pantagruel's Bulimus. Shell cylindrioally oblong,
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, somewhat ven-
tricose, longitudinally peculiarly wi-inkled and
indented ; aperture rather produced, lip very widely
thickened and expanded, profusely lamellarly toothed ;
bluish-white, lip flesh-tinted orange.
Cochlodi.na Fantagruelina, Moricand, Mem. Geneve, vol. vi.
p. .542. pi. 1. f. 7. 8.
Odontostoma Pantagrueliuiihi, Beck.
Odontostoma leucotrema. Beck.
Hab. BrazQ.
The largest species of this curious Brazilian gi-oup, dis-
tinguished by the bold reflection of the lip and singular
development of teeth.
Species 231. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Pupoides. BuL tr.s/d <;/liiiih-aceo-oblongd,
umbilicatd, vix carinatu, niifrnrH/iiis noci'iii, plam-con-
vexis, oblique teuuissime .ilrin/ix ,■ apcrt ard subproductd,
qwadrato-oblorigd, quadri- vel quinque-dentatd, supenie
bicanaliculatd, labro incrassato, expanso ; cormo-albidd,
strigis castanets perpaucis oblique pictd.
The Pupa-like Bulimus. Shell cybncWcally oblong,
umbilicated, scarcely keeled, whorls nine in number,
flatly convex, obliquely very finely striated ; aperture
somewhat produced, squarely oblong, fom-- or five-
toothed, with two naiTow channels at the upper part,
bp thickened, expanded ; homy white, obliquely
painted with a very few chesnut-browu stripes.
Clausilia Pupoides, Spix, Test. Bras., pi. 14. f. 4.
Pupa injlata, Wagner.
Pupa fasciata, Potiez et Michaud.
Cocldodottta Listeri, De Ferassac.
Pupa Listeri, Gray.
Cyclodontina Pupoides and Listeri, Beck.
Bulimus vitreus, Spix.
Hab. Brazil.
A solid shell with a somewhat transparent aspect,
Species 232. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Wagneri. Bui. testa cylindraceo-pyramidali,
umbilicatd, anfractibus undecem, tenumime rugoso-
striatis, suturis subrudibus ; aperturd quadridentatd,
labro simplici ; corneo-albidd, opaco-albo maculatd et
Jlammatd.
Wagner's Bulimus. Shell cylindi-ically pyramidal, um-
bilicated, whorls eleven in number, very finely rougldy
striated, sutures somewhat rude, apertiu-e four-
toothed, lip simple ; horny white, spotted and flamed
with opake white.
Pfeiffee, Monog. Hel. viv., vol. ii. p. 85.
Clausilia striata, Spix.
Pupa striata, Waguer.
Pupa turrita, Anton.
Pupa couspersa, Potiez and Michaud.
Pupa Spixii, D'Orbigny.
Cyclodonta striata. Beck.
Hah. IBrazU.
I quote the Clausilia striata, Spix, {Pupa Spixii,
D'Orbigny,) as synonymous with this species on the
authority of Dr. PfeiS'er, but with some doubt, for
D'Orbigny describes it as having the lip thickened and
reflected.
Species 333. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLI.MUS DENTATUs. Bid. testd subobcso-cylindraced,
' umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, convexis, oblique exiliter
i striata, aperturd dense sex-detdatd, labro producto, vix
rcjlexo ; albidd.
The toothed Bulimus. Shell somewhat stoutly cylin-
j drical, umbilicated, whorls seven in number, convex,
I obUqucly faintly striated, aperture tliickly six-toothed,
' lip produced, scarcely reflected ; whitish.
j King, Zool. Journal, vol. v. p. 340.
I Hab. Brazil.
! It is only to be presumed that this is the true B. di-ntatus
of Kins.
^/////////.y B HUT.
G B.S lei el, hUl
B U L I M U S .
Plate XXXIX.
Species 334. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Granadensis. Bid. testa, suhfimformi-ovatd,
tenui, vix umbilicatd, anfrcwtibus sex, veniricosis, irregu-
lariter striatis ; aperturd ovali, lahro ienuissimo, acuta ;
candeo-alhkante, luteo-aurantio iinctd, macidis oblongis
irregidaribus seriatim ornatd.
The Granada Bclimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, thin, scai-cely umbilicated, whorls six iu
number, ventricose, irregularly striated ; aperture
oval, lip very thin, acute ; bluish white, stained with
yellowish orange, and ornamented with rows of
ii-regular oblong blue-black spots.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 231.
Hab. Merida, New Granada ; Funck.
This specimen described by Dr. Pfeifl'er is apparently of
immature growth, though it exhibits all the characters of a
distinct siiecies.
Species 235. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bflimus badius. Bui. testa ovatd, ventricosd, vix um-
Idlicatd, aiifradibus sex, ventricosk, ruyoso-striatis, ad
sidtiras tenui-crenidatis ; columelld revolutd, apertjird
ovatd, labro temd ; fnlvescente-badid fusco fasciatis,
fasciis interniptis.
The bay Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose, scarcely
umbilicated, w-horls six in number, ventricose, roughly
striated, finely crenulated at the sutures ; columella
rolled back, aperture ovate, lip thin; light fidvous
bay, encircled with inteiTupted brown bands.
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1884, p. 141.
Hab. Province of Xagua, Peru ; Matthews.
There is a considerable resemblance iu the colouring of
this species to that of the B. tJiamnoicm.
Species 336. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLnirs papyraceus. Bid. testd fusiformi-ovatd, tenui,
i-i.r iii.i/idiri'fd, <iiifnndilii'x -sfti', sidwenU-icosU, lomjUit-
difiiililri- siiljlilixsi^.i:' jj/inito-striatis ; columelld rem-
hihi, apcrfiird orali, liiliro siibexpamo, temd, acido ;
alba, candeo-idgi-icaid.e uiidato-nebulatd, strits opaeo-
alhis.
The paper Bulimus. Shell fusiformly ovate, tkiu,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number, some-
what ventricose, longitudinally very finely plicately
striated; columella rolled back, aperture oval, lip
somewhat expanded, thin, sharp ; white, clouded in a
waved manner with blue-black.
TJellr pnpijrarea, Mawe.
CochhHjnia Idii, De Fcrussac.
BllllulllX ////«/7//«.S',Spix.
Bnliiiiis ld<(, Deshaycs.
Bulimus infiatus, Spix.
Bulimus magus, Wagner.
Hab. Brazil.
The shell named B. magus and infiatus, as above recorded,
is another state of the species of larger size.
Species 237. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tri-fasciatus. Bui. testa subpgramidali-ovatd,
soliduld, umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, Icevibus aut ob-
solete striatis, aperturd suborbiculari, labro conspicue
refiexo ; albidd, rufo-fusco basin versus fasciatd, apicem
versus cinereo punctidatd, labro albo.
The three-banded Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyra-
midally ovate, rather solid, umbilicated, whorls
six in number, smooth or obsoletely striated, aperture
rather orbicular, lip conspicuously reflected ; whitish,
banded with reddish brown towards the base, finely
dotted with ash coloiu- towards the apex, lip white.
HeUx trifmdata, Chemnitz, vol. is. p. lo."i. pi. 134. f. 131.5.
Cocldogeiia trizonaUs, De Ferussac.
Bulimus zonatus, Swainson.
Hab. Ceylon; Gardner.
The shell here represented agrees much better with
Mr. Swainson's figure, B. zonatus, Zool. Illus., pi. 17, than
with Chemnitz's above quoted. I believe, however, with
Dr. Pfeiffer, they are varieties of the same species.
Species 233. (JIus. Curding.)
Bulimus multicolor. Bui. testd conico-ovatd, sububliqui:
cumolutd, umbilicatd, anfractibus quinqiie, sub lente
minutissime granulatis, ultimo ventricoso ; aperturd
snboblique oblongd, labro tenuiculo, vix refiexo ; opaco-
albd, olivaceo tinctd,fiammis purpureo-fmcis variegatd,
apertura fauce violasceide, labro vivide rosea.
The many-coloured Bulimus. Shell conieaUy ovate,
somewhat obliquely convoluted, umbOicated, whorls
five iu niunber, very minutely gi'anulated under the
lens, last whorl ventricose ; apertm-e rather obliquely
oblong, Hp rather thin but sUghtly reflected ; opake
white, olive-stained, variegated with pm'ple-brown
flames, ulterior of the aperture violet, lip bright rose.
Hdix multicolor, Rang, Auuales des Sci. Nat., 1S31, p. 55.
pi. 3. f. 1.
October, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XXXIX.
Gonyostoma multicolor, Beck.
Hal). BrazU.
The last whorl of this pretty species is distinguished by
a peculiar swollen oblique growth.
Species 239. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLi.Mus JIiERSii. Bid. testa fmiforml-oUoiuja, late
umbilicatd, spird acuminata, afifractibus sex, lavibus,
sub lente seriatim min-utmime pimctulatis ; aperturd
oblongo-ovali, labro cmispicue refiexo ; pallide caidaned,
opaco alio varieyatu, intus pnrpureo-violascente, labro
vivide roseo.
MiERs' BuLiMDS. Shell fusiformly oblong, broadly um-
bilicated, spire acuminated, whorls sis in number,
smooth, very minutely punctured in rows beneath the
lens; apertui-e oblong-oval, lip conspicuously re-
flected ; light chesnut, variegated with opake white,
interior tinged with purple-white, lip bright rose.
SowEEBY, Conch. Dlus., f. 'JO.
Hab. Brazil.
Dr. Pfeifl'er en-s gi-eatly in regarding tliis as a variety of
the preceding species ; it has certainly a general resemblance
to it, but, as an attentive comparison of the foregoing
descriptions wdl show, it is specihcally distinct throughout.
Species 240. (llus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Crichto>;i. Bui. testa subfusiformi, crassiusculd,
anfractibus sex ad septem, longitudiiialiter creberrime
7-ude plieato-liraiis ; colmnelld callosd, basi retrorsum
contortd, aperturd oblonyd, basi canaliculatd, labro
incrassato, expanse, vix refiexo ; flavicante-albd, fusco
prope apicem exiliter fiamniatd, olivaceo-viridi inter
liras fasciatd et irrcgulaiiter tinctd, colmnelld vivide
purpicreo-rosed.
Crichton's BuLinrus. Shell somewhat fusiform, rather
thick, whorls six to seven in number, longitudinally
very closely rudely plicately ridged ; columella callous,
twisted backwards at the base, aperture oblong, chan-
nelled at the base, lip thickened, expanded, scarcely
reflected ; yellowish white, faintly flamed with brown
near the apex, banded and irregularly stained with
olive-grccn between the ridges, columella deep purple-
rose.
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1836, p. 44.
Hab. Ambo, near Huanueo, Peru; Sir Alexander Crichton.
The channel of the base of this remarkable species, of
which this is, I believe, the only specimen known, is thought
by Mr. Broderip to be a distortion.
Species 241. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS FULViCAXS. But. testa conico-ovatd, temd.
bilicatd, unfractibtts sex ad septem, subrotundatis,
creberrime spiraliter elevaio-striatis, striis aliis minu-
tis obliiiue decnssatis ; columelld plano-revolutd, labro
simplici, acuta ; undigue ru/escenie-fulvd.
The fulvous Bulimus. Shell conieaUy ovate, thin,
umbilicated, whorls six to seven in number, some-
what rounded, very closely spii'ally elevately striated,
obliquely crossed with other minute strise ; columella
flatly roUed back, lip simple, sharp ; reddish fulvous
thi-oughout.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel. nv., vol. 2. p. 99.
Hab. SeycheUe Islands.
Of a uniform reddish fulvous colour, closely spirally
striated in a very characteristic manner.
Species 242. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus jussieui. Bid. testd oblongo-ovatd, ieniiiculd,
vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter rude
striatis, transversim sub lente obscure seriatim punctu-
latis ; columelld revohtd, labro simplici, acuto ; corneo-
fused, hie illic saturatius strigatd.
JussiEu's Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin,
scarcely imibUicated, whorls six in number, longitu-
dinally rudely striated, transversely obscurely finely
punetui'ed under the lens in rows ; columella rolled
back, lip simple, sharp, flesh-tinted brown, streaked
here and there of a darker colour.
Valenciennes, MSS. Pfeifl'cr, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1 846, p. 33.
Hab. Cusoo.
Resembling B. granulosus somewhat in general aspect.
Species 243. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus melo. Bui. testd ovatd, tenuiculd subvenlri-
cosd, vix umhilicatd, anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter
rude striatis, ad suturas subplicaiis ; columelld revo-
lufd, labro simplici, temd ; intus exf usque nigrieante-
purpured, extusfuho longitudinaliter varie flammatd et
siriatd.
The melon Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thin, ventri-
cose, scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number,
longitudinally rudely striated, slightly plicated at the
sutures; columella rolled back, lip simple, thiu;
blackish-purple within and without, \ariously lougi-
tudinaUy flamed :md striated without with fulvous
eolom-.
GuoY and Gaimakd, Voy. de I'Astrol. Zoo!., vol. ii. ji. iii.
pi. 9. f. 8, 9,
Hab. New Holland.
Varied externally with dark bvowu and yellowisli tlanie^.
and tinged with rich purple brown in the interior.
BuIimU'S, I'l/ ^ZZ
/
.^
B U L I M U S
Plate XL.
Species 24.-i. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLisius Mexicancs. Bui. testa acmwbmto-ovatd, teiiui,
vix nmbilicatd, anfradibus sex ad septeni, lovgitu-
dhmliter tenuistnatis ; columella reflexd, labro fei/iii,
simpUci ; albidd, nigricante-fusco tri-quadri-sonatd.
The Mexican Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, thin,
but sUghtly umbilicated, whorls six to seven in
number, longitudinally finely striated; columella
reflected, lijj thin, simple ; whitish, encircled by tlu'ce
or four zones of blackish brown.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., (Deshayes' edit.) vol. viii. p.
232.
Cocldogena vittata, De Ferussac.
Hab. Mexico.
Approximating in general aspect to the B. Carlbaonim
of the West Indies.
Species 245. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus lucidus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, te?iui, corned,
pdlucidd, vix timbilicatd, anfractibua sex, conve.vis,
laviiiis, nitentibus, sub lente creberrime spiraliter
impresso-striatis ; columella reflexd, labro simplioi,
acuto ; palUde stramiiied.
The clear Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate, thin, horny,
transparent, scarcely umbUicated, whorls six in
number, convex, smooth, shining, very closely spirally
impressly striated.
Hah. St. Vincents, Guilding.
This shell has the name fragilm attached to it in
i'L-. Cuming's collection, but it is not the B./ragUis of
Lamarck, which, according to M. Deshayes, is the yomig
of the British Lynmea stagnalis.
Species 246. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus vimineus. Bui. subpyramidali-ovatd, basi sub-
obliqtw productd, vix umbilieatd, anfractibus septe^n,
convexis, glairis ; columella reflexd, aperturd oblique
angulatd-effusd, labro subexpanso, non rejlexo ; albd,
luteo et cinereo-carulescente conspicue longitudinaliter
vittatd, npertura. fauce castaneo-fuscd, labro albo.
The wicker Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyi-amidally
ovate, obliquely produced at the base, scarcely um-
l)ilicated, whoris seven in number, convex, smooth.
columella reflected, apertm-e obliquely angularly
efltised, lip somewhat expanded, not reflected ; white,
conspicuously longitudinally filleted with stripes
of ashy blue and yellow, interior of the aperture
chcsnut-brown, lip white.
Helix zimhiea, Moricand, Mem. de Geneve, vol. vi. p. 540.
pi. Lf. 5.
Hab. Brazil.
A very chai-acteristio species both in respect of form and
colouring.
Species 247. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus undulatus. Bui. testd suhfusiformi-ovatd, luu-
bilicatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, convexiusculis,
glabris, ultimo basi obtuse angulatis ; columella reflexd,
aperturd oblongo-ovali, labro acuto, vix reflexo ; albidd,
luteo et livido-brumieo conspicue mididatd.
The waved Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
umbQicated, whorls six to seven in number, rather
convex, smooth, last whorl obtusely angled at the
base ; columella reflected, apertm'c oblong-oval, lip
shai-p, but slightly reflected ; whitish, conspicuously
waved with yellow and Uvid brown.
Bulimulus undulatus, GuQding, Zool. Jom-n., vol. iv. ]>. 169.
Hub. St. Vincents, West Indies.
A prettdy striped species described some years since by
the Eev. Lansdowne Giulding, but stdl rare.
Species 248. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus angulatus. Bui. testd ovato-fusiformi, umbi-
lieatd, basi attenuatd, anfractibus octo, convexis,
lavibus ; columelld late reflexd, aperturd inferne canali-
culatd, labro subexpanso, non reflexo ; candescente-albd,
strigis fuscis longitudinalibus Jdc illic irregulariter
pictd, strigd saturatiore pone lahruui, labro albo, apirf
nigra.
The angled Bulimus. Shell ovately fusiform, umbili-
cated, attenuated at the base, whorls eight in number,
convex, smooth ; columella broadly reflected, aperture
channelled at the lower part, lip somewhat expanded,
not reflected ; bluish-white, painted irregularly here
and there with brown streaks, with a darker streak
behind the Up, lip white, apex black.
Wagner, SpLx, Test. Bras., p. 14. pi. 13. f. 3.
Hab. BrazO.
BULIMUS.— Plate XL.
Distinguished by the apertm-e being attemiately pro-
longed at the base, so as to form a channel.
Species 249. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs FUsiFORMis. Bitl. tedd elongato-fmiformi, um-
bilieatd, basi attematd, compressd et retrorsmi subcon-
iortd, anfractiius novm ad decern, plano-convexis,
lonffitudimliter obscure striatis ; columella late reflexd,
aperturd mbelongatd, basi late canaliculatd, labro
expamo nan reflexo ; fimescente, strigis fuscis longitu-
dinalibus hie illic irret/ulariter pictd, strigd saturatiore
pone labrum.
The fusiform Bulimus. Shell elongately fusifomi,
umbilicated, attenuated at the base, compressed and
slightly twisted backwards, whorls nine to ten in
number, flatly conve.N;, longitudinally obscurely stri-
ated ; columella broadly reflected, aperture somewhat
elongated, broadly channelled at the lower part, lip
expanded, not reflected ; pale brown, painted irregu-
larly here and there mth brown streaks, with a
darker streak behind the bp.
Helix fusiformis, Eang, Ann, des Sci. Nat., p. 60. pi. 3. f. 2.
Bulimtis duMosus, Jay.
Bvlimus angulatus, var ? Deshayes.
Hab. Brazil
There is a remarkable affinity between this and the pre-
ceding species, which is not shared by any other ; they are
nevertheless permanently distinct.
Species 250. (Mus. Cuming.)
liuLiMUS Deshayesii. Bill, testa elorujato-turritd, umhili-
catd, an/ractibus novem, roiimdafis, subtiliter impresso-
striatis, ad suturas obscure crennlatis, colurnelld reflexd,
aperturd parvd, simpUci; violascente-albd, maculis
sfrigisque viridi-fuscis irregulariter pictd, aperturce
fame roseo-ptirpured.
Deshayes' Bulimds. Shell elongately tiureted, umbili-
cated, whorls nine in number, rounded, finely im-
pressly striated, obscm-ely crenulated at the sutui-es,
columella reflected, apertm-e small, simple; violet-
tinged white, irregularly painted with greenish-brown
streaks and blotches, interior of the aperture rose-
purple.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 73.
Hab. Venezuela; Dyson.
Quite unlike any other species at present known.
bilicaid, anfractibus septew, convexk, lavibus, ant
obscure striatis ; colurnelld Me reflexd, aperturd par-
viusculd, labro simplici, acuta; carulescente-albd,
idgricante-castaneo hie illic longituditialiter ma/nilatd
aut strigatd.
The Loxa Bulimus. Shell eylindrically oblong, umbili-
cated, whorls seven in number, convex, smooth, or
obscurely striated; columella broadly reflected,
apertm-e rather small, lip simple, sharp; bluish-
white, here and there longitudinally streaked and
blotched with blackish chesnut.
Pfeiffer, MSS., Mus. Cuming.
Hab. El Catamaija, Loxa, Quito ; Hartweg.
Of a peculiarly bluish-white, painted in a vei-y irregular
manner with dark more or less interrupted streaks.
Species 251. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Loxensis. Bui. testd cylindraceo-ohlongd, um-
Species 252. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus serpekastrus. Bui. testa eonico-obhngd, uni-
biiicatd, anfractibus septem, convexiusculis, leevHus ;
colurnelld reflexd, labro subexpanso, vix reflexo ; albidd,
fasciis ad sex caruleo-fuscis irregularibus, interruptis,
cingulatd.
The bandaged Bulimus. Shell conically oblong, imi-
bOicated, whorls seven in number, slightly convex,
smooth ; columella reflected, lip somewhat expanded,
scarcely reflected ; whitish, encii-cled with about six
irregular interrupted bluish-brown bands.
Say, Descr. New Terr. SheUs, p. 25.
Hab. Mexico.
Banded in a particidar manner, whilst the species is
also peculiar in form.
Species 253. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Bulimus durus. Bui. testd subgloboso-ovatd, umbilicatd,
aifractibus septem, rotuiidatis, striis longitudinalibus
et tramversis subtilissime decassatd ; colurnelld reflexd,
labro simplici, vix reflexo; fulvicante, medio albi-
zoitatd.
The hard Bulimus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
umbilicated, whorls seven in mmiber, rounded, very
finely decussated with longitudinal and transverse
striEE; colmnella reflected, lip simple, scarcely
reflected; pale fulvous colour with a white zone
roimd the middle.
Spix, Test. Bras., p. 5.pl.6.f. 2.
Hab. Brazil.
Very closely allied in form to dwarf specimens of B.
heterotrichii
Biilmim, fL.XL/.
H."
tB S M et Mh_,
BULIMUS.
Plate XLI.
Species 254. (Mus. Dcnnison.)
BuLiMUS SUBSEMICLAUSDS. Bill, testa suhabbreviato-ovatd,
temdculd, ventricosd, a»/mctibus quinqne, lavibus, vel
sub lente minutissime impresso-striatis, anfractu ultimo,
subangulato ; columella, depressd, labro peculiariter
plaiio-rejiexo ; ladeo-albidd, obscure fusco-cingnlatd,
pmiclis opaco-albls fusco-imibratis notatd, castaned
circa columellam.
The partially-closed Bulimus. Shell somewhat ab-
breviately ovate, rather thiu, ventricose, whorls five in
number, smooth or very minutely impressly striated
under the lens, last whorl slightly angulated ; colu-
mella depressed, lip peculiarly flatly turned inwards;
yellowish-white, obscurely belted with brown, marked
with brown-shaded opakc white dots, chesnut around
the columella.
Petit, Magasin de Zoologie, 1843, MoU. pi. 66.
Hob. Santa Fe di Bogota.
This singidar species may at once be recognised by the
curioiis inwardly reflected growth of the bp.
Species 255. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS MARMAEINUS. Bul. testd subci/Uiidraceo-
obhngd, nmbilicatd, anfractibiis sex ad septem, concen-
trice sttbrude striatis ; columelld subplicatd et late
plano^efiexd, labro vixreflexo; albidd, castaneo fascia-
tim maculatd et lonffitudiualiter uudatd.
The marbled Bulimus. Shell somewhat cyUndrically
oblong, umbiUcated, whorls six to seven in number,
concentrically somewhat rudely striated ; columeUa
slightly plaited, and broadly flatly reflected, Up
scarcely reflected ; whitish, spotted in a banded
manner and longitudinaDy waved with chesnut.
D'Okbigny, Voy. dans I'Amcr. Merid., p. 310. pi. 39. f.
11, 12.
Hab. YuBgas, Bolivia (under dead leaves aud stones in
woods near the river MeguUla); D'Orbigny.
Characterized by a waved pattern in the painting as
well as by a peculiar roundness of form.
256. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus canaliculatus. Bul. testd subfusiformi-
ovatd, basi peculiariter compresso-carinatd et umbili-
catd, anfructibus sex ad septem, convexis, loi/ijitiidi-
ualiter rugoso-striatis ; colwmelld reflexd, aperturd
oblongd, inferne conspiciie canaliculatd ; albidd, pur-
purascente-spadiceo strigatd et marnioratd, intuspurpn-
rascente.
The channelled Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusifornity
ovate, pecidiarly compressly keeled and umbilicated
at the base, whorls six to seven in number, convex,
longitudinally roughly striated ; columella reflected,
aperture oblong, conspicuously channelled at the
lower part ; whitish, streaked and marbled with
pm-pUsh bay, interior purplish.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1845. p. 68.
Hab. New Granada.
Chiefly remarkable on account of its abruptly contracted
growth at the base, which looks pushed inwards as it were.
Species 257. (Mus. Adamson.)
Bulimus Lyonnetianus. Bul. testa pyramidali-conicd,
basi latissime et abrupte augulald, profundi umbilicatd,
anfractibiis octo, longitudinaliter rugoso-striatis, striia
apieem versus elevatioribus et regulariius, anfractu
ultimo sinistrorsum gibboso-producto ; aperturd ovatd,
labro reflexo ; albidd, epidermide flavicante indutd.
Lyonnet's Bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical, very
broadly and abruptly angled at the base, deeply um-
bdicated, whorls eight in number, longitudinally
roughly striated, striae more elevated and regular
towards the apex, last whorl gibbously produced on
the left side ; aperture ovate, lip reflected ; whitish,
covered with a yellowish epidermis.
Eelix Li/omietiana, Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, vol. x.
pi. 3. f. 7, 8.
Trochus Lyonnetianus, Chemnitz.
Trochm distortus, GmeUn.
Helix distorta, BmTows.
Fu2>a imdioUnus, Bowditch.
Hab. Mauritius.
This remarkable species, which partakes very much of
the character of certain Pupce, was originally named by
Pallas, in honour of M. Lyounet, an eminent anatomist
and anatomical engraver of the last century, resident at
the Hague.
October, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XLI.
Species 258. (Fig. a and h, Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS NAYicuLA. Bid. testd abireviato-CQnicd, basl
peculiariter plano-tnmcatd, subobscure umbilicald, an-
fractihm sex, subtUUer striatis et corrugato-malleatis,
ultimo dextrormm valde prudmto ; aperturd in/erne
canaUcidatd, Inbro mibrefiem ; albidd, cceruleo-fiisco
mariiim-atd, sapl bdeiise roseo-castaneo Mifasdatd,
labro cburneo.
The little bark Bclimus. SheO abbreviately conical,
peculiarly flatly truncated at tlie base, somewhat
obscm-ely umbilicated, whorls six in number, finely
striated and indentated in a wrinkled manner, last
whorl much produced towards the right ; aperture
channelled at the lower part, lip slightly reflected ;
whitish, marbled with bluish brown, often broadly
banded with deep rose-chesnut, lip ivoiy white.
Helix navicula, Wagner, Spix, Test. Bras., pi. 15. f. 3,3.
Bidimm auris-leporis, Forussac.
Bidmns lateralis, Menke.
Otostoma navicula, Beck.
Hab. Bahia, Brazil ; Spix, Moricand.
Amply distinguished by its extraordinary mode of
growth, of which an approximation is offered in the
species which follows.
Species 359. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus auris-leporis. Bui. testd subpyramidali-ovatd,
bad depresso-convexd, umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, sub-
tiliter striatis et corrugato-malleatis, avfractu ultimo
dextrorswm sidiproducto, aperturd descetidente, labro
expanse, vix refiexo ; albd, nigro vel fusco marmoratd
aid strigatd, in/ertie miifasciatd, labro eburneo.
The hare's-ear Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, depressly convex, umbilicated, whorls six in
number, finely striated and indentated in a wrinkled
manner, last whorl slightly produced towards the
right, with the aperture descending, lip expanded,
scarcely reflected ; white, marbled or streaked with
black or bromi, with a single band round the lower
part, lip ivory white.
Bruguieee, Enc. Meth., vol. i. p. 346.
Auricula leporis, Lamarck.
Cocldogena auris-leporis, Ferussac.
Pupa auris-leporis. Gray.
Bidir/ius lagotis, Menke.
Otostoma lagotis. Beck.
Hab. Brazil.
The plan of growth and detail of sculptm-e are the same
as in the B. navicula, in which species they may be said to
be fancifully exaggerated.
Species 360. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus coarctatus. Bid. testd conico-ovatd, soliduld,
umbilicatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, laviAus, aut sub
lente subtiliter decussatim striatis; cohimelld incras-
satd, rejlexd, aperturd coarctatd, labro plane expanso,
latiusculo ; albd, superne Uriels interruptis, inferne
fasciis, fusco-nigricantibus cingulatd, apice nigro, lahro
eburneo.
The contracted Bulimus. Shell eonically ovate,
rather solid, umbilicated, whorls six to seven in
number, smooth under the lens, finely decussately
striated ; columella thickened, reflected, aperture con-
tracted, lip flatly expanded, rather broad ; white,
encircled round the upper part with brown-black
interrupted Hues, round the lower with bauds, Kp
ivory white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 73.
Bab. ?
Somewhat Fartula-^Sk^ in aspect, though not possessing
the characters of that genus.
. Species 261. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus auris-muris. Bui. testd conico-ovatd, basi
depresso-pland, subobscure umbilicatd, anfractihus sex
ad septem, planiusculis, Icevibus, stib lente subtiliter
malleatis; columella late rejlexd, aperturd lateraliter
plano-contortd, subtrigond, labro refiexo ; albd, lineis
ccerideo-nigricantibus cingulatd, labecidis pallidioribus
obliquis.
The mouse's-eae Bulimus. Shell conicaUy ovate,
depressly flattened at the base, somewhat obscurely
mnbilicated, whorls six to seven in number, rather
flattened, smooth, finely indented under the lens;
columella broadly reflected, aperture flatly contracted
at the side, somewhat triangular, lip reflected ; white,
encircled by narrow bluish-black bands, and oblique
dashes of a lighter hue.
Helix auris-muris, Moricand, jMem. de Geneve, vol. viii. p.
140. pi. 3. f. 1-3.
Otostoma myotis. Beck.
Hab. Baliia, Brazil.
Although partaking of the form and minute detail of
sculpture presented in the B. navicula and auris-leporis,
this is a very distinct and characteristic species.
Bu/ww.s.PlXlH.
/
aBt; del rt utii
B U L I M U S
Species 262. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Ver.\xyi. Bui. testa conico-globosd, sjiird hrevi,
anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, ventricosk, creberniw
minute granulatis ; columella subplicatd, labro reflexo ;
fidvd, fusco subindistincte punctatd, strigis albidisful-
guratd, epidermide tenui indutd^ labro eorneo-albido.
Verany's Bulimus. Shell conically globose, spii-e short,
whorls foiu' to five in number, veutrieose, veiy closely
minutely granulated ; columella slightly plaited, lip
reflected; yellowish, somewhat indistinctly dotted
with brown, marked with white lightning-like streaks,
and covered with a thin epidermis, lip flesh-tinted
white.
Pfeiffer, Tro. Zool. Soc, 1847, p. 230.
Hal). Cliacopo, Province of Merida, New Granada.
In some specimens the white zigzag streaks are not
Species 263. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus auADRicoLOR. Bui. testd tenui, sub-depresso-
ovatd, Succineieformi, sjnrd brevi, anfractibus quatuor,
oblique elevato-striatis ; columella lortuosd, aperturd
ampld, lahro tenuiter reflexo; pellucido-corned, luted,
fusco nunc undulatd, nunc punctatd, epidermide tenui
luteo-punctatd indutd, epidermide sericed secundd in
strigis longitudinalibus antrorsum peculiariter serratis,
The four-coloured Bulimus. Shell somewhat dc-
pressly ovate, Succinea-shaped, spire short, whorls
four- in number, obliquely elevately striated ; columella
twisted, aperture large, lip thirdy reflected; trans-
pai-ent-horny, yellow, sometimes waved, sometimes
dotted with brown, covered with a thin yellow-dotted
epidermis, with a second light silken epidermis in
longitudinal streaks peculiarly serrated along the
anterior edge, lip purple-rose.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 229.
Hab. Chacopo, Province of Merida, New Granada.
A delicate and beautiful species collected in the same
locality with the preceding by M M. Fmick and Linden.
Species 264. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Suucinoides. Bui. testd depresso-ovatd, Sue
October,
cineaforiui, spird brevissimd, anfractibus quatuor,
oblique striatis et creberrime minute gramdatis ,- colu-
melld tortttosd, aperturd perampld, labro reflexo ; sub-
corned, lutescente, fascia mturali castaned, epidermide
olivaceo-fuscd indutd, epidermide secundd sericed in
strigis brevibus obliquis e suturis descendentibus, labro
albido.
The Succinea-like Bulimus. Shell depressly ovate,
Succinea-shaped, spire very short, whorls four in
number, obliquely striated and very closely minutely
granidated; columella tortuous, aperture very large,
lip reflected ; somewhat horny, yellowish, with a dark
chesnut sutural band, covered with an olive brown
epidermis, and a second silken one descending from
the sutm-es in short oblique streaks, lip whitish,
Petit, Magasin de Zoologie, 1841, Moll. pi. 31.
Hob. Santa Fe di Bogota.
The form of this species, contrasted with that oiB. Lyon-
netianus and navicida, is remarkable.
Species 265. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Sowerby ; Fig. c,
Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Cathcartijj. Bid. testd ovatd, ventricosd, spird
brevi, anfractibus quinque, oblique subtilissime striatis,
anfractu ultimo maximo, aperturd patuld, labro sitblate
refl.exo ; albidd vel purpurascente-castaned, epidermide
luteo-olivaced indutd, epidermide sericed secundd, plus
mimisve pulcJierrinie et varie configuratd, intus purpu-
rascente-castaned, labro roseo.
Cathcart's Bulimus. Shell ovate, veutrieose, spire
short, whorls five in number, obliquely very finely
striated, last whorl very large, apertm-e wide open,
lip somewhat broadly reflected ; whitisli, or pui-plish
chesnut, covered with a yeUowish-olive epidermis,
and a second silken one which is more or less
beautifully and variously configm'cd, interior purple-
chesuut,-lip pink.
Hab. ProTOice of Merida, New Granada ; Linden.
In addition to the beautiful association of foi-m and
colour in this species, it is further distinguished by a
remarkable configiu'ation of the outer membrane of the
epidermis, which is variously disposed in diflerent speci-
mens. The B. Catlicartia resembles in some degi-ee the
B.pintadhius, D'Orbigny, MoU. Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid.
1S4S.
BULIMUS.— Plate XLII.
of which the author informs us he collected a siugle dead
specimen in a damp forest at the base of the Eastern
Cordilleras of Bolivia, but possesses neither the form nor
marking of that species.
I am indebted to Mi-. Linden, the botanical traveller in
New Granada, for the possession of several examples of
this chaste and beautiful shell, characterized by different
patterns of epidermis, and have thought it a subject not
unworthy of being dedicated to an eminent collector in
Nort-h Britain, the Honom-able Airs. Cathcart, distinguished
by her zeal and affability.
Species 366. (Mus. Dennison.)
BcLiJius GLANDiroEMis. Bill, testd ovatci, ventrkmd,
vix nmhilicatd, anfractibus quatiwr ad quitiqw, rugoso-
striatis et granulatis, colmnelld subtorttwsd, lajbro suh-
late reflexo ; fumeo-albidd, strigis brevihis fiiscis e
suturis fulguratd, epidermide olivaced, luteo-punctatd
et marmorutd, indtdd.
The acorn-shaped Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose,
scarcely umbiEcated, whorls four to five in number,
roughly striated and granulated, columella slightly
twisted, lip rather broadly reflected ; smoky-white,
marked with short zigzag brown streaks out of the
sutures, covered mth an olive epidermis, dotted and
mottled with yellow.
Lea, Extr. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Philadelphia, pi. 23.
f. 92.
Hab. New Granada.
It is not without some doubt that I attribute this shell
to Mr. Lea's B. glandiformis, whose figure is very obscure.
Species 267. fMus. Dennison.)
BuLiMTJS PULiCAEius. Bul. testd ovatd, termiculd, vix
umbilkatd, anfrcwtiius quaiuor ad quhigue, injlatis,
subtilUer gramdatis, longitudirialUer rugoso-striatk,
traiisversim obscure sidcutis ; columelld late reflexd.
aperturd mbampld, labro reflexo ; albidd, castaneo
irregulariter punctata, labro et interdum fame aper-
turce pnrpwraiceide-rosek, epidermide olivaceo-fuscd
ant viridescetde indidd.
The FLEA-SPOTTED BuLiMUS. Shell ovate, rather thin,
scarcely umbiUcated, whorls four to five in number,
inflated, finely granulated, longitudinally roughly
striated, transversely obscurely grooved ; columella
broadly reflected ; whitish, irregularly dotted with
chesnut, Mp and sometimes the interior of the aperture
purple-rose, covered with an olive-brown or greenish
epidermis.
Hub. New Granada.
A delicate species more or less irregularly dotted with
black, and richly coloured with rose-purple about the lip
and aperture.
Species 268. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus plectostylus. Bul. testd ovatd, crassiusnild,
vix nmbilicatd, anfractibus quatnor ad quinque, rugoso-
striatk et minute granulatk, colmnelld tortuosd et
fortiter plicatd, labro incrassato, reflexo; fumeo-
castaned, punetk perpaiwk nigrk obscure notatd,
epidermide fused indutd, epidermide secundd alba in
strigis brevibus e suturk fulguratd.
The twisted-column Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather
thick, scarcely umbilicated, whorls foui- to five in
number, roughly striated and minutely granulated,
columella tmsted and strongly plaited, lip thickened,
reflected ; smoky chesnut, obscurely marked with
a few black dots, covered with a brown epidermis,
and a second white epidermis emerging from the
sutures in short zigzag streaks.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847, p. 230.
Hab. Chacopo, Province of Merida, New Granada ; Punck.
From the same locality as the preceding species, re-
markable for its twisted columella.
Buiwui^- II J J. in .
U
BULIMUS.
Plate XLIII.
Species 269. (Mus. Dennison.)
BuLiMus TRi-BALTEATDS. Bid. testd suhfusiformi-ovatd,
nix umbilicatd, aufractibits sex, convexk, lavigath,
vel minute longitudimliter siriatis ; aperturd parviits-
culd, labro subreflexo ; pallida stramined, zonis tribus
ca-itaneis compieiie balteatd, labro vivide rosacea.
The three-belted Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusi-
formly ovate, slightly umbilicated, whorls six in
number, convex, smooth, or minutely longitudinally
striated ; aperture rather small, lip slightly reflected,
pale straw colour, conspicuously belted with thi-ee
chesnut zones, lip bright pink.
Hab. Santa Fe di Bogota.
A chaste and delicately coloured species, not hitherto
described, in the collection of J. Dennison Esq.
Species 270. (Fig. a and i, Mus. Dennison ;
Fig. c, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Knorri. Bid. testd fusiformi-ovatd, bast sub-
aiigulato-productd, ampUter mnbilicatd, anfractibus
septem, lavibus, sub hnte tramversim minute striatis
et indentatis ; cohimelld late refiexd, aperturd oblongo-
ovali, basi attenuatd, quasi sinuatd, labro expanso,
nix reflexo ; stramined, aut purpureo-fuscd, ant cceru-
hscente-fnsco obscure famiutu, labro intns aut rosea
aid vividi croceo.
Knorr's Bulimus. Shell fusiformly ovate, somewhat
angidarly produced at the base, largely umbiHcated,
whorls seven in number, smooth, beneath the lens
minutely transversely striated and indented ; colu-
mella broadly reflected ; straw coloiu', or purple-
brown, or obscm-ely banded with bluish-brown, inner
edge of the Up pink or deep saffron yellow.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel. viv., p. 95.
3ab. La Guayra.
Chiefly distinguished by a peculiar attenuation of the
apertm-e, and by the deep pink or saft'ron coloiu-ing of the
lip. The outer colomingof the shell is extremely variable.
Species 271. (Mus. Dennison.)
Bulimus xaxthostoma. Bnl. tedd fmiformi.-ovatd,
ampliter umbUicutd, spird ■wbucumiiiatd, anfractibus
octo, Itsnibus, sub lente transnersim minute striatis et
indentatis, columelld late rejlexd, aperturd ovatd, labro
late expanso, nix rejlexo ; pallid^ stramined nel auran-
tid, apice rosed, labro vivide croceo.
The yellow-mouth Bulimus. Shell fusiformly ovate,
largely lunbUicated, spire somewhat acuminated,
whorls eight in niunber, smooth, transversely mi-
nutely striated and indented under the lens, columeUa
broadly reflected, aperture ovate, lip broadly ex-
panded, scarcely reflected ; pale straw colour or
orange, pink at the apex and bright safiron yellow
at the Up.
D'Orbiony, Voy. dans I'Amer. Mend. p. 312. pi. 40.
f. 1, 2.
Ilab. BoUvia and Santa Fc di Bogota.
Mainly distmguished from the preceding species by its
more acuminated gi'owth, comprising a whorl more, and
less oblong form of the aperture.
Species 272. (Mus. Brit.)
Bulimus Bairdii. Bui. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, cra&sd,
anfractibus septem, plano-convexis, columelld callosita-
tibiis grandibus duabus mutiitd, aperturd parviusculd,
labro incrassato, rejlexo ; alhd fusco-tinctd, columelld
labroqiie ebimieis, apertura fauce croced.
Baird's Bulimus. SheU cyUndrically oblong, thick,
whorls seven in number, flatly convex, columella
furnished with two large caUosities, aperture rather
smaU, Up thickened, reflected ; white, stained with
brown, Up and columella ivory white, interior of the
apertm-e safR-on-yeUow.
Ilab. ?
This very interesting shell partakes of the characters of
the B. auris-bovina and auiis-Mida;, the latter of which,
as may be seen by a comparison of the figiu-e at PL 28,
with one in Martyn's Universal Conchologist (sub nom.
Helix f brains), assumes very diS'erent aspects, but none
with which the present agrees.
I have the pleasure to name this species in honour of
Dr. Baird of the British Museum, as a trifling acknow-
ledgment of his great diUgence in sorting the specimens
of the national collection, preparatory to their being criti-
callv arranged and named.
October, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XLIII.
Species 273. (Fig. a and h, Mus. Dennison.)
BuLiMUS MUEEINUS. Bill, testd fusiformi-ovatd, vix uriM-
licatd, anfractibm sex, convexis, IcBvibus, poUtis, ultimo
bad subproductd et attenuatd ; aperturd suboblongd,
inferne leuiter sinuatd, labro expamo, vix refiexo ;
albidd, livido-olivaceo aid ceeruleo-nigro longitudinaliter
strigatd et transversini fasciatd, apertures faiice vivide
purpnred, lahro albo.
The porcelain Bulimus. Shell fusilbrmly ovate,
scarcely umbUicated, whorls six in number, convex,
smooth, polished, last whorl somewhat produced and
attenuated at the base ; aperture rather oblong,
slightly sinuated at the lower part, lip expanded,
scarcely reflected; whitish, longitudinally streaked
and transversely banded with livid olive or blue-black,
interior of the aperture rich purple, Up wliite.
Hab. Santa Fe di Bogota.
A beautifully painted species from the collectiou of
J. Dennison, Esq., nearest aUied to the B. linostoma of
D'Orbigny.
Species 274. (Mas. Cuming.)
Bulimus Ceylanicus. Bui. testd conico-ovatd, solidius-
culd, spires suiuris impressis ; anfractOms sex, plano-
convexis, oblique striatis, colnmelld late reflexd, aper-
turd parvd, labro expamo, vix refiexo ; intus e.riHSr/iif
albd.
The Ceylon Bulimus. Shell conically ovate, rather
solid, sutures of the spire impressed ; whorls six in
number, flatly convex, obliquely striated, columella
broadly reflected, aperture small, lip expanded, but
slightly reflected ; white within and distant.
Pfeiefek, Monog. Hel. viv., vol. ii. p. .59.
Hab. Ceylon,
A rather stout shell of a peculiar conical fonn.
^Bn/wms. FJ.XLIV
%
i.BScR.jmp
B U L I M U S
Species 275. (Mus. Denuison.)
BuLiMUS Chimbouasensis. Bui. testa fmformi, ad badn
mlattenuatd, vix miiMlicatd, anfractil/us sex, convexis,
longitudinaliter creheirime elevato-striatis ; columeUd
depresso-refexd, lalro suhexpanso, uon rejlexo ; roseo-
fuscescerde, albifasciatd, colmnelld lahroque vivide pur-
pureo-rosm.
The Chimborazo Bulimus. Shell fusifoi-m, somewliat
attenuated at the base, scarcely imibilicated, whorls
six in number, convex, longitudinally very closely
elevately striated ; columella depressly retlected, lip
slightly expanded, not reflected ; rose-brown, banded
with white. Up and columella deep purple-rose.
Bulimus decoratiis, Lea (not of Ferussac), Obs. vol.ii. pi. 23.
f. 108.
Hab. Chimborazo, Columbia, New Granada.
First described by Mr. Lea of Philadelphia from a
specimen collected near Carthagcua, New Granada, by
Dr. Gibbon.
Species 376. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIJIUS BICOLOR. Bui. teitd oblongo-ovatd, umbilicatd,
ad basin rotundaid, aiifractihis sex, loiigitudhiaUter ob-
lique fortiter rugoso-striatis ; ccerulesceiite-albd,fasciis
fmck iiiterruptis cingulatd.
The two-coloueed Bulijius. Shell oblong-ovate, um-
bilicated, rounded at the base, whorls six in
number, longitudinally obliquely strongly roughly
striated ; bliush-white, encu'cled by interrupted brown
bands.
SowEKBY, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 1-11.
Hab. Xagua, Peru ; Miller.
The lower edge of the bands is peculiarly broken or
serrated.
Species 277. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus kubrifasciatus. Bid. testa cylindraceo-ovatd,
vix umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, C0Hve.vis, lavibus,
aperturd parvd, labro simplici; albidd, rufu-fiisco tri-
fasciatd, fascid mediand augustd, lineari.
The eed-banded Bulimus. Shell cylindi-icaUy ovate,
scarcely umbiHcated, whorls seven in number, con-
vex, smooth, aperture small, lip simple ; whitish,
painted with three red-browTi bands, of which the
central one is narrow and linear.
October
M. Deshayes has, I believe, proposed the name B. exilis
for this species, already occupied by Gmehn.
Species 278. (Fig a, Mus. Cimiing ; Fig. b,
Mus. Denuison.)
Bulimus geometricus. Bui. testa subcgUmhaceo-tur-
ritd, umUlicatd, spira suturis impream ; anfracliius
septem, subrotundatis, lavibus, ultimo peculiariter
oblique prodticto ; columella late rejlexd, apertura oblique
ovatd, labro rejlexo ; albidd, fusco irregulariter tceniatd
et imdatd, vel castaned, albifasciatd, colmnelld inter-
duiii purpurascente, lahro pallide luteo.
The geometric Bulimus. Shell somewhat cylindrically
turreted, umbilicatcd, sutures of the spire impressed ;
whorls seven in munber, slightly rounded, smooth,
last whorl peculiarly obliquely produced ; columella
broadly reflected ; aperture obKquely ovate, Hp
reflected ; whitish, irregidarly filleted, and waved
with brown, sometimes chesnut-brown, banded with
white, columella sometimes purple, lip pale yellow.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel. viv., vol. ii. p. 59.
Hab. New Granada.
An extremely interesting species distinguished in great
measure by the obliquely produced growth of the last
whorl.
Species 279. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Denuison;
Fig. c, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus vittatus. Bui. testa oblongo-turriti, subpellu-
cidd, subampliter umbilicatd, anfractibus septem ad octo,
Icevibus ; colmnelld rejlexd, labro tenui, simplici ; Jlavi-
cante, purpureo-nigricante sapissime varie fasciatd,
interdmnfuscescente longitudinaliter strigatd, interdum.
widique stramined.
The kiband-bound Bulimus. Shell oblong-turreted,
somewhat transparent, rather largely umbilicated,
whorls seven to eight in number, smooth ; columella
reflected, lip thin, simple ; yellomsh, most frequently
variously banded with purple-black,
streaked longitudinally with light brown,
straw-colour throughout.
Spix, Test. Bras., p. 7. pi. 7. f. 4.
1818.
BULBIUS.— Plate XLIV.
Eadem var.
Bulimm Coxeiranus, Moricand.
Hob. BaMa and Pemambuco, Brazil.
The dark purple-black painting of this species is most
variable.
Species 380. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMUS STKIGATUS. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, mhampliter
umhilkati, anfractibm sex, convevis, longitudimliter
creherrimi elevato-striatu, anfradu ultimo suhoblique
producto ; columella late rejkxd, labro expanso ; caru-
lesceute-albd, livido-nigricante undatd et partimfasdatd,
apice nigro.
The streaked Bclimus. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat
largely mnbilicated, whorls six in number, convex,
longitudinally very closely elevately striated, last
whorl somewhat obliquely produced; columella
broadly reflected, lip expanded ; bluish-white, waved
and partially banded with livid-black, apes black.
Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 95, 96.
Hab. HuaUaga.
The dark painting of this species is partly in bands, and
partly in longitudinally waved streaks.
Species 281. (Mus. Dennison.)
BuLiMUS Bolivianus. Bul. testd cylindraceo-oblongd,
mbamplUer umhilicatd, anfractibus septem, plam-con-
vexls, Icsvibus aid obscnre striatis ; columella late
reflexd, aperturd parvinsculd, labro simplici ; albidd,
roseo-fusco cre.brifasciatd,fascm irregularibus, subinter-
ruptii, apice roseo-fusco.
The Bolivian Bulimus. Shell cylindrically-obloug,
somewhat largely umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, flatly convex, smooth or obscurely striated :
columella broadly reflected, aperture rather small, lip
simple ; whitish, closely banded throughout with rose-
brown, bands irregular, somewhat inten-upted, apex
rose-brown.
Pfeiefee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 18i6. p. 34.
Hab. Andes of Bolivia.
The bands are less clearly defined in this species than is
usual, and in some specimens run into one another.
A
:Bvlimns , Tl XLV
^m^
«
BULIMUS.
Plate XLV.
Species 2S3. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Dennison.)
BuLIMUS CASTDS. Bul. testd siib/tisiformi-ovatd, tenni,
gracili, anfractibus qidnqne ad sex, longitud'uiaUter
temdter irregidariter striatis, snb lente striis minutis
inipressis transcemm exseulptis ; colunielld anguste
reflexd, lalro expanso, nix rejlexo ; alba vel pallide
stramitied, fusco interdum sparsim maculatd, columella
labroque pallide roseis.
The chaste Bulimds. Shell somewhat fasiformly-ovate,
thin, slender, whorls five to six in number, longitu-
dinally finely irregularly striated, beneath the lens
scidptured transversely with minute impressed strioe ;
columella narrowly reflected; white or pale straw
colour, sometimes sparingly spotted with brown, lip
and eohunella pink.
Pfeiefer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184.6, p. 113.
Hob. Central America ?
Truly a chaste and delicately coloured species.
Species 283. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS MoRiCANDi. Bul. testd ovatd, teimiculd, dia-
pimnd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, lavibus, tumi-
diusculd, sub lente transversim ndnidissime impresso-
striatis j columella reflexd, labro temd, acuta ; intiis
extusque croced.
Moricand's Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thin, diapha-
nous, scarcely umbUicated, whorls sis in number,
smooth, rather swollen, transversely very minutely
impressly striated beneath the lens; colimiella re-
flected, lip thin, sharp; safft-on yellow within and
without.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 113.
Hab. Central America.
A bright semitransparent yellowish shell, without any
trace of marking.
Species 284.. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus onager. Bul. testd aubpyramidali-turritd, vix
umbilicatd, anfractibus septem ad octo, ad basin subangu-
latis, Itsvibus; colunielld sulreflexd, labro expanso ;
albidd aid lutescente, caruleo-vfiridi varie tinctd et lon-
gifudinaliter strigatd, aperturce fawce fusco-rufescente.
The wild-ass Bulimus. Shell somewhat pjTamidally
tuiTcted, scarcely lunbilicated, whorls seven to eight
in number, slightly angled at the base, smooth ;
columella but little reflected, lip expanded ; whitish
or yellowish, variously mottled and streaked with
bluish-green, interior of the aperture brownish red.
BuUmnlus onager, Beck, Ind. p. G4.
Bulimus zebra, Spix.
Ilab. Bahia, BrazU.
A prettily painted species closely allied to B. vimineus.
but apparently distinct.
Species 285. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus venosus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, via umbi-
licatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, convexis, lavibus ;
columelld refiexd, labro tenui, acuto ; albidd, lined
castaned suturali, liueisque castaneis obliquis hie illic
lomfitudinaliter pictd, apice nigro.
The veined Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls six to seven in number, convex,
smooth ; columella reflected, lip thin, sharp ; whitish,
with a dark chesnut sutm-al line, and longitudinally
painted here and there with chesnut lines, apex black.
Bulimus Menkei, Gniner, Wiegmau's Aixhives, 1841, (not
B. Menkeana, Ferussac.)
Hab. Angostui-i, Banks of the Oronoko.
The painted lines are at very unequal distances
throushout.
Species 216. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus kudis. Btd. testd ovatd, ventricosd, vix umbi-
licatd anfractibus sex, rugosis, longitudinaliter rude
plicato-liratis, columelld reflexd, lairo simplici; roseo-
albidd, cinereo-fusco hie illic longitudinaliter strigatd,
aperturee fauce roseo^urpurascente.
The rude Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls six in number, rough, longitu-
dinally rudely plicately ridged, columella reflected,
lip simple ; pinkish-white, longitudinally streaked
here and there with ash-brown, interior of the
apertm-e light rose-pmisle.
Anton, MSS. ?
IlaL. Mexico.
BULIMUS.— Plate XLY.
A very characteristic delicately coloured species, of
roughly plicated growth.
Species 287. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS LiLiACErs. Bul. testd acumimto-ovatd, tmid,
diaphand, anfractihus sex, convexis, lavibm, vel sub
lente miuutiswne iinpresso-striatis ; columella anguste
reflexd, labro tenui, acuta; pallkli crocato-aiirantid,
rosea bmin verms tinctd.
The lily-coloured Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
thiu, diaphanous, whorls six in number, convex,
smooth, or very minutely impressly striated beneath
the lens ; columella narrowly reflected, lip thin,
sharp ; pale safi'ron-orange, tinged towards the base
with rose.
GUILDING, MSS. ?
Hah. St. Vincents, West Indies?
Ml-. Cuming possesses this shell as an inhabitant of
St. Vincents, accompanied with the above name, as having
been given to it by the Rev. Lansdowne GuUding. It is
but right, however, to add that the authenticity of this
name and locality requires confirmation.
Species 288. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus TENUissiMUS. Bul. testd ovatd, tenui, vix um-
bUicatd, anfractihus quinque ad sex, obscure rugoso-
striatis ; columella subdfpresso-reflexd, labro tenui,
acuta ; undique sordide fuscescente.
The very thin Bblimus. Shell ovate, thin, scarcely
umbOicated, whorls five to six in number, obscurely
rouglily striated ; columella somewhat depressly re-
flected, lip thin, sharp ; pale dirty brown throughout.
Helix tenuissima, De Ferussac, MSS.
Hab. Brazil.
One of the most common species, says M. Moricand,
on the walls, in Brazil.
Species 389. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs Bengalensis. Bul. testd conico-ovatd, tenuiculd,
umbilicatd, anfractihus sex, laviius, basin versus sub-
angulato-productis ; columella late reflexd, labro tenui,
acuto ; albidd, lined castaned suturali, anfractu ultimo
lineis duabus cingulato, calurmlld pallide rosaced, apice
nigra.
The Bengal Bulimus. Shell eonicaUy ovate, rather
thin, umbilicated, whorls six in number, smooth,
slightly angularly produced towards the base ; colu-
mella broadly reflected, Up thin, sharp ; whitish,
with a sutural chesnut line, last whorl encircled
round the lower part with two chesnut lines, colu-
mella tinged with pink, apex black.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.), vol. viii.
p. 333.
Hab. Bengal.
Easily recognised by its black apex and characteristic
linear painting, the lower part of the whorls being en-
circled by two chesnut lines, one of which is concealed in
all but the last by the superposition of one whorl upon
the other.
I
^u-Zimm , MJUT.
\
4
BULIMUS
Species 290. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMUS ViTRiNOiDES. Bill, testi subglohoso-ovatd, tenu-
immd, hyaUiid, apice Irevi, acido ; aiifractlbus quiiiiiite,
subrude siriatis, ultimo veniricoso ; columella labmiue
slmpUcibits ; pellucido-corned.
The Vitrina-like Bulimtis. Shell somewhat globosely
ovate, rather tliiii, hyaline, apes short, sharp ; whorls
five iu number, somewhat rudely striated, last whorl
ventricose ; lip and columella simple ; transparent
horny.
Hah. ?
This shell looks as if it were composed of fine glass,
and is so delicately transparent, that the internal winding
of the columella is discernible throughout.
Species 291. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLiMUS NiLAGARiCDS. Bul. testd cylitidraceo-turntd,
umbiUcatd, anfractibus octo, convexis, coiicetiirice sub-
strialk, et sub lente minutissime tramversim sulcatls,
sitliiris mbtiUter crenulatk, columella labroque expan-
nis, vLr reflt'xls ; castaiteo-fuscd, nitente, siduris albidis,
labro (libido.
The Neilgherry Bulimus. Shell eylindricaUy tur-
reted, umbilicated, whorls eight in number, convex,
and, under the lens, very minutely grooved trans-
versely, sutiu'es finely crenulated, lip and columella
expanded, scarcely reflected ; shining chesnut -brown,
whitish at the sutures, lip whitish.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 41.
Hab. Neilgherry Hills, India ; Jerdon.
Of a silken chesnut hue, whitish at the sutures.
Species 292. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus exilis. Bid. testd subcylindi
fractibm sex ad septem, longitudinaliter rude striaiis,
columella labroque simplicibus, aperturd pnrviiiscidd ;
Jlavido-fuscesceiite, subJiyalind, aperitira fuuce violaceo-
atticaitte.
The delicate Bulimus. Shell somewhat eylindricaUy
oblong, whorls six to seven in number, longitudinally
rudely striated, lip and columella simple, aperture
rather smaU; yellowish-brown, somewhat hyaline,
interior of the aperture violet-tinged.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 360S.
Hab. ?
The sutures of this species are inclined to be white as
in the preceding. It is not uidike the B. Gtmdaloupensis.
Species 293. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus cinnamomeo-lineatus Bul. testd subpyrami-
daU-ovatd, umbilicafd, umbilico parvo ; anfractibus
septem, convexis, lavibus ; ciihinwUd phmo-refexd,
labro panlulum expamo ; a/biJd, linrix iiiniamo?tieis
oblique strigatd, anfractus uUinii bimi iuiniacidatd.
The cinxamon-hned Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyra-
midally ovate, umbilicated, umbilicus small ; whorls
seven in number, convex, smooth ; columella flatly
reflected, lip a little expanded; whitish, obliquely
streaked with cinnamon lines, last whorl unspotted
at the base.
Helix ciiinamomeo-lineata, Moricand, Mem. Geneve, vol. ix.
p. 4fl. pi. 4. f. 6, 7.
Hab. Bahia, Brazil.
The cinnamon lines are suddenly arrested at the base
of the last whorl.
Species 294. (Fig. a, Mus. Dennison ;
Fig. b, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Guadaloupexsis. Bul. testd cyliudruceo-
oblongd, solidiusculd, anfractibus sex, convexis, longi-
ImVmaliter rude et tenuiter striatis, aperturd peenliari-
fer quadrato-ovatd, columella labroque subexpansis,
iiou reftexis ; fiavido-fuscescente, nigricaute-castaneo
iuterdum compictie fasciatd.
The Guadaloupe Bulimus. Shell eylindricaUy oblong,
rather solid, whorls six in number, convex, longitu-
dmally rudely and finely striated, apertui-e peculiarly
squarely ovate, lip and columella somewhat expanded,
not reflected; light yellowish-brown, sometimes
conspicuously banded with very dark chesnut.
liKUGCiERE, Enc. Meth. Diet. no. 26.
Hub. West Indies.
Distinguished by the peculiar i|uadrate form of the
aperture.
November, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XLVI.
Species 295. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus multifasciatus. Bill, testa oblongo-ovatd, vix
umbilicatd, aiifractibus sex, lavibus, nitidis, colmrieUd
reflexd, labro simplici, acuta ; lidescente-albd, zouis
roseis, violaceo-uiffricante marginatis, cingulatd, aplce
nigricante.
The iiAKY-BANDED Bdlimus. Shell oblong-ovate, but
slightly umbilicated, whorls six in number, smooth,
shining, columella reflected, lip simple, sharp; yel-
lowish-white, encircled with pink zones, edged with
violet black, apex blackish.
Lamabck, Auim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. viii.
p. 233.
Helix picturata, Ferussac.
Hab. West Indies.
Easily recognised by its pretty pink zones, which are
brighter as seen in the interior.
Species 29(5. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLiMUS Abyssinicus. Bui. testa conico-ovatd, siibani-
pliter umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, ventricosis, subro-
tundatis, longitudinaliter creberrime tennicostatis ; cu-
lumelld late expamd, aperturd suborbiculari, lubro
expanse, non reflexo ; sordide alba.
The Abyssinian Bulimus. Shell conically ovate, rather
largely umbilicated, whorls six in number, ventricose,
somewhat rounded, longitudinally veiy closely finely
ribbed ; columella broadly expanded, aperture nearly
orbicidar, lip expanded, not reflected ; dull white.
RUPPELL, MS.
Hab. Abyssinia ; Malwah, Central India ; Benson.
Finely ribbed somewhat after the manner of the B. Sea-
lariformis, but of a more PupaAJke. character. Published
with the above name on the authority of Mr. Benson, to
whose kindness I am indebted for the species.
Species 297. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Jerdoni. Bui. testd siibabbreviato-ovatd, anipli-
ter mniilicatd, spird breviusculd, acuminata, anfracti-
bus sex, iumidis, rotundatis, columella late reflexd,
aperturd suborbiculari, labro e.rpanso, vix reflexo ;
sordide oUvaced.
Jerdon's Bulimus. Shell somewhat shortly ovate, largely
umbilicated, spii'e rather short, acuminated, whorls
six in number, swollen, rounded, columella broadly
reflected, apertm-e nearly orbicular, lip expanded,
scarcely reflected ; dirty oUve-brown.
Benson, MS.
Hab. Deccan, Hindostan.
A short swollen species with somewhat of the Ptcpa
character.
Species 298. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Benguelensis. Bui. testd oblongd, solidius-
culd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, eonvexis, sub-
tilissime rude striatis, columelld reflexd, labro vix
expanso, non reflexo; alba, ad iimhilicum et suturas
pallide aurantio-fuscescente.
The Benguela Bulimus. Shell oblong, rather solid,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in nimiber, convex,
very finely rudely striated; columella reflected, lip
but slightly expanded, not reflected; white, light
orange-brown at the sutures and about the umbilicus.
Hab. Benguela.
Allied to the B. (ruadaloupensis, though from a very
different locality.
/"'
&
^Bulunzz^. FI JLVE.
H
BULIMUS.
Species 299. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLiMUS viBEX. Bui. testa cyl'mdraceo-turritd, sinistrali,
siib-Piipiformi, diapJiand, umbilicatd, anfractiius no-
vein, coiirc.rix, ubliqii!^ striatis, aperturd parvd, rotmi-
datu, hihro pliiiiu-nflexo; pellucido-fascescente, striyis
opam-alb'ts ubtiqtii iiutatis.
The stkiped Bulimtjs. Shell cylindrically turreted,
sinistral, somewtat Pupa-shaped, diaphanous, umbi-
licated, whorls nine in number, convex, obliquely
striated, aperture small, rounded, lip Hatly reflected ;
light transparent brown, obliquely marked with opake
white stripes.
IIuTToN, j\IS., Pfeiffer, Monog. Bid. p. ] 18.
Eab. Sinda and Landoiu-, Western Himalaya, India
(among moss) ; Benson.
A reversed cylindi-ical shell partaking very much of the
character of Pupa.
iiidiili.-ovdtu,
septeiii, sub-
, labro sim-
Species 300. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS CHEPUNDIA. Bid. tedd subpijn
tenid, diapJiand, umbiUcatd, aiifradibu.^
filissime rugoso-striatis, columelld reflex
plici; pellucido-corued, opaco-albo hie illic obliijiie
notatd.
The plaything Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, thin, diaphanous, umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, very finely roughly striated, columella re-
flected, lip simple ; transparent horny, obliquely
marked here and there with opake white.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dansl'Amer. Merid. p. 275. pi. 33. f. 18,
19.
Hab. Cliiquitos, Bolivia.
It is probably not without some doubt that Dr. PfeifFer
assigns this shell to the B. crepundia.
Species 301. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus c(ELEBS. Bid. testa cylindraced, Piipiformi,
teimi, diaphand, late umbilicatd, avfractibus octo, oblique
striatis, columelld late reflcvd, labro expanso non re-
fieico ; pellucido-corued, strigis opaco-albis oblique
notiitd.
The bachelor Bulimus. Shell cylindrical. Pupa
shaped, thin, diaphanous, broadly umbilicated, whorls
eight in number, obliquely striated, columella broadly
reflected, lip expanded, not reflected, transparent
horny, obliquely marked with opake-white streaks.
Benson, MS., Pfeifler, Monog. Bui. p. 119.
Hab. Landour and Keamaon, Western Himalaya, India,
(on dead stems of the wild Indigo) ; Benson.
This and the two preceding species are of the same
texture, a transparent horny substance, obliquely marked
with opake white streaks.
Species 302. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Griffithsii. Bui. testa elongatd, subcylindra-
ced, umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, subplamdatis, leevibtis,
columella late reflexd, aperturd suboblique productd,
labro expanso, non reflexo ; peculiariter calcareo-alhd,
apertura fauce pallide aurantio-fuscescente.
Griffith's Bulimus. Shell elongated, somewhat cylin-
drical, umbilicated, whorls eight in number, rather
flattened, smooth, colmnella reflected, aperture some-
what obliquely produced, lip expanded, not reflected ;
of a peculiar chalk-white, tinged in the interior with
pale orange-brown.
Benson, MS.
Hab. Afghanistan, India ; Griffith.
Xamed by Mi-. Benson after the lamented botanist
Dr. Griflith, by whom the specimen here flgiu-ed w^as col-
lected.
Species 303. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Sindicus. Bui. testd cylindraceo-elongatd, late
umbilicatd, anfractibus novem, plano-convexis, lavibus
aid concentrice striatis, aperturd parvd, cohmielld la-
broque expansis, vix rejkxis ; griseo-albd, strigis pel-
lucidis hie illic oblique notatd.
The Sinde Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elongated,
broadly umbilicated, whorls nine in number, flatly
convex, smooth or concentrically striated, aperture
smaU, lip and columella expanded, but slightly re-
fleeted ; greyish white, here and there obliquely
marked with pellucid streaks.
Benson, MS.
Hab. Near tlie head waters of the river Sinde, India ; Ben-
November, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate XLVII.
Ml-. Benson informs me that this species was fast col-
lected by Capt. Hutton in the warmer vallies of the sub-
Himalayan range, on the left bank of the Sutledge ; and
that specunens were transmitted to him from Kliyber Pass
by Capt. Barr.
Species 304. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs LiVESCENS. Bill, testd acuminato-ovatii, siib-
turritd, teuui, anfractibus septem, subrotundatls, lavibus,
columella simplici, labro tenui, acuta ; livescente-albd,
interdum zoutilk fiiscis angustis tribus cmjulatd.
The bluish Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
tiu-reted, thin, whorls seven in number, somewhat
rounded, smooth, columella simple, lip tliin, sharp ;
bluish-white, encii'cled with three narrow light-brown
zones.
Pfeiffek, Monog. Bui. p. 175.
Hah. Tehuaca, Mexico.
It shoidd be observed that in the banded variety the
two lower bands, which are frequently broader than the
uppermost, arc only seen in the last whorl.
Species 305. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus fuscagula. Bui. testd cijlindraeeo-elongatd, bad
compressd, subumbiUcatd, Pupiformi, anfractibus no-
vem, obtuse striatis et peculiariter indentatis, volmnelld
bilamellaiis, aperturd parvd, contractd, expamd; sub-
corned, opaco-lutescente-albo strigatd et subtiUter reti-
culatd, labro roseo.
The fuscous-throat Bulimus. Shell cyUndrically
elongated, compressed at the base, slightly umbilicated,
Pupa shaped ; whorls nine in number, obtusely stri-
ated and peculiai'ly indented, columella with two
tooth-like laminae, aperture small, contracted, ex-
panded; somewhat homy, streaked and finely reti-
culated with opake yellowish white, lip rose.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. p. 310. pi, 39.
f. 1, 3.
Hub. Rio Janeiro.
Very closely allied to B. Janelrensis, and from the same
locality ; it seems, however, to difl'er in the columellar la-
minfe and reticidated an-angement of the opake pattern.
Species 306. (Mus. Gumhig.)
I^ULIMUS Helena. Bui. testd subobeso-cylmdraced, tenui,
imibilicatd, anfractibus sex, rotundatis, strlis minutis
creberrime decussatis, suturis impressis, columella la-
brogue vix reflexis ; squalide olivaced, semipellucidd.
The Helena Bulimus. Shell somewhat stoutly cylin-
drical, thin, umbilicated, whorls six in number,
rounded, very closely decussated with minute stria;,
sutm-es impressed, lip and columella scarcely re-
flected ; dirty olive, semitransparent.
QuoY and Gaimard, Voy. dans I'Astrol. vol. 2. p. iii.
pi. 9. f. 82.
Hab. St. Helena.
The minute decussated strife of tliis species are scarcely
discernible without the aid of a lens.
Species 307. (Mus. Cimiing.)
Bulimus constrictus. Bui. testd pyramidali-conicd,
umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, rotundatis, siriis trayts-
versis et longitudinalibus minwtissime decussatis, suturis
peculiariter impressis ; albidd, semipellucidd, epider-
mide tenui olivaced indutd.
The tied bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical, umbili-
cated, whorls seven in number, rounded, very
minutely decussated with longitudinal and transverse
strise, sutures peculiarly impressed; whitish, semi-
transparent, covered with a thin olive epidermis.
Pfeiffer, Symbolse, vol. 1. p. 43.
Bulimus Augosturensis, Gruiier.
Hab. Angostm-a; Gruner.
Mainly characterized by the impressed growth of the
sutures.
Species 308. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus digitale. Bui. testd obeso-ovatd, nmbilicatd,
spiriB suturis peculiariter profunde impressis, anfracti-
bus qidnqwe ad sex, subtiUter granuloso-reticulatis,
columelld reflexd, labro simplici ; olivaceo-fuscd.
The thimble Bulimus. Shell stoutly ovate, imibilicated,
sutures of the spire peculiarly deeply impressed,
whorls five to sis in number, finely granulously re-
ticulated, columella reflected, lip simple ; olive-brown.
The surface of this shell is reticulated in a delicate
wrinkled manner, covered by a silken olive epidermis, and
the sutm-es are universally deeply impressed.
*«////«., I'l jErm.
k;--
^
A
t*
,4
K.K & E,imp
C U L I 31 U S .
Plate XLVIII.
Species 309. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS MACULATUS. Bul. testd sub-pyramidali-ovatd,
vix umlilicatd, anfractihrn convexis, IcBvibus, traitsversim
sub lente minutissime impresso-siriatis, columeUd re-
fiexd, labro siniplici, aeuio ; mridescmte-albd, maculis
fusco-oUvacds, quadratic Idc illic noiatd.
The spotted Bulimus. Sliell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, scarcely umbilicated, whorls convex, smooth,
transversely very minutely impressly striated, colu-
mell reflected, lip simple, acute; gi-eenish-white,
marked here and there with square brownish olive
spots.
Lea, Obs. vol. ii. p. 84. p. 23, f. 97.
Hob. Carthageua, New Granada.
The square spots though irregular and scattered arc
mostly ituated in the same line longitudinally.
Species 310. (Mus. Cmning.)
Bulimus trilineatus. Bid. testd oblongo-ovatd, teuiii-
ctdd, anfractibus sex, subnigoso-striatis, ad sutiircis
creiiidatis, labro tenui, acuta ; aWidd, strigis rufo-fiiscis
loiit/itiidiiudibus plus minusve dense notatd.
The teilineated Bulimxjs. Shell oblong ovate, rather
thin, whorls six in number, somewhat roughly
striated, crenulated at the sutm'cs, lip thin, sharp ;
whitish, more or less thickly marked with red-brown
longitudinal stripes.
(iuoY and Gaimard, Yoy. dans I'Astrol. vol. ii. p. 107,
pi. 9. f. 1 to 3.
Ilab. New Holland.
It is necessary to observe that this species is named
after a character in the animal, whose neck and back are
marked with three Hues.
Species 311. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius Manoelii. Bul. testd acmnmato-ovatd, suh-
umbdicatd, anfractibus septem, lavibus, aut oblique
itidisiincte striatis, columella late rejlexd, labro tenui-
culo, mx reflexo ; albidd, anfractu ultimo inferne pur- I
pureo-olivaceo bifasciato.
Mangel's Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, slightly
imibilicated, whorls seven in number, smooth, or
obliquely indistinctly striated, columella broadly re-
flected, lip rather thin, scarcely reflected ; whitish,
last whorl encircled round the lowtT part with two
purple olive bands.
Helix Manoellu, Moricand, Mem. dc Geni;:ve, vol. ix. p. 45.
pi. 4. f. 4, 5.
Hub. Bahia, Brazil.
The upper band, being exactly on the sutural line, is
nearlv concealed in all but the last whorl.
Species 313. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus angiostoma. Bid. testd sub-cylindraceo-ovatd,
vix umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, tumidiusculis, zdtimo
ad aperturampeculiariter compresso ; aperturd obloiigd,
angustd, labro eximie plano-reflexo ; cinereo-albidd,
Uneis nigncantibus et fuscis longitudinaliter pictd,
uperturcB fame fused.
The narrow-mouth Bulimus. Shell somewhat cybn-
dricaUy ovate, scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in
number, rather swollen, last whorl peculiarly com-
pressed at the apertiu-e ; apertiu-e oblong, narrow, lip
delicately flatly reflected ; ashy white, longitudinally
painted with black and brown lines, interior of the
apertm-e brown.
Wagner, Spix. Test. Bras. p. 14. pi. 13. f. 4.
Bulimus Capiieira, Spix.
Testa junior. BuUnuts virgatus, Spix.
Hub. BrazU.
The singular compression of the aperture fonns a very
characteristic feature in this species.
Species 313. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlJirs Oreades. Bul. testd acuminata
biUcatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, Itevibus, vel tinnu-
ti&ume impresso-striatis, cohmielld rejlexd, labro tenui,
acuto ; flavicante-albidd, strigis olivaceo-f/iscis, anfrac-
tnmn medio desinentibus, pecidiariter notatis.
The Oreades Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, um-
bilicated, whorls six to seven in number, smooth, or
vei-y minutely impressly striated, columella reflected,
lip thin, sharp ; yeUowish-white, peculiarly marked
with olive-brown streaks, ending in the middle of the
whorls.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid, p. 270. pi. 31. f. 11.
November, 1848.
BULIML'S.— Plate XLVIII.
Bob. Province of Con-ientes, Argentine Republic, Bolivia
(under dead leaves) ; D'Orbigny.
The chief specific peculiarity of this species resides in
the painting, which does not descend below the sutural line
of the whorls.
Species 314. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimds fekiatus. Bui. testa siibfiisiformi, vix umbili-
catd, arifradibm sex, subtiliter ruffoso-striatis, suturis
impresm, columella reflexd, aperturd parviusculd, labro
ewpamo ; fuscescente, fmeo strigatd et variegatd,
punctis albis aspend.
The unemployed Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiform,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number, finely
roughly striated, sutures impressed, columella re-
flected, apertiu-e rather small, lip expanded, light
brown, streaked and variegated with bright brown,
sprinkled ^vith white dots.
Hab. ?
Dr. Pfeifl"er, when in London, attributed this shell to
the B. lophoicus of D'Orbigny, but it fails to agree with
the description and figure of that species, and appears to
be equally distinct from all others.
Species 315. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLiMUS BoxTi.E. Bui. testa conico-ovatd, tenui, veutri-
cosd, subtiliter umbilicatd, anfractibus quinque, minute
oblique striatis, medio tumidis, injlatis, columella late
reftexd, labro tenui, expanso, non reflexo.
The Bontia Bulimus. Shell conieally ovate, thin, ven-
tricose, finely umbilicated, whorls five in number,
minutely obliquely striated, swollen and inflated
roimd the middle, columella broadly reflected, lip
thin, expanded, not reflected.
Helix Bontia, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. p. 156.
pi. 134. f. 1216, 1317.
Hob. Southern India ; Jerdon.
An extremely rare species, though described upwards of
sixty years since by Chemnitz in liis Conchyben Cabinet.
The specimen here represented, for which I am indebted to
the kindness of Mr. Benson, was collected in Southern
India by Mr. Jerdon of Madras.
vix umbilicatd, spiree suturis impressis, anfractibus sex,
couvexis, longitudinaliter crebeirime plicato-striatis, et
hie illic indentatis ; fuscescente-albidd.
The puzzling Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thin, scarcely umbilicated, sutures of the spii-e im-
pressed, whorls six in number, convex, longitudinally
veiy closely plicately striated, and here and there
indented ; light brownish white.
Eah. ?
Tliis shell resembles M. D'Orbigny's B. Toralhji m
form, but does not agree with it in the detail of character.
Species 316. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus confusus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenuiculd.
Species 317. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Quitexsis. Bui. testa conico-ovatd, subampUter
umbilicatd, anfractibus septan, convexis, concetilrice
subrugoso-striatis ; columelld labroque vix reflexis ;
fuscescente castaneo-fusco hie illic strigatd, utnbilico
iiigricaide, columelld labroque purpureo-castaneis, ui-
tentibus.
The Quito Bulimus. Shell conieally ovate, rather
largely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, convex,
concentrically rather roughly striated, lip and colu-
mella scarcely reflected ; light-brown, streaked here
and there with chesnut-brown, umbilicus blackish,
lip and columella shining purple chesnut.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847.
Hab. Quito, Ecpidjlic of Equador.
The general aspect of this shell is not much unlike that
of an immature PartulafaLa.
Species 318. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus monilifer. Bui. testd subpyramidali-ovatd,
umbilicatd, avfractlbus convexis, lavibus, columelld
reflexd, aperturd subquadratd, labro simplici ; opaco-
albd, fasciis duabus iiderruptis aurantio-fmeis, valde
indistinctis, cingulatd, aperturd aurantio-tinctd.
The necklace-bound Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyra-
midally ovate, umbilicated, whorls convex, smooth,
columella reflected, aperture somewhat square, Up
simple ; opake-white, encircled with two very in-
distinct inten'upted orange-brown bands, aperture
tinged with orange.
Hab. ?
Indistinctly encircled by two characteristic internq)ted
bands. The aperture is remarkable for the same lateral
compression as in the B. Ouadaloupemis.
IBu/imws PI JLJI.
%
320t
I
''WJ
%
G.B.S.ddet kill
B U L I ]\I U S .
Species 319. (Sins. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS FABREFACTUS. £ul. teM pyramidaU, ad basin
amjulato-compressd et umbilicatd, anfractibus septem,
loyigUudinaliter rugoso-driatis et inequaliter indentatis,
columella rejlexd, aperturd ad basin canaliculatd, labro
simplici; albidd, ftisco subtiliter et creberrime strigatd,
strigis ad angulum basalem tantum descendentibm, co-
lumdld palUde rosacea, aperturce fauce ccernlescente.
The curiously-formed Bulimus. Shell pyramidal,
angularly compressed and umbilicated at the base,
whorls seven in number, longitudinally roughly stri-
ated and irregularly indented, columella reflected,
apertm-e channelled at the base, lip simple ; whitish,
finely and closely streaked with brown, the streaks
descending only to the basal angle, columella tinged
wnth pink, interior of the aperture bluish.
Eah. Province of Merida, New Granada ; Linden.
Of the same peculiarly angled structure at the base as
the B. canaliculatus, from which it is amply distinguished
by its more elongated form, solid growth, and difi'erent
style of colouring.
Species 320. (Fig. a and h, ilus. Cuming.)
Bulimus virgulatus. Bui. testa acuminato-oblongd, vix
umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, lesvibus, aperturd ovatd,
labro simplici ; albd, fasciis castaneis interruptis varie
dispositis, interdum rufescente-croced, immaculatd.
The striped Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
scarcely umbOicated, whorls seven in number, smooth,
aperture ovate, lip simple ; white, with internipted
chesnut bands, variously disposed, sometimes of a
rich reddish saffron, unspotted.
Cochlogena virgulata, Eerussac, Hist. Moll. pi. 142, B.
f. 1-7.
Bidiimis Caribheornm, Lamarck.
Hah. West Indies.
Extremely variable both in colour and pattern.
The mottled Bulimus. Shell ovate, thin, ventricose,
scarcely umbUicated, whorls six in number, obliquely
very closely striated, lip thin, simple ; whitish, lon-
gitudinally blotched and waved with blackish-blue.
Helix Uta, Ferussac, Prodrome, p. Si.
BuUmns litwatus, Spix.
Bulimus magtts, Wagner.
Hab. Brazil.
Very closely allied to the B.papgraceus, which it is not
improbable may be another state of the species.
Species 321. (Mas. Cuming.)
Bulimus litus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, ienui, ventricosd,
vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, oblique creberrime stri-
atis, labro tenui simplici; albidd, nigricanfe-ceeruleo
longitudinaliter maculatd et undatd.
November, 1S4S
Species 323. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus miltocheilus. Bui. testd acuminato-oblongd,
subcylindraced, umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, leevigatis,
semipellucidis, nitentibus, longitudinaliter peculiariter
pUcatis, columelld late reflexd, aperturd oblongd, labro
rcjiexo ; cereo-alhd, labro intense coccineo-miniato.
The vermilion-lip Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
somewhat cylindi-ical, umbilicated, whorls sis in
number, smooth, semitransparent, shining, longitudi-
nally peculiarly plaited, columella broadly reflected,
apertm-e oblong, lip reflected ; waxen-white, lip deep
scarlet-vermUlon.
Hab. San Christoval, south-eastern island of Solomon's
Group, noi-th-east coast of New Holland.
A shell of cm-iously plaited growth, remarkable for us
semipellucid wax-like appearance, with which its rich
vermilion lip presents a notable contrast. Mi-. Cuming
possesses several specimens from the above named locality,
all in the same condition, which seems perfectly natural
and not the result of any artificial clearing.
Species 323. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus rhodostoma. Bui. testd ovatd, subventricosd,
umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter subrude
striatis, ad suturas crenulatis, columelld reflexd, labro
simplici ; roseo-bninnesceute.
The rose-mouth Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather ventri-
cose, umbilicated, whorls six in number, longitudinally
somewhat nidely striated, crenulated at the sutures ;
columella reflected, lip simple ; rose-brown.
Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1S34., p. ()5.
Hab. New Holland?
BULIMUS.— Plate XLIX.
This shell has been ascribed to the above-recorded
species in Mi-. Cuming's collection, and is so published
here, but, it should be added, with considerable doubt.
Species 324. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus HYEMATUS. Bill, testd acuminato-ovatd, anfrac-
tibits septem, pectdiaiiter pUcato-corrugatu, aperturd
parvimculd, lairo simplici ; cinerascente-albd, aperhirce
fauce roseo-purpiired.
The feozen Bulimus. Shell aeumiuately ovate, whorls
seven in number, peculiarly pHcately wrinkled, aper-
ture rather small, lip simple ; pale ash-white, rosc-
purple in the interior.
Hub. :-
The- surface of tliis shuU is plicately wrinkled in a
manner different from any other species. Externally it is
of French-white hue, purplish towai-ds the apex, and the
mouth is tinged with deep purple-rose thi-oughout.
Species 325. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ri'LiML's SPOKADICDS. Bul. testd elotigato-ovatd, pyra-
midali, vix umbilicatd, anfractihus octo, subl(Bmbns,
aperturd parvd, labro tenui, actito ; albidd, nigricante-
fusco varie Uneatd et undatd.
The scattered Bulimls. SheD elongately ovate, py-
ramidal, scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
more or less smooth, aperture small, lip thin, sharp ;
whitish, variously lineated and waved with bluish-
brown.
D'Oebigny, Voy. daus T.-Vmer. Merid. Moll. p. 271.
pi. 33. f. 12 to 15.
Hob. Patagonia, Bolivia ; D'Orbiguy.
M. D'Orbigny describes this species to be widely dis-
tributed over South America, and very abundant.
Species 326. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus t.eniolus. Bul. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, ad basin
rotundatd, anfractihus septem, minute granulatis, ad
suturas crenidatis, colnnielld refiexd, labro vix rejlexo;
fulvo-eastaned, ad suturas albizonatd, apertura. fauce
limdd, peritrmnate albido.
The filleted Bulimus. Shell cyUndrically ovate,
rounded at the base, whorls seven in number, mi-
nutely granulated, crenulated at the sutures, colmueUa
reflected, lip scarcely reflected, fulvous ehesnut, zoned
with white at the sutures, interior of the aperture
livid, peritreme white.
Nyst, Ext. Acad. Eoyale de Bruxelles, p. 9. pi. 3. f. 4. a, b.
Hab. South America.
Of a peculiar obtusely roimded growth at the base.
Bi^/n,/(i.s. Pf L
V
11 o del cL hlh
B U L I M U S .
Plate L.
Species 327. (Fig. 327, 328. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus Adansoni. Bui. testa oblongo-ovatd, teuuiciiM,
vix umbiUcatd, anfractibus novem, subtilissime granu-
lato-striatis, ad suturas subtiliter crenulatis, columella
redd, revolutd, labro simplici, acuta ; albidd, castatieo-
fusco conspicue longitwdinaliter flammatd, epidermide
tenui stramined indutd, coluinelld et apertures fauce pur-
purascente-candek.
Atianson's Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls nine in number, very
finely gi-anulately striated, finely crenulated at the
sutures, columella straight, rolled back, lip simple,
shai-p ; whitish, conspicuously longitudinally flamed
with chesnut-brown, covered with a thin straw-co-
loured epidermis, columella and interior of the
apei-ture purplish-blue.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bid. p. 179.
Le Kambeul, Adanson.
Bulimus Kambeul, Bniguiere.
CocJdogena cedilis, Ferussac.
Fide Pfeiffer.
Bulimus speciosus, Parreys.
Kordofanus, Parreys.
xantliolinus, Ziegler.
Achatinoides, Ziegler.
Hab. West coast of Africa.
Dr. Pfeiffer's name for this species is to be preferred to
that adopted by Bniguiere and Lamarck, wliich does not
enter strictly in the Latin form of nomenclature.
For Species 328, see PI. LVIII.
Species 329. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Ruppellianus. Bui testa subabbreviato-ovatd,
ventricosd, vix nmbilicatd, anfractibus septem, cre-
berrime plano-gratmlatis, columelld recta, revolutd,
labro simplici, acido ; albidd, flammis subangiistis cas-
taneo-fuscis longitudinaliter pictd, epidermide tenui
stramined indutd.
Kuppell's Bulimus. Shell somewhat shortly ovate,
ventricose, scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, very closely flatly granulated, columella
straight, roUed back, lip simple, sharp ; whitish, lon-
gitudinally painted with rather naiTow chesnut-
brown flames, covered with a thin straw-coloured
epidermis.
Pfeiffeh, Monog. Bui. p. 190.
Httb. Abyssinia'; Euppell.
Constantly distinguished from the preceding species by
its shortened ventricose growth.
Species 330. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Bulimus Africanus. Bui. testa acuminato-ovatd, pro-
fundi umbilicatd, anfractibus novem, subrotundatis,
reticulato-striatis et subtilissime conceutrice corrugatis,
ad suturas crenatk, columelld rectd, revolutd ; livido-
albidd, castaneo-fusco pallide flammatd, flammis sub-
distantibus.
The African Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
deeply umbilicated, whorls nine in number, some-
what rounded, reticulately striated and very finely
concentrically wrinkled, crenated at the sutui'es, co-
lumella straight, rolled back; livid white, faintly
marked with rather distant longitudinal chesnut-
brown flames.
Hab. West coast of Africa.
This seems constantly distinguished from the B. Adan-
soni in size, in form, and in pattern of colouring.
November, 1848.
Bu/iffiii^. /y J.I.
:-5
«-
^
Its
333
'^«
w
B U L I M U S .
Species 331. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs MUTILATUS. Sul. testd attenmto-fyramidali,
crammculd, mnbilicaid, anfractibus qtiatuor ad qttiu-
gue, deinde late decollatis, oblique rude siriaiis, an-
Jractu ultimo bad mbangulato-tumido, aperturd parvd,
rotimdd ; sqnalide alba.
The mdtil.^ted Bdlimd3. Shell attenuately pyramidal,
rather thiu, umbilicated, whorls four to five in
number, then broadly decollated, obliquely rudely
striated, last whorl somewhat angulai-ly swollen at
the base, aperture small, rounded, dirty-white.
Hab. ?
Distuig-uished fi-ora the B. decoUalus by its more at-
tenuately pyramidal form and contracted a|)erture.
Species 332. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Gruneri. Bui. testd cyUndraceo-tnrritd, sub-
umbilicatd, anfractibus septent, plani-convexis, lavibus,
nitidis, columelld depresso-reflexd, aperturd parvius-
culd, labro tenui, simplici; cterulescente-albd, maculis
f/isccsceiitibus subquadratis kic illic irregulariter fas-
ciatiiu iiutatd, apice purpureo-nigricante.
Gruner's BuLiMUS. Shell cylindricaUy turreted, slightly
umbiUcated, whorls seven in number, flatly convex
smooth, sliining, columella deprcssly reflected, aper-
tui-e rather small, lip thin, simple; bluish-white,
marked here and there with ii'regular bands of light
brown square-like spots, apex purple-black.
Pfeifper, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. p. 30.
Hab. Mexico.
Named in honour of Mr. Gruner, au eminent collector
at Bremen.
Species 333. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS ALBATUS. Bul. testd acuminalo-oblongd, stib-
umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, convexis, Icnihis, colu-
Mclld reflexd, labro sitnplici; alba, interdum fasciis
interruptis bmnneis duabus vel tribus citigulatd, oper-
lureffawe siibaurauiid.
The white Bl'Limus. Shell acuminately oblong, slightly
imibilicated, whorls eight in number, convex, smooth,
columella reflected, lip simple ; white, sometimes
encircled with two or three inten-upted brown bands,
interior of the aperture tinged with orange.
Pfeiffer, Symbola:;, vol. ii. p. 42.
Selix albata, De Ferussac.
Bitlimus bicinctus, Recluz.
Hab. Yemen, Arabia.
Earely more than a single indistiiiel band is visible
the upper whorls.
Species 334. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS DECOLLATDS. Bul. testd cyUitdraceo-elongatd,
anfractibus ad septem, deinde decollatis, plano-comexis,
striis spiralibits et obliquis subliliter decussatis, mar-
gine crmulatis, coluvielld reflexd, aperturd parviusculd,
labro simplici ; albidd, aut pallide spadiced.
The decollated Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elonga-
ted, whorls about seven in number, then decollated,
flatly convex, finely decussated with spiral and ob-
lique stria3, crenidated at the margin, columella
reflected, apertm'e rather small, lip simple ; whitish,
or pale fawn-colom-.
Bruguiere, Enc. Meth. Diet. no. 49.
Helix decoUata, Linnaeus.
Hab. South of Em-ope. Sicily and the Canary Islands.
This weU-known species occiu's in a larger state in
some parts of Northern Al'rica.
Species 335. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus auratus. Bul. testd oblongo-turritd, tenuissimd,
pellucidd, anfractibus septem, subveiitricosis, longitu-
dinaliter creberrime elevato-striatis, columelld simplici,
labro tenui, acuto ; aureo-olivaced, vitred, lineis mi-
nutisfuscis spiralibus obsolete notatd.
The gilded Bulimus. Shell oblong-turreted, very thin,
transparent, whorls seven in number, rather ventri-
cose, longitudinally very closely elevately striated,
columella simple, lip thiu, sharp ; golden-olive,
glassy, obsoletely marked with minute spii'al brown
Hnes.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1846. p. 32.
IM. ?
A delicate glassy species of the substance and coloiu" of
a I'itrina.
November, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate LI.
336. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS KiNGll. Bui. testa acuminato-ovatd, crnssius-
culd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, Icsvibus out
obscure striatis, columella, late refiexd, labro simpUci ;
alba, Uneis fuscis freqnaitibus longitudhialiter pictd,
columelld fused, aperturm fauce fuscescmte.
King's Bulimds. Shell acuminately ovate, rather tliick,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, smooth
or obscurely striated, columella broadly reflected, lip
simple ; white, longitudinally painted with numerous
brown lines, columella brown, interior of the aperture
light brown.
Gr.^y, Annals of Philosophy, New Series, vol. ix. p. 41-1.
Wood, Ind.Test. Supp. pi. 7. f. 27.
Hab. New Holland ; King.
The brown colouring of the columella has a kind of
melaUie hue.
Species 337. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
BuLlMUS MAXIMUS. Bui. testd oblongd, ventricosd, an-
fractibus sex, tumidis, subroiundaiis, longitudinaliier
rude striatis, penuUimo granulato, prope apicem siib-
tiliter radiatim costellatis, columelld snbrectd, crassim-
culd, aperturd parmusculd, labro solidulo, reflexo ; sor-
dide albd, purpureo-brunnescente tinctd, epidermide
luteo-oUvaced nitente indutd, columelld et peritremate
albis.
The very large BuLiMtfs. Shell oblong, ventricose,
whorls six in number, swollen, somewhat rounded,
longitudinally rudely striated, last whorl but one
granulated, finely radiately ribbed near the apex,
colimiella nearly straight, somewhat thick, aperture
rather small, lip solid, reflected ; diily white, stained
with light purple-bro^vn, covered with a shining
yellowish-olive epidermis, columella and peritrcme
white.
(kichhgena maximas, Sowerby, TankerviUe Catalogue, Ap-
pendix, p. vii.
Bulimus Kremnoicus, D'Orbigny.
Uab. Santa Cruz, Bolivia ; D'Orbigny.
Although a large species, is this inferior in size to the
B. Popelairianus, from which it differs in its more oblong
proportions and smaller aperture.
Species 338. (IMus. Cuming.)
Bulimus effeminatus. Bui. testd acuminato-oblongd,
subumbilicatd, tenuiculd, anfractibus octo, snhplanula-
tis, longitudinaliter exiliter impresso-striatis, columelld
reflexd, labro simplici, acuto ; ccerulescente-albd, apicem
versus purpurascente-fuscis, sirigis angustis fuscis dis-
tantibus.
The effeminate Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
slightly umbilicated, rather thin, whorls eight in
number, somewhat flattened, longitudinally delicately
impressly striated, columella reflected, lip simple,
shm'p ; bluish white, purple-brown towards the apex,
with distant narrow stripes of the same colour.
Hab. ?
A delicate opake-white shell gradually more deeply
tinged with purple-brown towards the apex.
Species 339. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Olivieri. Bui. testd ovatd, ventricosd, an-
fractibus sex ad septem, longitudinaliter exiliter plieato-
costellatis, interstitiis subtilissime decussatis et punc-
tatis, columelld reflexd, margine incrassatd, labro iu-
crassato, reflexo ; sericeo-h-unued, subolivaeed, peri-
tremate ^avicante.
Olivier's Bulimus. Shell ovate, ventricose, whorls six to
seven in number, somewhat flattened, longitudinally
deUcately plicately ribbed, with the interstices very
finely decussated and punctured, columella reflected,
thickened at the edge, lip thickened and reflected ;
silken-brown, of an olive hue, peritrcme yellowish.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bui. p. 117.
Hab. Abyssinia.
An exceedingly beautifid species in fine condition, when
examined with the lens.
T^V///////.)- // ///
i
11, B fcHnnp
BULIMUS.
Plate LII.
Species 340. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS SYLYATlcus. Bul. testd elongato-turritd, gracil-
limd, solidimculd, anfractihis undecim, plano-convexis,
lavibus, aut minidissime strialis, politis, apice sub-
papillaribus, aperturd parvd, columella labroqtie shii-
plicibm ; eburned, epidermide tenui stramined partim
indutd.
The sylvan Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted, very
slender, rather solid, whorls eleven in number, flatly
convex, smooth, polished, somewhat papillary at the
apex, aperture smaU, lip and colimiella simple ; ivory
white, partially covered with a light straw-colowed
epidermis.
Wagner, Spix. Test. Bras. p. 11. pi. 10. f. 4.
Hab. Mexico and Brazil (in the woods) ; SpLx.
A semitransparent ivory-white shining shell, partially
covered with a slight epidermis.
Species 341. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs TEREBRASTEK. Bill, testd eloHgato-turritd,
tenui, pellucidd, apice tumidd, subtruncatd, mifractibus
novem imdique creberrinie concentrice elevato-slriatis,
columelld tenui, simplicissimd, introrsum arcuatd, labro
teiiuissimo, acuta ; corneo-luted.
The TERETE BuLiMUS Shell elongately tuiTeted, thin,
transparent, whorls nine in number, swollen at the
apex, somewhat truncated, very closely concentrically
sculptm'cd throughout with raised striae, columella
thin, verj' simple, arched inwardly, lip very thin and
sharp ; homy yellow.
Ferussac, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.)
vol. 8. p. 234.
Bulimus haplostylus, I't'eiffer.
Hab. El Catamaija, near Loxa, Republic of Equador,
South America ; Hartweg.
Chiefly distinguished by the veiy simple structure of the
columella and the raised concentric striae wliich have
almost the appearance of fine ribs.
I am indebted to a visit to the collection of the Eev.
S. C. E. NeviUe Rolfe of Heacham Hall, for having had my
attention directed to the above recorded species of De
Ferussac, with which Dr. Pfeiffer does_ not seem to have
been acquainted.
Species 342. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus calcareus. Bul. testd elongato-turritd, apiceni
versus solidiuscnld, tumidd, anfractibus duodecvm, lon-
gUudinaliter subtiliter striatis, striis minutis impressis
spiralilms decussatk, aperturd pared, columelld labroque
siniplicihus ; calcareo-albd, epidermide casfaiieo-brunnro
nitente indutd.
The lime-white Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted,
rather solid and swollen towards the apex, whorls
twelve in number, longitudinally finely striated, de-
cussated with minute spiral impressed stria?, aperture
small, lip and columella simple ; chalk- white, covered
with a shining chesnut brown epidermis.
Wagner, Spix. Test. Bras. p. 10.
Helix calcarea. Born.
Bulimus maritimus, Spix, Deshayes.
Hab. Brazil,
M. Deshayes is correct in assigning this species to the
B. maritimus of Spix, but it will be found to agree <'dso
with the Helix calcarea of Born, represented in the Mus.
Cses. Vindobonense, stripped of its rich bro^vn chesnut
epidermis, beneath wliich it is of a peculiar opake lime-white
character. It is the largest and most solid of the tiu-ri-
culated Bulimi, and has not a reflected lip.
Species 343. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus obeliscus. Bul. testd elongato-turritd, acumi-
nata, anfractibus sedecim ad octodecim, plano-convexis,
subtiliter oblique striatis, striis minutissimis spiralibiis
impressis decussatis, columelld labroque simplicissimis ;
albd, epidermide temiiculd luteo-oUvaced indutd.
The obelisk Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted, acu-
minated, whorls eighteen in number, flatly convex,
finely obliquely striated, and decussated with very
minute spii-al impressed striae, lip and columella very
sunple ; whitish, covered with a rather thin yellowish
epidermis.
Helix obeliscus, Jloricand, Mem. Geneve, vol. vi. p. 540.
pi. 1. f. 4.
Hab. Near Caravalhas, Brazil ; Moricand.
Distinguished by having the largest number of whorls
and most sharply terete growth, whilst the epidermis is
very thin, and of a light yellowish olive-colour. It should
November, 1S4S.
BITLTMUS.— Plate LIT.
be observed that the shell grows to a more acuminated
point than in the specimen here represented, which has
the first whorls broken off.
This shell, distinjjuished by Lamarck as having a re-
flected lip, has been confounded with the Helix calcarea of
Born, an examination of whose figure will show that it
represents a worn specimen of Sp. S-tS, deprived of its
epidenuis.
Species 34-1. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS OBTUSATUS. Bid. testd elongato-turritd, bast
suboblique produdd, umbilicald, apice tmnidd, obtnad,
anfractibus decern ad undecim, plano-convexis, oblique
creberrime costulato-striatis, aperkird ovali, labro in-
crassato, paululum reflexo ; lutescente-albd, rufo-fusco
hie illic irregulariter tinctd et strigatd.
The blunted Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted,
rather obliquely produced at the base, umbilicated,
swollen and obtuse at the apex, whorls ten to eleven
in number, flatly convex, obliquely very closely sculp-
tui-ed with rib-like striae, aperture oval, lip thickened,
a little reflected ; yeUowish-white, in-egularly stained
and streaked here and there with red-brown.
Pfeiffek, Monog. Bui. p. 151.
Helix obtusuta, Gmelin.
Bulimus calcareus, Bruguiiire, Lamarck, Deshayes.
Hab. Madagascar ; Beck.
Species 345. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus clavator. Bnl. testd elongato-oblongd, basi
tumidd et suboblique prodnctd, vix umbilicatd, anfrac-
tibus oeto, longitudinaliter rude elevato-striatis, ad stc-
turas cremdatis, columella subdepresso-rejlexd, labro
simplici, out paululum reflexo, snperne compresso ;
pallide livido-olivaced.
The club-beaeer Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong,
swollen and somewhat obliquely produced at the
base, scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
longitudinally rudely striated, crenidated at the
sutures, columella somewhat depressly reflected, lip
simple or a little reflected, compressed at the upper
part ; pale livid olive.
Petit, Mag. de Zool. 1 844, pi. 94.
Hab. Madagascar.
The sutures, as in many species of this form, are white.
/i/////////.v, /'/ ini
A
i
t
BULIMUS
Species 3-iR. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLllins CONSIMILIS. Bui. testa oblongd, subcylindraced,
bad rotttndatd, tenui, anfractibus sex ad septem, longi-
tudinaliter tenni-strialk, uUimo ventricosiusculo, colu-
mella simplicissimd, labro simplici ; brumiescente,
nitente, strigis saturaiioribHS hie illic notatd, apertura
faiice ccerulescente.
The similar Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat cylin-
di-ical, rounded at the base, thin, whorls six to seven
in number, longitudinally finely striated, last whorl
rather ventricose, columella very simple, lip simple ;
light brown, marked here and there with streaks of
darker brown, interior of the aperture bluish.
Hab. ?
This shell approaches nearest to the B. Tc
is certainly distinct.
, but
Species 347. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tenebricus. Bui. testa cyUndraceo-oblongd,
anfractibus septem ad octo, subrotundatis, prope sit-
turas subtiUssiiii'i' n'/ic/ihi/is. ntargine cremdatis, colu-
inelldrevolutd, Jnhro simpliri, ncuto ; albidd, purpureo-
roseo tinctd, purptiren-iiiyricante conspicue grandi-
vianilatd.
The darkened Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
whorls seven to eight in number, rather rounded,
very finely reticulated near the sutures, crenulated
along the edge, columella rolled back, lip simple,
sharp ; whitish, stained with purple-rose and conspi-
cuously painted with large blotches of purple-black.
Ilab. Ibu, West Africa ; Fraser.
Distinguished from B.Jlammeus, by its dwarf-like growth
and rich purple-rose hue. The specimen here represented,
was collected by Mr. Eraser during the unfortunate Ex-
pedition to explore the source of the Niger.
Species 348. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus spectralis. Bui. testa crjlindraceo-oblongd,
vi.r uiiibUicntd, anfractibus septem, lavibus, columella
revotatd, labro tenui, acuto ; albidd, epidermide teuui,
strain iiied indutd.
The spectral Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong.
slightly umbilicated, whorls seven in number, smooth,
columella rolled back, lip thin, sharp ; whitish,
covered with a thin straw-colom-ed epidermis.
Hab. ?
Care must be taken not to confound this species with
the uncoloured variety of B.flammeus, from which it differs
iu form, and in not being reticulated.
Species 349. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Bulimus Inca. Bui. testa cylindraceo-oblongd, iimbili-
catd, anfractibus septem ad octo, longitudimliter pli-
cato-striatis, suturis subprofundis, columella late re-
flexa, labro paululmn refle.vo ; nigricante-hmnned,
subolivaced, columelld alba, aperturm fauce purpnreo-
cinered.
The Inca Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong, umbili-
cated, whorls seven to eight in number, longitudinally
plicately striated, sutures rather deep, columella
broadly reflected, bp a little reflected; blackish-
brown, tinged ivith olive, columella white, interior
of the aperture purple-ash.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Me'rid. p. 393. pi. 38
f. 6,7.
Hab. Yungas and Cochabamba, Bolivia; D'Orbigny.
Th'- specimen here represented fi-om the collection of
Mr. Metcalfe, is the only one that I am aware of in this
countrj'.
Species 350. (Mus. Dennison.)
Bulimus suffusus. Bui. testa elongato-cglindraced, iim-
bUicatd, anfractibus novem, stibobsolete plicato-striatis,
rnargine cremdatis, Icevibus, nitidis, suturis profundis,
apertura pand, oblongd, columelld revolutd, labro sim-
plici, acuto; albd, rosea snffusd, epidermide tenui lutes-
cente indutd.
The blushing Bulimus. Shell elongately cylindrical,
uml)ilicated, whorls nine in number, rather obsoletely
plicately striated, crenulated at the margin, smooth,
shining, sutures deep, aperture small, oblong, colu-
mella rolled back, lip simple, acute ; wlutish, suffused
with rose, and covered with a thin yellowish epi-
Xovember, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate LIII.
Of a peculiarly swollen cylindrical form, approximating
to B. chrynalkliformk in an immature state, but of a
totaUy diiferent texture and detaU of character.
SiJecies 351. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS NuMiDicus. Bul. testa pyramidali-turritd, an-
fractibus novem, mdrotuiidatis, subiilissime reticulato-
siriatis, margine cremdatis, columella remlutd, lahro
simplici, acuta ; lutescente-alha, rufo-castaueo pecu-
liariter Jlammea,
The Numidian Bulimds. Shell pjTamidally turreted,
whorls nine in number, somewhat rounded, very
finely reticulately striated, crenulated at the edge,
columella roUed back, lip simple, sharp ; yellowish
white, peculiarly flamed with reddish chesnut.
Hab. Prince's Island, West Aiiica.
This species has been probably confounded by many
with the B.Jlanimem, from which it constantly differs in
form, sculpture, and colouring.
Species 352. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS FLAMMEUS. Bill, testo. oblongo-ttirritct, anfrac-
tibm octo, siibrotundatk, reticulaio-striatis, columeUd
revolutd, labro simplici, acuta ; lutescente-albd, apkem
versus ptcrpureo-rubente, eastaneo-bnmnea latiflarmned,
apertura fauce ccsrulescente.
The flamed Bdlimus. Shell oblong-turreted, whorls
eight in number, somewhat rounded, reticidately
striated, columella roUed back, lip simple, sharp ;
yellowish-white, tinged with purple-red towai-ds tlie
apex ; and broadly flamed with dai-k chesnut-brown,
interior of the aperture bluish.
Beuguiere, Enc. Me'th. vol. i. p. 322.
Helix Jlammea, Muller.
Hab. Banks of the Niger, Africa ; Fraser.
from the preceding species by its more
oblong form, absence of sutural crenulations, purple-rose
colouring, and broader flames.
1:1// /?// /!/.■> J -"I ///'
J
r3 a
& B a ilelrt, lltU
i
B U L I M U S
Species 353. (Fig. a and //, Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius ROSEATUS. Bid. tesld ohlotigo-ovatd, tentncHld,
vix tiiiMUcatd, anfmctUms se.c ad septem, siiOventri-
costs, traiisversim minuiissme impresso-driatis, cohi-
melld rejlexd, lalro mhexpamo, temd, acuta ; albidd,
rosea exiliter iinctd, stru/is fuseescentibus longitiidina-
Ubus interdum superiw notatd.
The roseate Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather tliin,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six to seven in number,
rather ventricose, transversely very minutely im-
pressly striated, columella reflected, lip somewhat
expanded, thin, sharp ; whitish, faintly tinged \vith
rose, and sometimes marked round the upper part
^-itb brownish longitudinal streaks.
Hah. Venezuela.
A delicately coloured species, approximating closely in
form and style of painting to the B. oreades.
The partkidge Bulimus. Shell ovately oblong, rathei-
solid, mnbilieated, whorls five to six in number, lon-
gitudinally very closely elevately striated, rather
gibljous, columella obscurely plaited, lip reflected ;
whitish, variegated with blue-black flames Ijlotches
and dots, cokmiella purplish at the upper part.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847.
Uab. New Granada ; Funck.
This and the three following having been described as
separate species, and, not to tUfler in a case which may be
regarded a matter of opinion, they are here published as
such ; I cannot however forbear expressing my conviction
that notwitlistandiug their apparent cbfterences of form
and detail of growth, they are but so many modified con-
cbtions of the same species. In the state described as
B. perdu; the longitudiual striae are extremely regidar, the
aperture is rounded, and the plait of the columella is
only obscm-cly developed at the upper part.
Species 354. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus feriatus. Bid. testa acmninato-oblonffd, vix
umbUicatd, anfractibiis sex, transversim sub leiite mmu-
tissinie impresso-striatis, calmnelld reflexd, labra ex-
panso, simpUci, vix reflexo ; virescente-albd, maculis
panm oUvaceo-fuseis quadratis prope apicem notatis,
fascia conspicud circa umbilicum.
The unemployed Bulimus. Shell aeuminately oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number, trans-
versely very minutely impressly striated beneath the
lens, columella reflected, Kp expanded, simple, slightly
reflected ; greenish-white, marked near the apex with
a few square olive-brown spots, and a conspicuous
band round the umbilicus.
Hab. Venezuela.
Another interesting new species from the same locality
as the preceding.
Species 355. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus perdix. Bid. testa ovato-ablongd, salidiuscidd,
umbdicatd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, laHgUiidiimUter
creberrime elevato-striatis, gibbasimcuUs, calimielld
obscure plicatd, labra reflexo ,- albidd, fammis maculis
punctisque creruleo-nigricantibus variegatd, columella
superiieptirpurasceii te.
j Species 356. (JMus. Cuming.)
Bulimus euuyomphalus. Bui. testa fusiformi-oblmigd,
solidiusculd, umbilicata, basi angtdato-cowpressd, an-
fractibus qninque ad sex, creberrime langitudinaliter
striatis, columella plicatd, aperturd trigono-contractd,
labra rejlexa ; carulescente-albd, punctis maculisque
fuhjiirantibus nigricantibus variegatd, columella intetise
purpurea.
The broad-plaited Bulimus. Shell fusiformly oblong,
rather solid, umbUicated, angularly compressed at
the base, whorls five to six in number, very closely
longitudinally striated, columella plaited, aperture
triangularly contracted, lip reflected; bluish-white,
clouded with black zigzag blotches and dots, columella
deep purple.
Hab. Venezuela ; Dyson.
Chiefly distinguished by its clouded zigzag style of
painting.
Species 357. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus glaber. Bid. testa subfusifarmi-ovatd, umbili-
cata, crassd, salidd, basi subcontractd, anfractibus quin-
ipiead sr.r, loiiyiliidiiialilcr carrugata-striatis, columella
plicatd, hihro iiivrnssato, ri'Jle.va-; albidd, strigis grisea-
nibeiitibits iiehiilatd et variegatd.
December, 1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate LR".
The smooth Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate,
umbmeated, thick, solid, slightly contracted at the
base, whorls five to six iu number, longitudinaUy
striated in a wrinkled manner, columella plaited, lip
thickened, reflected ; whitish, clouded and vaiiegated
with greyish-red streaks.
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3436.
Cochlogena auris-caprmus, De Ferussae.
Auricula Silent, Lamarck.
Bulimus cBffoiis, Menke.
Hab. West Indies.
This has a somewhat closer affinity with the two foUon-ing
species than with the two which precede.
Species 358. (Mus. Dennison.)
Bulimus distortus. Bui. testa fusifonii-oblongd, crassd,
soUdd, basi ani/ulato-compressd, anfractibus quinqm ad
sex, longitudinaliter corruffato-striatis, ad stcturas i>i-
terdum cremlatis, columella fortiter plicatd, aperturd
trigone -contracld, labro incrassato, rejlexo ; albidd,
cinereo-rubente variegatd et partim. strigatd, columella
intense purpurea.
The distorted Bulimus. Shell fusiformly oblong,
thick, solid, angularly compressed at the base, whorls
five to six in nimaber, longitudinally striated in a
wrinkled manner, sometimes crenulated at the sutures,
columella strongly plaited, aperture triangularly con-
tracted, lip thickened, reflected ; whitish, variegated
and partisdly streaked with ash-red, columella deep
purple.
Bruguiere, Enc. Meth. vol. i. p. 344.
Amis Mida distortus, Chemnitz.
Cochlogena distorta, De Ferussac.
Plekocheilus didortus, Beck.
Hab. Venezuela.
This is the type of the group, Sp. 355 to 358, which, as
before mentioned, I am inclined to think are but- one
species in dift'erent states.
Species 359. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus rimatus. Bui. testa cylindraceo-elongatd, temd,
subcorned, late mnbilicatd, anfractibus sex, lavibus,
nitidiusculis, columella expanm, aperiiirn suborbicidari
et productd; fuscescente.
The clefted Bulimus. Shell cyUndi-icaUy elongated,
thin, somewhat horny, broadly imibilicated, whorls
six in number, smooth, rather shining, columella ex-
panded, aperture nearly orbicular and produced; Uglit
brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846. p. 112.
Hab. ?
Mainly distingiiishcd by the rounded Pupa-\i]Le growth
of the aperture.
Species 360. (JIus. Cuming.)
Bulimus culmineus, Bui. testa oblongo-ovt
culd, vix mnbilicatd, anfractibus septem, minutissime
plano-graHulatis, longitudinaliter rude elevato-striatis,
columella reflexd, subcontortd, labro simplici, subexpan-
so ; albidd, apicem versus cinereofuscescente tinctd.
lineolis rufis liic illic notatd.
The lofty-dwelling Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather thick, scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, very minutely flatly gi-anulated, longitudinally
nidely elevately striated, columella reflected, some-
what twisted, lip simple, slightly expanded ; whitish,
stained with pale brownish ash-colour towards the
apex, and marked here and there with longitudinal
red lines.
For authority, locality, and remarks on this species see
PL XVII. Sp. 98, in which place a shell is represented
agreeing better with the B. Uthoicm of D'Orbigny.
Species 361. (Mus. Deunison.)
Bulimus Schiedeanus. Bui. testa ovatd, crassd, sub-
ampliter umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, convexis, lon-
gitudinaliter rugoso-siriatis, columella reflexd, in-
crassatd, labro incrassato, non reflexo ; calcareo-albd,
apertura fauce croceo-aurantid.
Schiede's Bulimus. SheU ovate, rather largely imi-
bilicated, thick, whorls six iu number, convex, lon-
gitudinaUy roughly striated, columella reflected,
thickened, lip thickened, not reflected ; chalk-white,
interior of the aperture tinged with saft'ron-orange.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Bat. p. 187.
Rab. Mexico.
A very solid opake chalk-white sheU, tinged with saftVon
orange iu the interior.
/Jn//////(s /'/ / /.
$
«^
■M
%
BULIMUS
Plate LV.
Sjjecies 362. (Mus. Deimisoii.)
BuLiMUS VELUTINUS. Bul. testd conico-ovata, hiflatd
umbilicatd, anfractibits sex, ultimo maxima, siriis obtmis
hngitiidinalihus et (raiisversis creberrhm deciissatis ;
columella pecuUariter rejlexd, labro tetmi, imulidura
rejkxd; inim extusque vivide brunned.
The velvetty Bulimus. Shell conically ovate, inflated,
umbiUeatcd, wLorls six in number, the last very
large, very closely decussated with obtuse longitu-
dinal and transverse stria; ; columella peculiarly re-
flected, lip thin, a little reflected ; bright brown
within and without.
Pfeiffek, Symbolje, vol. i. p. 42.
Bidimiis striffilosHS, Dufo.
Hab. Seychelle Islands.
A very delicately formed, largely inflated sheU of a rich
brown-coloiu', the surface being decussated in a manner
that gives it a soft velvetty appearance.
Species 363. (Mus. Dennison.)
BuLiJU's JoN.\si. Bi/l. testd subfnsiformi oblongd, vix
wmbiVxatd, anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter rugoso-
plicatis, columelld rejlexd, labro simplici; diaphand,
plicis opaco-lacteis, columelld pnrpurascente.
Jonas' Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number, longitu-
dinally roughly plicated, columella reflected, lip
simple ; diaphanous, folds opake cream-colour, colu-
mella light purple.
Pfeiffer, Philippi, Abild. Bid. pi. 5. f. 4.
Hah. Vera Cruz, Central America.
A veiy delicate and gTaceful shell, having the longitu-
dinal folds of an opake cream-colom-, whilst the interstices
are transparent, and the columella tinged with pui'ple.
Species 364. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Andicola. Bul. testd pyramidali-oblongd, siib-
umlilicatd,anfractibus septein, Icevibus, columelld rejlexd,
aperturd parviwscttld, labro simplici, acuto ; albidu,
strigis perpaucis rvfo-fuscescentibiis lac illic longitu-
dinaliter JHCtd.
The Andes-inhabiting Bulimus. Shell pj'ramidally
oblong, slightly umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
smooth, columella reflected, aperture rather small. Up
simple, acute ; white, long-itudinally painted here and
there with a very few reddish-brown streaks.
December
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 115.
Hab. Colimibian xVndes.
Of somewhat doubtful character and apparently of
immature growth.
Species 365. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pallidior. Bid. testd acimiinato-ovatd, sub-
ventricosd, ampUter umbilicatd, anfractibus septem,
lavibus, vel obscure striatls, columelld lalroque ex-
pansis; albd, intm aurauiio titictd.
The paler Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
ventricosc,largelyumbilieated, whorls seven in number,
smooth, or obscm-ely striated, lip and columella ex-
panded ; white, tinged in the interior with orange.
SowEEBY, Conch. Illus. Bulimus, Fig. 39 and 44.
Hab. ?
Very like B.proteus in general aspect, but destitute of
granules or any similar sciilptui'e.
Species 366. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Vincentinus. Bul. testd fusiformi-ovatd, tenui-
cnld, subpellncidd, anfractibus sex, Icevibus, nitentibus,
sub leide transversim minutissime inciso-striatis, colu-
melld plano-reflexd, aperturd oblongd, labro subexpanso ;
lutescente-alhd, interdum castaneo fasciatd.
The St. Vincent Bulimus. Shell fusiformly ovate,
rather thin, somewhat transparent, whorls sis in
number, smooth, shining, transversely very minutely
striated in an engraved manner under the lens_
columella flatly reflected, aperture obloug, lip some-
what expanded ; yellowish white, sometimes banded
\\'ith chesnut.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846. p. 30.
Hab. Venezuela; Linden. Islandof St. Vincent?
I fear the locality assigned to this species in the name
given to it by Dr. Pfeifl'er, is somewhat doubtfid.
Species 367. (^lus. Cuming.)
Bulimus inteestinctus. Bul. testd cyliudraceo-pyrami-
dali, noil umbilicatd, anfractibiis septem, stibrotmidatis,
oblique rude striatis, infra suturas pecuUariter crenu-
latis, columelld subcontortd, aperturd parvd, labro
tenui, simplici ; pellucido-albd, strigis perpaucis fuscis
/lie illic oblique pictd, epidermide tenui corned indutd,
columelld rosed.
1848.
BULIMUS.— Plate LV.
The divided Bulimus. Shell cylindrically pyramidal,
not umbilicated, wliorls seven in number, somewhat
roimded, obliquely rudely striated, pecidiarly crenu-
lated beneath the sutures, columella slightly twisted,
aperture small, lip thin, simple ; transparent white,
obliquely painted here aud there with a very few
brown stripes, covered with a thin homy epidermis,
columella pink.
Gould, Pfeiffer, Monog. Bui. p. 169.
Eadem var.
Bulimus ruiicimdttlus, Gould.
Halt. Cape Palmas, West Africa.
An interesting species distinguished by a peculiar
beaded row of fine crenulations beneath the sutures, and a
delicate pink columella.
Species 368. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus inglomus. Bui. testa subacumimto-oblotu/d,
tenuiculd, subumbilicaia, anfractibtts sex, rugoso-striatis
et obscure rude planigranulatis, columella, late reflexd,
labro temi, simplici ; spadieeo-alhd, strigis fuscis
albivariegatis irregulariter pictd.
The unimportant Bulimus. Shell somewhat acumi-
nately oblong, rather thin, slightly umbilicated, whorls
six in number, roughly striated and obsciu'ely rudely
flatly granidated, columella broadly reflected, lip thin
and simple; fawn-white, in-egularly painted with a
few white-mottled brown streaks.
Hub. ?
A delicately painted species not possessing any remark-
able character, but certainly distinct from any other that I
am acquainted with.
Species 369. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus manupictus. Bid. testa acuminato-ovatd, hasi
subattenuatd, mniilicatd, anfractibtts sex, lavibus vel
obscure striatis, colnmelld reflexd, labro simplici ; albi-
cante, ptirpureo-fusco conspicue longitudinaliter virgatd.
The hand-painted Bulimus. Shell acumiiiately ovate,
somewhat attenuated at the base, whorls six in
number, smooth or obscurely striated, columella re-
flected, conspicuously longitudinally striped with
purple-brown.
Hab. Andes of Columbia.
Of a somewhat diamond-shaped form.
Species 379. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus nigrofasciatus. Bui. testdovatd, subventri-
cosd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibtis sex, subtiliter rude
striatis, cohmelld reflexd, labro tenui, acuto ; pellu-
cido-ulbd, fasciis latis fusco-uigricantibtis compicue
pictd.
The black-banded Bulimus. Shell ovate, somewhat
ventricose, slightly umbdicated, whorls sis in number,
finely rudely striated, columella reflected, bp thin,
sharp ; transparent white, conspicuously painted with
broad broflnish-black bands.
Pfeiffee, MSS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. Valley of the Magdalina, New Granada.
Distinguished by its broad dark bands.
Jhiljirm.s.M IVI.
m
/:
\
I, B &. R imp
B U L m u s
Plate LVI.
Species 370. (]Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS MERiDiONALis. Bill, tffdii ovatu-conicd, wii-
bilicata, tenia, diaphauu, m/fraclibuis septew, ollirpte
mimde rude striatis, columella pecnliariter late reflexa,
labro tenui, aciito; pellticido-albd, zondtitiicafmcescente
medio citiyulald.
The meridional Bulimus. Shell ovately corneal, um-
bilicated, thin, diaphanous, whorls seven in number,
obliquely minutely nidely striated, columella pecu-
liarly broadly reflected, lip thin, sharp ; transparent
wliite, encircled round the middle mth a pale brown
zone.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. See, 1817. p. 331.
Hab. South Africa.
The general aspect of this shell reminds one somewhat
of an immature specimen of the Arlialuia alabaster.
Species 371. (Mas. Cuming.)
Bulimus limonoicds. Bid. testa elongatd, pi/ramidaU,
subuinbilicatd, anfractibus siptem, subrotundatis, coii-
centrice subriide rugoso-striatis, colnmelld reflexd,
aperturd parmusculd, lahro simplici ; rtifescente-corned,
Uneolis albidis longitudinaUter plus mimisve profuse
iiotatd.
The meadow Bulimus. Shell elongated, pyramidal,
slightly umbilicated, whorls seven in number, some-
what rounded, concentrically rather rudely roughly
striated, columella reflected, aperture rather small,
lip simple ; reddish horny, more or less profusely
marked with whitish longitudinal lines.
D'Okbignt, Moll. Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. p. 284.
Hab. Bolina; Bridges.
I have every reason to beUeve this to be the B. limonoi-
cits of D'Orbigny.
Species 373. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus cinekeus. Bui. testd elongato-ovatd, umbili-
catd, aiifraclibus septan ad ado, .subrotundatis, Icecibus
aut concentrice striatis, columella reflexd, aperturd
parvd, labro simplici ; pallide cinered, hie illic oblique
strigatd, apicem veisus pellucido-corued.
The ash-coloured Bulimus. Shell elongately ovate,
umljUicated, whorls seven to eight in number, some-
what rounded, smooth or concentrically striated,
columella reflected, apertm-e small, lip simple; pale
ash-coloured, obliquely streaked here and there,
transparent horny tovvards the apex.
Hab. Bolivia.
From a locality well examined by M. AJcide D'Orbigny,
but not agreeing with any of the species described in his
' Voyage.'
Species 373. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus electrum. Bui. testd oblongo-ovaid, tenui,
pMucidd, subintred, vix undiilicaid, anfractibus sex,
subinflatis, tramversim mimde inciso-striatis, colnmelld
reflexd, labro simplici, expamo ; pellucido-liited.
The amber Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, trans-
parent, somewhat glassy, scarcely umbilicated, whorls
six in number, slightly inflated, transversely minutely
engraved with stria?, columella reflected, lip simple,
expanded ; transparent yeUow.
Hab. Venezuela.
A delicate transparent shell of somewhat glassy texture,
distinguished by its bright amber coloiu'.
Species 374. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tumefactus. Bid. testd conioo-ovatd, late in-
flntd, pecnliariter wnbilicatd, anfractibus quiwpue ad
sex, uliiiiiu iiKLfliiio, tumido, oblique plicafo-striatis,
coliiiiieUi! iirriilidriter reflexd, labro tenui; pellucido-
conieii, ipideriiiide fuscescente hydropJumd, cingulum.
aiigustum punctaque perpauca hdermittente, indrdd.
The puffed Bulimus. Shell conicaUy ovate, broadly
inflated, pecidiarly umbilicated, whorls five to six in
number, the last very large and swollen, obliquely
plicately striated, columella peculiarly reflected, lip
thin ; transparent horny, covered with a light brown
hydrophanous epidermis, leaving a narrow belt and a
few small spots.
Hab. Great Bassam, West Africa.
A light horny shell of very pecidiar form, distinguished
by a second hydrophanous epidermis.
December, 1S4S.
BULDroS.— Plate LVI.
Species 375. (Mus. Deniiison.)
BuLiMUS CANTATUS. Bill, ledd subfusiformi-ohlougd, basi
suboHigue productd, umbilicatd, anfractibus sex ad
septem, lesvibus vel subobscure rude striatis, colmnelld
medio incurvatd, aperturd bad dntiatd, labro expanso,
subreflexo ; pallide spadiceo-albd, maculis parvis sub-
quadratis distantibus indistinde notatd, colmnelld la-
broque intus roseo-purpurek.
The chaemed Bulimus. Shell somewbat fusiformly
oblong, somewhat obliquely produced at the base,
umbilicated, whorls six to seven in number, smooth
or rather obscurely rudely striated, columella curved
inwards in the middle, aperture sinuated at the base,
lip expanded, partially reflected; light fawn-white,
indistmctly marked with small squarish distant spots,
lip and columella colom-ed interiorly with rose-purple.
Hai. ?
A very characteristic new species lix
I. Dennison Esq.
the collection of
Fig. 370. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus oblitus. Bui. testa cylindraceo-elon^atd, umbili-
catd, anfractibus novem, ad suturas peculiariter crenu-
latis, deinde obscure oblique eorruf/ato-striaiis, colmnelld
late reflexd, miiplicatd, aperturd pared, labro pau-
lulum expanso ; pellucido-albd, olivaeeo-luteo tinctd.
The forgotten Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elongated,
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, peculiarly crcnu-
lated beneath the sutures, then obscui-ely obliquely
striated in a wrinkled manner, columella broatUy
reflected, with a single plait, aperture small, lip a
little expanded ; transparent white, tinged with olive-
yellow,
//«i." Brazil.
Allied in form to the B. Janeirensis, but distinguished
amongst other characters by the finely beaded crenulations
beneath the sutm-cs.
Species 377. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Pazianus. Bui. testa pi/ramidali-obotiffd
ieiiui, diapliand, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, lavi-
bus, columella reflexd, labro simpliei, acuto ; corneo-
nlbidd, lineis strigisque fuscis longitudinaliter pictd.
Paz' Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, thin, diapha-
nous, scarcely umbQicated, whorls sLx in number,
smooth, columella reflected, lip simple, shai-p ; horny
white, longitudinally painted wdth brown lines and
streaks.
D'Okbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer, Merid. Moll. p. 286.
pi. 32. f. 10, 11.
Hub. Bolivia; D'Orbigny. Guatemala; Salle.
A delicate transparent shell, well characterized by its
bnear painting.
Species 378. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Californicus. Bui. testd subacuminalo-ovatd,
teimiculd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, leevibtts, colu-
mella reflexd, labro simpliei; lacted, zonulis interruptis
transversis caruleo-nigricantibus cingulatd.
The Calipornian Bulimus. Shell somewhat acumi-
nately ovate, rather thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls
six in immber, smooth, columella reflected, lip simple ;
cream colour, encircled with inten'upted transverse
blue-black zones.
Ilab. California; Hartweg.
There is little novelty in the character or general aspect
of this species, but it is certainly distinct.
BuUmm Fl.lTJl ■
1
A
3SC
4
^
%
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^
n
41
£, E, feE-jiap
B U L 1 1\I U S
Plate LYII.
Species 380. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMUS TRiciNCTUs. Bid. testd acumittato-ovatd, umhl-
licatd, anfractibus septem, lavibus vel obscure ncdi stri-
aiis, aperturd pared, labro simplici; caruleo-albidd,
iislulato-fuscescente longitudinaliter lineatd et strigatd,
zotmlls tribus niffricantiius basi conspicue pictd.
The tiikee-girt Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
iimbDicated, whorls seven in number, smooth or
obscurely rudely striated, aperture small, lip simple ;
bluish-white, longitudinally lined and streaked with
burnt-brown, painted in a conspicuous manner at
the base with three blackish zones.
Hab. ?
Tlie tliree dark zones which encircle the lower portion of
the whorls are concealed in all but the last.
Species 381. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus erubescens. Bui. testa pyrmnidali-oblongd,
vix wMUcatd, anfractibus sex, lavibus, tramversim sub
leiite miimte inciso-striatis, columelld iemdter reflexd,
labro simpUci, actdo ; roseo-hdesceide, npke rosacea.
The blushing Bdlimus. Shell pyramidally oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls si.\ in number, smooth,
transversely minutely striated in an engi-aved mamior
beneath the lens, columella finely reflected, hp simple,
sharp ; pinkish yeUow, apex pink.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1817. p. 112.
Hab. ?
The name erubescent has been used by Swainson in
reference to the B. yonxostoma, associated with Oouiostoma
as a g-enericword, but never with Bulimus.
Species 383. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius CHRYSALIS. Bul. testd ovato-turritd, subcyliii-
draced, sub-umbiUcatd, anfractibus rotundatis, obliqui
rugoso-striatuU^, columelld late reflexd, aperturd fere
roticndd, labro tenui ; intense purpnreo-f used.
The CHRYSALIS Bulimus. Shell ovately tm'reted, some-
what cylindrical, slightly umbilicated, whorls rounded,
obliquely finely roughly striated, columella broatUy re-
flected, aperture nearly round, li]) tliiu ; deep purple-
brown.
Hab. Guadaloupe.
Of a cylii
brown hue.
cally turrcted form and deep purplish
Species 383. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Soweebyi. But. testd omto-conicd, temd, sub-
iiifatd, mnbiUcatd, anfractibus sex, kevibus, infra
medium subattenuatis, columelld late reflexd, labro
tenui, simplici ; albidd, strigis fuscis obliquis pictd,
strigis aliis fuscis rectis, medio terminantibns decussatd,
:omdd nigricante unicdprope basin.
Sowerby's Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, thin, some-
what inflated, lunbilieated, whorls six in number,
smooth, slightly attenuated below the middle, colu-
mella broadly reflected, lip thin, simple; whitish,
painted with oblique brown streaks, crossed with
other straight brown streaks terminating in the middle,
near the base in a single blackish zone.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846. p. 111.
Hab. Andes of Columbia.
The double painting of straiglit lines crossing the
oblique on the upper half of the whorls is a very peculiar
feature in this shell.
Species 384. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Studeri. Bul. testd oblongd, subcyVmdraeed,
mabiUcutd, anfractibus sex, lavibus, columella reflexd,
labro siinpHci,paululmii expanso; flavicante-albd,fasciis
duubus roseis cingulatd.
Studer's Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat cylindrical,
umbilicated, whorls six in number, smooth, columella
reflected, lip simple, a little expanded; yellowish-
white, cncu'cled with two pink bands.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184C. p. 112.
Hab. Merida, New Granada.
The two pink bands which encircle the whorls of this
shell upon a sliining white ground, are very characteristic
Species 385. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus primula. Bul. testd oblongd, subcyUndruced,
unihiUcatd, anfractibus sex, lavibus vel oblique sub-
tUiter striatis, columelld late reflexd, labro simplici ,■
albidd, luteo hie illic vivide tinctd, zonis latis palUdi
roseis cingulatd, apice purpiireofuscd.
December, ISIS.
BULIMUS.— Plate LVII.
The primrose Bulimus. Shell oblong, somewhat cylin-
drical, umbilicated, whorls six in numbei-, smooth or
obliquely finely striated, columella broadly reflected,
lip simple ; whitish, here and there brightly coloured
\rith yellow, encii-cled with broad pink zones, apex
purple-brown.
Hnh. aierida. New Granada.
A prettily painted species from the same locality as the
preceding, differing slightly, but importantly, in form.
The whorls are somewhat more ventricose, and the re-
flected portion of the columella more appressed.
Species 386. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Meridanus. Bui. testa fusiformi-oUongd,
subumbilicata, sjjird acuminata, anfiaetibus septem,
lavibtts, nitentibus, mb lente transverdm minute im-
presso-striatis, columella, reflexd, lahro simplici; albidd,
hdeo et rosea eximii tinctd, fasciis pallide purpureis
inierruptis dngulatd.
The Mjerida Bulimus. Shell fusiformly oblong, slightly
umbilicated, spire acuminated, whorls seven in
number, smooth, shining, engraved beneath the lens
with minute transverse striae, columella reflected, lip
simple; whitish, deUcately tinged with rose and
yellow, and encircled with internipted pale pui'ple
bands.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846. p. 33.
Eab. Merida, New Granada.
Similarly delicately painted to the last two species from
the same locality, but of very diU'erent form.
Species 387. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus liquabilis. Bvl. testa ovato-conicd, ventricosd,
umbilicatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, subrotmidatis,
lavibus vel mimitksme siriatis, columelld late reflexd,
labro tenia, paulidmn expanso ; pellucido-corned, strigis
loiiyitudinalibus opacis notatd.
The dissolvable Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, ven-
tricose, mnbilicated, whorls six to seven in number,
somewhat rounded, smooth or very minutely striated,
columella broadly reflected, lip thin, a little expanded ;
transparent horny, marked with opake streaks.
Hab. Texas; Salle.
An inflated ovate shell, quite transparent except where
ornamented with longitudinal opake streaks.
Species 388. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus oonnivens. Bui. testa pyramidali-conicd,
\ solidiusculd, ampliter umbilicatd, anfractibus septem,
! oblique creberrimi plicato-striatis, columelld late ex-
pansd, aperturd rotundatd, labro expanso, paululuni
rejlexo ; opaco-albd, nitente, apertures fauce aurantid.
The dissembling Bulimus. Shell pyi-amidaUy conical,
rather solid, largely imibilicated, whorls seven in
number, obliquely closely plicately striated, columella
broadly expanded, apertm-e rounded, lip expanded, a
little reflected ; opake white, shining, interior of the
aperture saffron-orange.
Ilab. Senegal.
This shell obtains a pyramidal form from the last whorl
being widely convoluted and leaving a large imibdicus.
B,///mus. P/ 117//
k
391.
%^)
%
B U L I I\I U S .
Plate LVIIl
rfpecies 338. (Mus. Cuming.)
EuLiMUs Moz.*.MBiCENSis. Bul.tmti ovato-cO'idcd, sub-
turritd, subumbiUcatd, anfractibus sex ad septem,
lavibus, columeUd late rejlexd, aperturd parviusculd,
labro simplici ; albd, anfractnum parte superiori lineis
fuseis b)-evibus oblique pictd, medio lined nigra cingu-
latd, parte inferiori immactdatd.
The MozAMBiauE Bulimus. Shell ovately conic, some-
what turreted, slightly umbilicated, whorls six to
seven in number, smooth, columella broadly reflected,
apertm-e rather small, lip simple ; white, upper part of
the whorls painted vnXh. short oblique bromi Hues,
encircled round the middle with a l)lack line, lower
part unspotted.
Pfeiffek, Symbolw, vol. iii. p. 85.
Hab. Mozambirjue.
The painting of this species aff'ords a character in being
marked only above the line which encircles the nhorl at
the sutm-es.
Species 389. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius ZiEOLEEi. Bid. tedd obhngo-conicd, semi-pel-
lucidd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, obscure teniiis-
sinie decimatini striatis, labro simplici ; luteo-albidd,
srepefasciis castaneis mamloso-interrnptis cingidatd.
Zieglek's Bulimhs. Shell oblong conical, semitraus-
parent, slightly umbilicated, whorls six in number,
obscurely very finely decussately striated, lip simple ;
yellowish white, fi-equently encii'cled with chesnut
bands broken up into square spots.
Pfeipfee, Pro. Zool. Soe., ISiO. p. 113.
Hab. Central America.
The spots arising out of the interrupted character of the
bands are disposed obliquely.
Species 3'JO. (Fig. 390 n, b, c, Mus. Dyson.)
BuLlMUS Cuiuanensis. Bui. testa elongatu-oblougd,
subcylindraeed, basi obtuse angulatd et ampUter um-
bilicatd, anfractibus septem ad octo, plano-convexis, Ice-
vibtis vel minutissime striatis, columella late reflexd,
aperturd latt' expansd, non rejlexd, basi attetmatd, sub-
canalirnlatd ; griseu-albidd, fasciis caruleo-niyrican-
tihus iiilrrdiim ciiiijnlatu, umbiUco interdum intense
casfaneo, labnj intiis rosea.
The Curiana Buliju-s. Shell elongately oblong, some-
what cylindrical, obtusely angled at the base and
lai-gely mnbilicated, whoris seven to eight in number,
flatly convex, smooth or very minutely striated, colu-
mella broadly reflected, apertiu-e widely expanded,
not reflected, attenuated and slightly channelled at
the base ; greyish-white, sometimes encii-cled with
blue-black bands, umbilicus sometimes veiy dark
chesnut, lip pink within.
Hab. Curiana, Venezuela (on the leaves of Palms) ; Dyson.
One of the most interesting of the many beautifid
species of shells collected by Mr. Dyson during liis recent
expedition to Venezuela. It is very closely allied to
B. Kiiorri, but may be readily distinguished by its abrupt
angular growth at the base, and large umbilicus.
Species 391. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bl'LlJlus HuMBOLDTll. Bul. oblongo-conicd, subventri-
cosd, umbilicatd, suturis impressk, anfractibus septem,
subrotundatis, lavibus, politis, columelld late rejlexd,
labro simplici ; porcellaneo-albd, fasciis castaneis tribns,
peculiariter tenue interruptis, inferne cingnlatd.
Humboldt's Bulimus. Shell oblong-eonic, somewhat
ventricose, umbilicated, sutures impressed, whorls
seven in number, rather rounded, smooth, polished,
columella broadly reflected, lip simple ; porcelain
white, encircled round the lower part with three pecu-
liarly finely interrupted chesnut bands.
Bulimus Mexicanus, Valenciennes (not of Lamarck) in
Ihuub. Voy. Zool. vol. ii. p. St?, pi. 50. f. 1,
Hab. .Mexico; Humboldt.
This shell, an authentic specimen of Humboldt's species,
received by Mr. Cimiing from Paris, is essentially distinct
from Lamarck's B. Me.ricanus (PL XL. Sp. 244), though
resembling it in general aspect.
Species 393. (Mus. Dyson.)
Bulimus eeectus. But. testdpgramidati-oblungd, undiili-
cald, .s/iir/i aciiiiiiiiutd, siifuris ii/t/m'.^six. (uifractibus
subruhtiiihills, In.HjitiiduwIilrr rtui;- strind, ,- ci,hi„u-Uii
late njlr.nl, hdjm lenui, si„ip/ici ; jjr//iicub,.rorui'ii.
The erect Bulimus. Shell pyramidally oblong, um-
bilicated, spire acuminated with the sutures impressed.
Jauuarv, 1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LVIII.
whorls somewhat rounded, longitudinally rudely
striated, columella broadly reflected, lip thin, simple ;
transparent horny.
Hab. Curiana, Venezuela (on Cacti) ; Dyson.
Of a uniform horn colour with a peculiarly erect spire.
Very similar to the last in colour and substance, Ijut
sufficiently distinguished in form.
Species 393. (Mus. Dyson.)
BuLiMUs Cacticolus. Bui. testa acuminato-oblongd, sttb-
veiitricosa, tenuissimd, mnbilicatd, anfraetiius septem,
subrotuiidis, obscure decussatim striatis, cohimelld
reflexd, labro tenui, simplici ; pellucido-corned.
The Cactus-inhabiting Bulimus. Shell acuminately
oblong, somewhat ventricose, very tliin, umbilicated,
whorls seven in number, somewhat rounded, obscurely
decussately striated, columella reflected, lip thin,
simple ; transparent horny.
Hab. Cmiana, Venezuela (on Cacti) ; Dyson.
Species 394. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus opalinus. Bui. testd pyramidaU, basi ainjuUild
et subplanatd, vix nmiilicatd, anfractibus octo, plauo-
convexis, minutissime decussatim striatis, volumelld
reflexd, labro paululum reflexo ,■ opalino-albd, immacu-
latd.
The opal Bulimus. Shell pyramidal, angulated and
slightly flattened at the base, scarcely umbilicated,
whorls eight in number, flatly convex, very minutely
decussately striated, columella reflected, lip a little
reflected ; opal white, unspotted.
SowERBY, Beechey's Voyage, p. 144. pi. 138. f S.
Hab. Brazil.
Distinguished by its aciuninatcd Trochiform srowth and
pui-e opal white substance.
1
4
Bu/UNU.^. PL III .
a«!ve "Benhiin i R<rre,imp
BULIMUS.
Species 395. (Mus. Cumiiii;'.)
BULIMUS RUFO-NIGER. Bul . tPslil CO)lico-l iirrilii , iduhili-
catd, anfradibus septem, rotundatix, ohVuiiir irriijuliirili r
striatis, apertitrd snbrotmuld, lahro umplic'i ; n iijriciinle-
castaned.
The red-black Bulimus. Shell conically tiin-eted, um-
bilioated, whorls seven in number, rounded, oV)li(niely
irregularly striated, apertui-e nearly rounil, lip simple ;
blackish chesnut.
Ferussac (?)
Hab. Madagascar.
Of a peculiar dark chesnut reddish hue.
Species 396. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius CASTRENSis. Bul. testd conico-oblongd, mnbili-
cutd, aiifractibus septem, Icevibiis, columella reflexd, labro
siniplici ; alhidd, striyis cceruleo-viridibus albi-denticu-
latis, maculis oblongis opaco-albis pecuUariter notatd.
The camp-marked Bulimus. Shell conically oblong,
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, smooth, colu-
mella reflected, lip simple ; whitish, peculiai'ly
marked with bluish green streaks denticulated with
white, and opake white oblong spots.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 115.
Hah. ?
It is only by reference to the figure that it is possible to
form au adc(iuate idea of the singular painting of this
species.
Species 397. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus trilineatus. Bul. testd cylindraceo-oblongd,
imperforatd, anfractibus sex, longUudinaUter subtiliter
pUcato-rngatis, columelld angnstd, labro simpUci ; gri-
seo-alhicante, strigis tenuihts fuscis longitudinalibus plies
minusve dense ornatd, aperturce fauce castaneo-fuscd.
The trilineated Bulimus. Shell eylindi-ically oblong,
not umbilicated, whorls six in number, longitudinally
finely plicately wrinkled, columella narrow, Mp simple ;
greyish white, more or less thickly oniamented with
fine brown longitudinal streaks, interior of the aper-
ture chesnut -brown.
Helix triUueata, Quoy, Yoy. de TAstrol. vol. ii. p. i07. pi.
9. f. 1 to 3.
Hab. Port George, New Holland.
The painting of this species is probably variable in it
character, as the specific name given to it by M. Quoy doc
not strictly apply to the specimen here fignired.
Species 398. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bi'Li.MUS nitelinus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, ad basin
subatteiiuatd, vix imibilicatd, anfractibus quinqne ad
sex, lavibus, medio tumidiusculis, columella paululum
refiexd, labro simplici ; albidd, roseo-aurantio tinctd,
fasciis niaculisque nigricanlibus, remote intemeptis,
ornatd, aperturd rosed.
The gold-tinged Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, slightly
attenuated at the base, scarcely umbilicated, whorls
five to six in number, smooth, rather swollen in the
middle, columella a little reflected, lip simple;
whitish, tinged with rose-orange, ornamented with
remotely interrupted spots and bands, apertiu'e pink.
Hah. Mexico.
Of a warm rose-orange tint, jiecidinrly marked, though
not of very novel asjiect.
Species 399. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlJirs DETRITUS. Bid. testd cylindraceo-obhngd, soli-
diiisciiUl, vi.r iiifiliilinilil, iriifriicHhiis septem., convexius-
ciilis, ad siif/inis KnhlU'ilrr m-niildfis, columelld late
rejtexd, aperturd purriusculd, lubro snbexpauso ; sor-
dide albd, sape cinerascente longitudinaliter strigatd.
The worn Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy oblong, rather
solid, slightly umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
rather convex, finely crcnulated at the sutures,
columella broadly reflected, aperture rather small,
lip somewhat expanded ; dead white, frequently lon-
gitudinally streaked mth pale ash.
Helix detrita, Midler, Verm. vol. ii. p. 101.
Helix sepium, Gmelin.
Coclilogena rndiata, Ferussac.
Cochlogena deulhata, Ferussac.
Bidimiis riielanorhinus, Jan.
Bulimus ahbreviufus, Jan.
Bulimus luteus, Ziegler.
I Ilnh. Central Europe.
Januarv, 18-t9.
BULIMUS.— Plate LIX.
This well-known species is very generally distributed
throughout Germany and other parts of Central Eiu-ope.
Species 400. (Mus. Cuming.)
BvLiMUS HoNDTJRASANDS. Bill, testd subocuminato-
oblonga, tenuicidd, timiilicatd, anfractibm sex, con-
vexiuscuUs, l/eviius, columella late refiexd, labro sim-
plici ; pellucido-flavescente, roseo-fnsco trifasciatd.
The Honduras Bulijius. Shell somewhat acuminately
oblong, rather thin, umbilicated, whorls six in immber,
rather convex, smooth, columella broadly reflected,
lip simple ; transparent yellowish-white, encircled by
three rose-brown bands.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 29.
Hub. Honduras ; Dyson.
A very delicate transparent rose-tinged shell.
Species 401. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS SORDIDCS. Bill, testd conico-ovatd, teniii, sub-
ampliter umbilicatd, anfractibus sex ad septetn, rotun-
datis, creberrime fortiter elevato-striatis, coliimelld late
expansd, vix refiexd, labro temii, simplici ; sordkle
fused.
The sordid Bulimus. Shell couically ovate, thin,
rather largely umbilicated, whorls six to seven in
niunber, rounded, very closely strongly elevately
striated, columella broadly expanded, scarcely re-
flected, lip thin, simple ; didl brown.
HeUx sordida, Lesson, Voyage de la Coquille, p. 315. pi.
13. f. 3.
Hab. Euvii-ons of Lima.
It has been supposed that Mr. Broderip's Bulimus Pro-
teus is the B. sordidus of Lesson; but Dr. Pfeiffer has
shown it to be a distinct species, as the authentic specimen
here figm-ed, obtained by Jlr. Cuming from those collected
by M. Lesson, sufficiently verifies. The name sordidus
applied to Sp. 100, must therefore be cancelled in favour
of Mr. Broderip's very significant title of Proteus.
Species 403. (Mus,,Cuming.)
Bulimus constrictus. Bui. testd subcylindraceo-ovatd,
soUdiusculd, profundi iinibilicatd, spirce suturis im-
pressis, anfractibus septem, convexis, tetiuissime striatis,
columelld late expansd, aperturd parviusculd, sub-
reflexd ; opaco-albd.
The constricted Bulimus. Shell somewhat cylindri-
eally ovate, rather solid, deeply umbilicated, sutures
of the spire impressed, whorls seven in number, con-
vex, very finely striated, columella broadly expanded,
aperture rather small, with the lip a little reflected ;
opake white.
Pfeiffer, Symbote. vol. i. p. 43.
Bulimus Angosturensis, Gruner.
Hab. Angostura.
Dr. Pfeiffer describes this species as having a liorny
epidermis.
Species 403. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Sprattii. Bui. testd subgloboso-ovatd, solidius-
culd, turgidd, umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, longitudin-
aliter ruguloso-plicatis, columella late expansd, labro
subrefiexo ; albidd, epidermide tenui corned olivaced
partim indutd.
Spratt's Bulimus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
rather solid, swollen, umbilicated, whorls six in
number, longitudinally rather roughly plicated, colu-
mella broadly expanded, lip slightly reflected ; whitish,
partially covered with a thin horny olive epidermis.
Pfeiffer, in Phil. Abbild., Bulimus, pi. 4. f 6.
Hab. Asia Minor, Pisidia ; Forbes. Lycia; Spratt.
A turgid delicately plicated species of very distinct form.
Bu/i//ii/.i. Fl LJ .
I
I
\
ft
k
fl*.
B U L I I\I U S .
Plate LX.
Species Mi. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BtHMUs Cantorii. Bui. testd obloiigo-cylmdraced, soU-
dimculd, compresfse umbilicatd, anfmctibus octo, pur-
obliijui temms'mie striatis, columelld concavo-expaiisd,
aperturd suborbiculari, labro plano-reflew ; pellucido-
corned, labro albido.
Cantor's Bulimus. Shell obliquely cylindrical, rather
solid, compressly umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
very obliquely finely striated, columella concavely
expanded, aperture ueai'ly orbicular, lip flatly reflected;
transparent horny, lip whitish.
Philippi, Zeitschr. fur Mai. 1844. p. 165.
Hab. Envii'ons of Nanking, Cliina.
Although of a subtransparent horay substance, it is
rather a stout shell.
Species 405. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Rossmassleri. Bui. testd acuminato-oblongd,
suhcyUndraced, compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus octo,
oblique crebeirime plicato-driatis, columelld concavo-
expansd, callositate parvd superne munitd, aperturd
pared, labro subexpanso ; supenie fused, in/erne sordide
albd.
Rossmassler's Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
slightly cylindrical, compressly umbilicated, whorls
eight in number, obliquely very closely plicately
striated, columella concavely expanded, furnished at
the upper part with a small callosity, apertuj-e small,
lip slightly expanded ; brown at the ujjper part, dull
white about the lower.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184(5. p. 1 13.
Hab. Asia Minor.
It appears to be a general character in the species, to
present the above recorded contrast of colour.
grooved, whorls seven to eight in nmnber, flattened,
but little convex, columella indistinctly one-plaited,
aperture orbicular, lip flatly reflected ; greyish white,
apex brown, lip wliite.
Pfeiffer, Symbols, vol. iii. p. 88.
Hab. Syria.
Distinguished among other characters by the flattened
and closely appressed volution of the whorls.
Species 407. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Lycicus. Bid. f,'s/ii ly/ii/draceo-ova/d, subven-
Irico.m, I'/.r iiiiibiliciilii, (iiij'niclibiix nex ad septeni, lavi-
biis, iiitidi.Wiiiiix, nihiiiii'Uii ulwiirij indplicatd, labro sub-
iiicras-sato, rejfe.fo ; I'onwo-lutesceide, pMucido, Inbro
albido.
The Lycian Bulimus. Shell cylincbically ovate, rather
veutricose, scarcely umbilicated, whorls six to seven
in number, smooth, very shining, columella obscurely
one-plaited, lip somewhat thickened, reflected ; horny
yellow, transparent, lip whitish.
Pfeiffer, Phil. AbbQd. vol. ii. p. 113. pi. 4. f. 4.
Hab. Lycia; Spratt.
A comparatively stout shell, vet of such clear trans-
parent substance that the axis of the columella may be
seen thi'oughout.
Species 406. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Syriacus. Bui. testd oblongo-cylindraced, com-
presse iwibilicatd, spirm suturis Uiieari-sulcatis, anfrac-
tibus septetii ad octo, planulatis, parmn convexis, colu-
melld indisliucte uniplicatd, aperturd orbiculari, labro
plauo-reflexo ,• grkeo-albicante, apicefusco, labro albo.
The Syrian Bulimus. Shell oblong-cylindrical, com-
pressly umbilicated, sutures of the spire linearly
January,
Species 408. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus candelaris. Bui. testd elongato-oblonijd, unis-
trali, subcylindraced, compresse unibilicaid, anfractibus
iimem, plano-convexis, subrude tenuistriatis, columelld
concavo-expansd, aperturd jjarvd, labro expanso ; -lor-
didi albd, labro eburiieo.
The candle-like Bulimus. Shell elongately oblong,
sinistral, somewhat cylindrical, compressly umbili-
cated, whorls nine in nimaber, flatly convex, rather
rudely finely striated, columella concavely expanded,
aperture small, lip expanded ; dead white, lip ivriry
white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846. p. 40.
Ilab. ?
Locality unknown, but probably on the confines of
Europe and Asia.
BULIMUS.— Plate LX.
Species 409. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BULIMUS CAENEUS. Bill, festd cyUndraced, vix mnbiUcatd,
apice obtusd, anfractibus twvem, plam-convexis, oblique
subobscure striatis, columelld late expansd, subpUcatd,
aperturdfere semiorbiculari, labro subinerassato, con-
spicue rejlexo ; corned, pellticidd, nitidd, labro alba.
The fleshy Bulimds. Shell cylindrical, scarcely umbi-
licated, obtuse at the apex, whorls nine in number,
flatly convex, obliquely somewhat obscurely striated,
columella broadly expanded, slightly plaited, aperture
nearly semiorbicular, lip rather thickened, conspi-
cuously reflected ; horny, transparent, shining, lip
white.
Pfeiffee, PhUippi, Abbilil. vol. ii.pl. 4. f. 5.
Hab. Lycia; Spratt.
This, like the B. Lycicus from the same locality, is a
stout shell, although sufficiently transparent to show the
axis of the columella.
Species 410. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BULIMUS LABEOSUS. Bul. testd cylindraced, tumidd, so-
lidiusculd, compresse umbiUcatd, anfractibus sex ad
septem, obscure oblique tenuistriatis, nitidis, columelld
cottcavo-expansd, subplicatd, aperturd fere orbicnlari,
labro incrassato, late reflexo, lira callositate continuo ;
livido-ftiscescente, subpellucidd, labro intense lacteo.
The beoad-beuimed Bulimus. Shell cylindrical,
swollen, rather solid, compressly umbdicated, whorls
six to seven in number, obscurely obliquely finely
striated, shining, columella concavely expanded,
slightly plaited, aperture nearly orbicular, lip
thickened, broadly reflected, continuous with a
callous ridge ; pale Uvid brown, somewhat transparent,
Hp dark cream-coloui'.
Oliviee, Voy. Levant, vol. ii. p. 322. pi. 31. f. 10.
Coclilogena labrosa, Perussac.
Pupa labrosa, Lamarck.
Hab. Syria.
This fine species is remarkably characteristic of the
semitransparent substance, cylincbical form, and dilated lip
typical of the Bidiini of Syria and Asia Minor.
Species 411. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Ehrenbeegi. Bul. testa abbreviato-eylindraced,
tumidiusculd, compresse umbiUcatd, apice erecto-papil-
lari, anfractibus septem ad octo, lavibus, vix striatis,
columella lubroque reflexis ; sordide eeerulescente-albd.
Eheenbeeg's Bulimus. Shell abbreviately cylindrical,
rather swollen, compressly umbUicated, apex erectly
papOlaiy, whorls seven to eight in number, smooth,
slightly striated, lip and columella reflected ; dull
bluish-white.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1S46. p. 113.
Hab. Greece.
Of a stout cyliudi'ical growth with the apex peculiarly
erect and papillai-y .
Species 412. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus labiosus. Bid. testd acuminato-cylindraceu,
solidiusculd, anfractibus octo, lavibus, politis, columella
late expansd, subplicatd, aperturdfere orbiculari, labro
convexo-incrassato, latissime reflexo, lamina callosd
continuo ; opalino-albd.
The wide-lipped Bulimus. Shell acuminately cylin-
drical, rather solid, whorls eight in number, smooth,
polished, columella broadly expanded, somewhat
plaited, aperture nearly orbicular, lip convexly
thickened, vei-y broadly reflected, continuous by a
callous lamina ; clear opal white.
Bruguieki:, F,uiy(l(i|]r(li(' Jlc'thodique, p. 347.
HeVulalm^^.i, Aliilln-.
Pupa .lrl,r,l,lrl, lircluZ.
Hab. Island of Socotra, Coast of Africa ; Jehenne.
Distinguished by its solid clear opal-like substance.
Species 413. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Alepi. Bul. testd oblongo-cylindraced, com-
presse umbiUcatd, anfractibus septem, oblique tenuissime
striatis, columelld plano-expansd, subplicatd, aperturd
fere orbiculari, labro refe.vo, callositatibusfere continuo ;
corneo-albicanle, subpellucidd, suturis opaco-nlbo margi-
natii, labro albo.
The Aleppo Bulimus. Shell oblong-cylindrical, com-
pressly umbUicated, whorls seven in number, obliquely
very finely striated, columeDa flatly expanded, some-
what plaited, apertiu'e nearly orbicidar, lip reflected,
almost continuous with callosities ; horny white,
transparent, sutm-es edged with opake white, lip white.
Cocldogena Alepi, Perussac, Procfrome, p. 418.
Bulimus lialepensis, Pfeiffer.
Hab. Environs of Aleppo, Syria.
Resembling the larger B. labrosus , both in aspect and
general detail of character.
%J
Biiltmws FUJI
BULIMUS.
Species 41-t. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS SARCODES. Bul. acimwiato-ohlongd, temn, sub-
profunde mnhiUcatii, anfractibtis sex ad septem, tenuis-
miw rnguloso-dnatis, driis spiraUbus tmuiibus im-
pressis sub lente deeussatu, columella reflexd, labro sini-
pUei ; pellucido-corned, incai'iiato tinctd.
The flesh-tinted Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
thin, somewhat deeply umbilicated, whorls six to
seven in number, veiy finely rugosely striated, and
decussated, beneath the lens, with delicate impressed
strife, columella reflected, lip simple; transparent,
horny, tinged with flesh colour.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840. p. 30.
Hab. Honduras ; Dyson.
An extremely delicate transparent shell.
Species 41.5. (JIus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS FASCIOLATUS. Bid. oblongo-ci/Uudruced, soU-
diusculd, vix umbiUcatd, apice obtusd, aufractibiis
septem, plano-convexis, striatulis, prope siituras mime-
tissimi granulatk, columelld breviter reflexd, aperturd
paninsculd, labro subexpanso ; albidd, fasciis longitu-
dinalibus nigricante-fiiscis interdmn conspicue pictd,
apertura fame intense castaneo-fuscd.
The little-banded Bdlimus. Shell oblong-cylindrical,
rather solid, scarcely umbilicated, obtuse at the apex,
whorls seven in number, flatly convex, finely striated,
very minutely granulated near the sutm-es, columella
shortly reflected, aperture rather small, lip slightly
expanded; whitish, conspicuously painted with lon-
gitudinal blackish-brown bands, interior of the
aperture deep chesnut-brown.
Olivier, Voy. Levant, vol. i. p. 41(5. pi. 17. t'. 5.
Coclilogena fasr.'wlata, Ferussac.
Piqia fasc'wluta, Lamarck.
Hab. Syria, Crete, Ehodes, &c.
The white variety, represented at Fig. 415 b, is still
marked with faint longitudinal bands.
Species 416. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS HoHENACKERi. Bid. testd oblongo-cijlimh-nced,
solidiuscidd, vix umbiUcatd, anfractibus octo,plaiio-coii-
Januar'
vexis, teiiuissime subgraiiuloso-striatis, columelld la-
bnqiie subexpansis ; alba, intus iiUense nigricaute-fiiscd.
Hohenacker's Bulimus. Shell oblong-cylindi-ical,
rather solid, scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in
number, flatly convex, very finely somewhat granu-
losely striated, lip and columella a little expanded ;
white, interior deep chesnut-brown.
Krynicki, in BuU. Moscow, vol. ix.
Bidimns xautkostoma, Hohenacker.
ITab. Georgia.
Closely resembling the white variety of the preceding
species, especially in regard to the intense dark colouring
of the interior.
Species 417. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Tournefortianus. Bid. testa elungato-turritd,
sinisirali, vix umbiUcatd, anfractibus duodecim, plano-
convexis, Irsvibus vel oblique minute striatis, columelld
labroque ■iiibe.rpansis, tridentatis ; albd, aperturce fauee
aiiraiiiio-lideu.
Tournefort's Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted,
sinistral, scarcely umbilicated, whorls twelve in
number, flatly convex, smooth or obliquely minutely
striated, lip and columella a little expanded, three-
toothed ; white, interior of the apertm-e orange-
yellow.
CoMnq,:,i(i Tnuniffnrtiaiia, Ferussac in Tournefort, Voy.
L,.va„l.w,l.in.p.30s.
Pupa IriJrulala, Lamarck.
Hab. Turkey in Em'ope.
The Clttusdia lavis of De BlainviUe, quoted bv Dr.
Pfeiffer as synonymous with this species, dLfters in being
less elongated and composed of fewer whorls.
Species 41S. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus eburneus. Bid. testd elongato-turritd, nan
umbdicatd, anfractibus nocem, lavibus, politis, columelld
■wb reflexd, labro sim.pUci ; eburiied, intus luteo palUdi
tinctd.
The ivory Bulimus. Shell elongately tun-eted, not
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, smootli, polished,
columella a little reflected, lip simple ; ivory nhite,
interior tinged with yellow.
1S4'J.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXI.
Pfeiffer, Symbolae, vol. ii. p. 44.
Hob. Turkey in Europe.
Of a .•jiuooth polished ivory aspeet.
Species 419. (Mus. Ciuning.)
BuLiMUS FoiisKALii. Bill, testd ventrkoso-ovatd, cylin-
draceu-Piiplformi, late mribilicatd, anfractibus octo,
oblique crelerrinie elevato-striatis, columelld unipUcatd,
aperturd suborbkulari, labro latumie expamo ; pellii-
cklo-nlbd, labro iutus fulvo-mtignineo iuicto.
Foeskal's Bulimus. Shell ventricosely ovate, cylindri-
cally Pupa-shaped, widely umbilicated, whorls eight
in number, obliquely very closely elevately striated,
columella one-plaited, aperture nearly orbicular, lip
very much expanded ; transparent white, lip tinged
within with fulvous-blood colour.
Bnlinms Forskalii, Beck, Ind. p. 68.
Helix sulcata, Chemnitz.
Pupa Candida, Lamarck.
Pupa arata, Eecluz.
Hab. Ai-abia.
This species partakes very much of the character of Ptipa.
Species 420. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiiMUs Tauricus. Bui. tedd cylindraceo-turritd, soli-
diuscitld, compresso-umbilicatd, anfractibus novem ad
decern, planiusculis, subobscure oblique striatis, columella
labroque dilatatis, aperturd parviMmtld; alba, aper-
tureefauce aurautio-luted.
The Tartary Bulimus. Shell cylindiically tui-reted,
rather solid, compressly umbilicated, whorls nine to
ten in number, rather flattened, somewhat obscurely
obliquely striated, lip and columella dilated, aperture
rather small ; white, interior of the aperture tinged
with orange-yellow.
Lang, Pfeiffer. Monog. Bui. p. 226.
Bulimus ihteatus, Eossmassler.
Bulimus obsoletus, Ziegler. ^
Bulimws fusiformis, Menke .
Hab. Tartary.
Very minutely striated beneath the lens.
Species 421. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus cylindricus. Bui. testd cylitidraceo-oblongd,
sini-sirali, ienuiculd, t>ix umiilicatd, anfractibm
octo, convexis, obliqiie striatis, columelld expamd, labro
simplici ; ccerulescente-albd, aperturtB faiice lutescente
tinctd.
The cylindrical Bulimus. Shell cyUudrically oblong,
sinistral, rather thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls
eight in number, convex, obHquely striated, columella
expanded, lip simple ; bluish white, interior of the
aperture faintly tinged with yellow.
Menke, MSS.
Hab. ?
The apes of this reversed species has a somewhat
papillary aspect.
Species 422. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Dardanus. Bui. testd aciiminato-turritd, viz
umbiUcatd, anfractibus octo ad novem, convexis, oblique
striatis, columelld reflexd, aperturd oblique semiovali,
labro simplici ; albidd, incarnaio-fusco obscure tinctd et
strigatd,, aperture fauce saturatiore.
The Trojan Bulimus. Shell acuminately turreted,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight to nine in number,
convex, obliquely striated, columella reflected, aper-
ture obliquely semi-oval, lip simple; whitish, obscurely
stained and streaked with flesh-tinted brown, interior
of a rather darker colour.
Hab. Asia Minor, Turkey in Eurojie.
Of a more acuminated, less cylindrical form than most
of the allied species.
BvJmius. PI. LJU-
4
M.
4
a B St li.-mij)
ftBS li.et Hfti
B U L I M U S.
Plate LXII.
Species 423. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS FALLENS. Bill, testd conico-ovatd, tenuicidd, an-
fractibus quinque ad sex, sub lente tenuissime oblique
striatis, sink subtilissimis impressis spiralibiis exsculptis,
anfractu uUimo medio snbangulato, columella tenni, an-
gustd, labro simplici ; pallidi stramined.
The pale Bhlimus. Shell conically ovate, rather thin,
whorls five to six. in number, beneath the lens very
finely obliquely striated, and sculptured with very
fine impressed spiral strife, last whorl slightly angled
in the middle, columella thin, narrow, lip simple ;
pale straw-colour.
Jonas, MSS. Mus. Cuming.
Hab. ?
This has very much the appearance of an immature
shell, and is published with some doubt.
Species -i^i. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus fekrugineus. Bui. testd conico-ovatd, itmbilica-
td, anfractibtts rotundatis, Ifsmhus, columelld labroque
simpUcibus ; albidd, rufo-fusco concentrice strigatd, et
ad basin spiral iter interrupte fasdatd.
The kusty Bulimus. Shell conically ovate, umbilicated,
whorls rounded, smooth, lip and columella simple ;
whitish, concentrically streaked with reddish-brown,
and spirally banded at the base in an intemipted
manner.
Hab. Peru.
An interesting little species, distinguished by a very
characteristic style of painting.
Species -1:?5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Dysoni. Bui. testd ovato-turritd, minute um-
bilicatd, anfractibus sex ad septem, rotundatis, irregu-
lariter temiistriatis, columelld reflexd, labro simplici :
fusco-corned, semipellucidd.
Dyson's Bulimus. Shell ovately tuiTeted, minutely um-
bilicated, whorls six to seven in nmnber, rounded,
irregularly finely striated, columella reflected, lip
simple ; brown homy colour, semitransparent.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. .39.
Hab. Honduras.
A bright brown pellucid shell in which the columella is
visible throuiihout.
Species 436. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Kunawurensis. Bui. testd elongato-turritd,
siuistrorsd, compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus duodecim,
lavibus, aut obscure ruguloso-striatis, ad suturas mi-
null^ crenulatis, aperturd parvd, columelld labroque ex-
pansis ; fmcescente-corued, sirigis opacis hie illic
notatd, labro intus niveo.
The Kunawur Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted.sinis-
tral, compressly umbilicated, whorls twelve iu num-
ber, smooth, or obscurely roughly striated, minutely
crenulated at the sutures, aperture small, lip and
columella expanded ; brownish horny colour, marked
here and there with opake white streaks, lip snow-
white within.
HUTTON, MSS.
Hab. Kunawur, India.
I am iudebted for this characteristic Indian species to
IMr. Benson, and for the information that it was collected
by Capt. Hutton at Cbini in Kunawur on the bank of the
river Sutlej, before it passes thi-ough the snowy range of
the Himalaya.
Species 427. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus irroratus. Bid. testd acuminato-oblongd,
medio ventricosd, anfractibus sex, subrutundatis, striis
tumidis elevatis interruptis oblique exsculptis, infra
suturas peculiariter concetitrice crenulatis, columelld
stride uniplicatd ; rufescente-purpured, anfractu ultimo
epidermide tenui cinerascente, maculis fnlvo-albidis,
f/tsco-umbratis aspersd, induto, columelld carulescente-
alhd, labro iiicarnato-roseo.
The bedewed Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
ventricose in the middle, whorls sis in number, some-
what rounded, obliquely sculptui'cd with swollen
raised interrupted stri*, and peculiarly concentrically
crenulated beneath the sutures, columella strictly one-
plaited ; reddish purple, last whorl covered with a
pale ash epidermis, sprinkled with brown-shaded
fidvous white spots, columella bluish-white, lip flesh-
pink.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1849.
Hab. Brazil? New Granada?
Mr. Cumin;; is indebted for this beautiful new species
BULBIUS.— Plate LXII.
to the liberality of A. L. Gubba, Esq., of Havre. It is
of a swollen ovate form with the spii-e rather sharply
acuminated, and the columella is distinguished by a sharp
winding plait. The ground colour of the shell is a reddish
purple, the last whorl being particularly characterized by
a thin ash-coloured epidermis, sprinkled with light fulvous
spots, all inclining towards the lip which is of a delicate
flesh-pink.
Species 428. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS LINEATUS. Bul. testd acuminato-conicd, sub-
umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, leevibits, sub lente
minute striatis, columella late rejlexd, aperturd siibobU-
qud, labro paululum rejkxo ; albidS, cinnam.omeo-fm-
cescente oblique lineatd et strigatd, labro niveo.
The lineated Bulimus. Shell acuminately conical,
slightly umbibcated, whorls seven in number, smooth,
minutely striated beneath the lens, columella broadly
reflected, aperture rather oblique, lip a little reflected ;
whitish, obliquely lineated and streaked with light
cinnamon brown, hp snow-white.
Spix, Test.Bras. p. 8.pl. 7. f. 6.
Hab. Brazil.
Not much unlike the B. cmnamomeo-Uneaiuti in general
appearance.
Species 429. (Mus. Cuming.)
BxJLiMUS psEUDO-SucciNEA. Bul. testd subfusiformi-
oblongd, tenuissiind, vitred, pellucidd, an/ractibus quin-
que ad sex, subtilissime striatulis, ultimo injlato, patulo,
columelld labroque tenuibus, simplicibus ; stramineo-
corned.
The false-Succinea Bulimds. Shell somewhat fiisi-
formly oblong, very thin, glassy, transparent, whorls
five to six in number, very finely and delicately stri-
ated, last whorl inflated, \vide open, lip and columella
thin, simple ; pale straw horn-colour.
Potiez and Michaud, Gal. de Douai, vol. i. p. 140. pi.
13. f. 5.6.
Helix pseudo-Succinea, Moricand.
Hab. Bahia, BrazU.
An extremely transparent glassy shell of a delicate pale
straw-colour.
Species 430. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Natalensis. Bul. testd angidato-conicd, Tro-
cliiformi, anfractibus sex, oblique striatis, ultimo angu-
lato-productis, columella subincrassatd, labro simplici ;
fulvd, nitente, nigro-fusco conspicue fasciatd.
The Natal Bulimus. Shell angularly conical, Tro-
chus-shaped, whorls six in number, obUquely striated,
last whorl angularly produced, columella rather
thickened, lip simple ; fulvous, shining, conspicuously
banded with black-brown.
Kkauss, Sudafrikanischen Moll. p. 71. pi. 5. f.l.
Hab. Port Natal, South Africa.
A light semitransparent trochiform shell, conspicuously
dark-banded at the sutures and round the middle of the
last whorl.
BuJi^nus ri LXIIL
I
,1
^
B U L I .AI U S .
Species 431. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS PUPA. Bui. testa q/Undraceo-oblongd, vix miibi-
licatd, anfractibus septem, obscure rude striatis, apertiird
parviusculd, lahro siciexpan-so ; peUucidO'Corned, lahro
alho.
The pupa Bulimus. Shell cyliiidrically oblong, scarcely
uinbilicated, whorls seven in number, obscurely rudely
striated, aperture rather small, lip a little ex]iandcd ;
transparent horny, lip white.
Beuguiere, Enc. Meth. vol. i. p. 349.
Helix pupa, Linnaeus.
Varietates (fide Pfeiffer).
Bulimus tuherculaius, Turton.
Bulimus emarginatus, Deshayes.
Bulimus Bahattcliii, Anton.
Bulimus lahiufus, Ziegler.
ru/m jirimitii-d, Meuke.
Hub. Sicily, the Morea, Algeria, the Canary Islands, &c.
This species is not found in Britain or Central Europe.
Species 433. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus leucodon. Bui. testa subelongato-turritd, vi.v
timbilicatd, anfractibus iiovem, oblique creberrime im-
presso-striatis, aperturd parvd, subquadratd, marginibus
junctis, labro dmde valido iiiterno, extus scrobicnlum
formaiite, medio conspicuH munito ; olivaceo-corned,
dente labroqne albidis.
The white tooth Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongately
turreted, scarcely umbilicated, whorls nine in numljcr,
obliquely very closely impressly striated, apertm-e
small, somewhat square, margins joined, lip conspi-
cuously furnished in the middle with a strong internal
tooth, forming a depression on the outer surface ;
olive-homy, tooth and lip whitish.
Pfeiffee, Phil. Abbild. Conch, vol. ii. p. 114. Bulimus,
pi. 4. f, 7.
Hab. Near Trebizond.
Easily distinguished by a prominent internal tooth on
the outer lip, whilst there is no indication of one on the
columella.
Species 433. (Mus. Cuming.)
3LIMUS SiDONiENSis. Bill, testd cyVrndraceo-turritd,
timbilicatd, anfractibus novem., plano-convexis, oblique
striatis, aperturd subquadratd, prominuld, labro reflexu;
pallide caruleo-einerascente, apice corned, apertura
faucefuhd.
The Sidon Bulimus. Shell cylindrically turreted,
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, flatly convex,
obliquely striated, aperture somewhat square, pro-
minent, lip reflected ; pale bluish ash, apex horny,
interior of the aperture fulvous.
Helix Sidoiiifims, Fcrussac, Prodrome.
Pupa BuVuimides, Pfeiffer.
Hab. S\Tia.
On the confines of the genera Bulimus and Pupa, but
partaking rather more of the characters of the former.
Species 434. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Martinicensis. Bui. testd acuminato-turritd,
umiilicatd, spirre suturis subimpressis, anfractibus sep-
tem ad octo, subtiliter oblique striatis, aperturd subqua-
drato-ovatd, labro expanso ; corned, subpellucidd, labro
albo.
The Martiniuue Bulimus. Shell acuminately turreted,
umbdicated, sutures of the spire impressed, whorls
seven to eight in uimiber, finely obliquely striated,
aperture somewhat squarely ovate, lip expanded;
horny, rather transparent, lip white.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc., 184(5, p. 40.
Hah. Martinique.
Chiefly distinguished by its acuminated form.
Species 435. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus perspectivus. Bui. oblongo-turritd, iemiiculd,
ampliter et profundZ umbilicatd, anfractibus septem,
hevibus, subtilissime oblique striatis, aperturd subqua-
d rato-oblongd ; labro parum expanso; iutus exlusque
inteusi castani'd.
The perspective Bulimus. Shell oblong-turreted,
rather thin, largely and deeply umbiUcated, whorls
seven in number, smooth, very finely obliquely stria-
ted, aperture somewhat squarely oblong, lip but little
expanded ; deep chesnut brown within and without.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 184G, p. 33.
Hab. ?
Of a uniform transparent deep reddish-chesnut colour.
ItULIMUS— Plate LXIII.
Species 436. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Kraussi. Bid. testa ovato-veniricosa, anfrac-
tibits septem, undiqiK piilcherrime minute gramdatis,
longitudhmliter pUcato-striatk, cohimelld stride refiexd,
labro suiincrassato, non refiexo ; albidd, riifo-fusco
apicem versus conspicue flammatd, et supra suturas
pecuUariter arliculatd, columelld lahrique limbo interno
intense castaneo-purpureis.
Kkauss's Bulimus. Shell ovately ventricose, whorls
seven in number, very beautifully minutely granulated
throughout, longitudinally plicately striated, colu-
mella closely reflected, lip rather thickened, not
reflected ; whitish, conspicuously flamed with reddish
brown towards the apex, and peculiarly articidated
above the sutui-es with the same coloiu-, colimiella
and inner edge of the lip deep chesnut-pm-ple.
Pfeiffee, Symbolfe, vol. iii. p. 85. Krauss, Die Suda-
frikanischen Mollusken, p. 78. pi. 5. f. 4.
Hab. Natal, South Africa (in the woods) ; Krauss.
This magnificent species, fi'om a locality which has
contributed little of particidar interest to this genus, par-
takes very much of the form of B. oblongus and its
congeners from South Eastern America. In colouring
it is characterized by a singidar articulated band around
the sutures, and the lip and columella are coated with an
enamel of deep chesnut-purple. In scidptui'e the entii-c
surface of the shell is beautifully minutely granulated,
besides being plicately striated, a character to which it is
proper to direct attention from the diiiiculty of representing
it in a figiu'e.
The discovery of this fine species by Dr. Krauss in the
woods of South Africa, gives us some idea of the
richly painted snails and other animal forms that may be
dwelling at this moment in the vast unexplored regions
of that immense continent so fatal to European health and
enterprise.
Species 437. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pubescens. Bui. testa oblongo-ovatd, umbili-
catd, anfractibiis sex ad septem, subrotundatis, sub lenle
iiiinutissime reiiculalis, columelld mdpUcatd, rejkxd.
lubro rejiexo ; pellucido-corned, epidermide tenui pubes-
cente indutd, columelld labroque albidis.
The pubescent Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, mnbiU-
cated, whorls six to seven in number, somewhat
rounded, veiy minutely reticidated beneath the lens,
columella one-plaited, reflected, lip reflected ; trans-
parent horny, covered with a thin pubescent epidermis,
lip and columella whitish.
Moricakd, Mem. 3rd Supp. p. fi3. pi. 5. f. 21-33.
Hab. Bahia, Brazil.
Distinguished by its minutely reticulated surface, and
pubescent epidermis.
Species 438. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus fraterculus. Bui. testa subacuminato-ovatd,
umbilicatd, tenuiculd, anfractibus sex, oblique tenuis-
sime plicaio-striatis, striis impressis spiralibus paralklis
reiaotis decussatis, columelld refiexd, labro simplici ;
pellucido-corned.
The allied Bulimus. Shell somewhat acuminately
ovate, umbiHcated, rather thin, whorls sis in number,
obliquely very finely plicately striated, decussated
with remote parallel spiral impressed strife, columella
reflected, lip simple ; transparent horny.
Potiez and Michaud, Gal. de Douai, p. 141. pi. 13. f. 7, 8.
CocJdogena fraterculus, Ferussac.
Hub. Guadaloupe.
The remote spiral stria; which characterize this shell,
are totally ditt'erent in appearance from those which tra-
verse it obliquely.
Species 439. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Orbignii. Bui. testa aciiminato-oblongd, umbi-
licatd, anfractibus septem, concentrice creberrinw tenui-
liratis, columelld subreflexd, labro simplici ; alba.
Orbigny's Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, whorls
seven in number, concentrically very closely finely
ridged, columella slightly reflected, lip simple ; white.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 31.
Hab. Lima.
Veiy like the B. scalariformis in general aspect, but
sutficiently distinct on comparison.
Buiiiniu: r/.Liir.
%
B.3 k.W .u^E
B U L I M U S .
Species 440. (Mus. Cuming.)
BcLiMUS SocoTRENSls. Bid. testd globosd, crassiusctda,
umbiUcatd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, cotispicue coti-
centrice pUcato-striatis, aperturd mhrotmidaid ; albidd,
fusco pectdiariter oblique spiralUer imdato-strigatd,
apertura fauce fused.
The Socotra Bulimus. Sbell globose, rather tliick,
umbilicated, whorls five to six in number, conspi-
cuously concentrically plicately striated, aperture
somewhat rounded ; whitish, pecuhai'ly obliquely
spirally streaked in a waved raaiiuer with brown,
interior of the aperture brown.
Hab. Island of Socotra.
About the size of a large pea, curiously painted with
spii'aUy oblique streaks.
Species 441. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLI^[CS Ferdssaci. Bui. testd oblongo-turritd, umbiU-
catd, anfractibus octo, subrotundatis, Icevibns, columelld
reflexd, aperturd pand ; opaco-albd, nigripunciatd,
anfractu idtimo fascia nigrd citignlato.
Ferussac's Bulimus. Shell oblong-tuiTeted, umbili-
cated, whorls eight in number, somewhat rounded,
smooth, columella reflected, aperture small ; opake-
white, dotted with black, last whorl encircled with a
black band.
DuNKER, Zeitschr. fur Malac. 1845, p. 1G4.
Hab. Loanda, West Africa.
Sprinkled with minute dots upon au opake-white ground,
the last whorl being encircled with a conspicuous band.
Species 442. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Bahiensis. Bui. testd fusifornd-oblongd, um-
biUcatd, anfractibus octo, plano-convexis, lavibus, co-
lumelld reflexd, uniplicatd, aperturd oblongd, labro
expansd; pellucido-albd, opaco-albo hie illie peeuUari-
ter undatd.
The Bahia Bulimus. Shell fusiformly oblong, umbili-
cated, whorls eight in number, flatly convex, smooth
columella reflected, one-plaited, aperture oblong, lip
expanded ; transparent-white, peculiarly waved hei-e
and there with opake-white.
MoRiCAND, ilem. de Geneve, vol. vi. p. .541. pi. 1. f. 0.
IM. Bahia, BrazU.
The opake-white streaks on the surface of this trans-
parent shell, have somewhat the character of an epi-
dermis.
Species 443. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus reticulatus. Bui. testd obeso-cylindraced, soli-
diusculd, apiee mucronato, anfractibus septem ad octo,
plano-convexis, sub lente minute granoso-reticulatis,
suturis pecidiariter sulcatis, columelld late reflexd,
aperturd parviusenld, labro couspicue reflexo ; albido-
fuscescenie, labro eburueo.
The RETICULATED Bulimus. Shell stoutly cylindrical,
rather solid, apex pointed, whorls seven to eight in
number, flatly convex, minutely gi-anosely reticidated
beneath the lens, sutiu-es pecidiarly grooved, colu-
mella broadly reflected, aperture rather small, lip
conspicuously reflected ; whitish-brown, lip ivory-
white.
Hab. West Africa.
Distinguished by its delicate minutely grained surface.
Species 444. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus cylindricus. Bui. testd pyi-amidaU-tiirritd,
minute umbiUcatd, anfractihus decern ad uridecim, Icevi-
bus, poUtis, columelld plano-reflexd ; albidd, fusceseente
fasciatd, strigis purpureo-nigri-s peculiariter reticulaiis
longUudinaliter oblique pictd, apice nigricante.
The cylindrical Bulimus. Shell pyramidally tun-eted,
minutely umbilicated, whorls ten to eleven in number,
smooth, poKshed, columella flatly reflected ; whitish,
banded with light brown, lougitudinaUy obUquely
painted mth peculiarly reticulated purple-black
streaks, apex blackish.
Gray, Annals of Philosophy, 1835, vol. ix. p. 414.
Bulimus articulatus, Turton.
Macroceramus signatus, Guilding.
Bulimus signatus, Sowerby.
Hab. Island of Tortola, West Indies.
A singularly-painted porcelain-like shell, distinguislied
bv its pyramidal growth.
Species 415. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Guildingii. Bid. testd pgramidali-turri/d.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXIV.
minute umbiUcatd, anfractibus decern ad undecim, sub-
rolundaiis, Icevibus, columella parum rejkxd, aperturd
pared, rotmidatd, labro stihexpanso ; alba, tnaatlis
nigricaute-fuscis reticulatis oblique pictd, anfractu
ultimo fasciato, apice nigricante.
Guilding's Bulimds. Shell pyramidally turreted, mi-
nutely umbilicated, whorls ten to eleven in number,
rather rounded, smooth, columella but little reflected,
aperture smaU, rounded, lip slightly expanded ; white,
obliquely painted with blackish-brown reticulated
patches, last whorl banded, apex blackish.
Pi'EiFFER, Symbolse, vol. i. p. 83, and vol. ii. p. 115.
Hab. West Indies.
Distinguished ii-om the preceding species, by the whorls
being more rounded, and the shell less sharply pyramidal.
Species 446. (Mus. Cunriug.)
BuLlJiUS FRAGOSUS. Bul. testd obeso-cyUndraced, late
umbiUcatd, apice mueronato, anfractibus septem, plano-
convexis, concetitrice creberrime elevato-striaiis, suturis
qttasi stdcatis, eolumelld late reflexd, obscure uniplicatd,
aperturd subrotundd, labro expanso ; sordide albd.
The kough Bulimus. Shell stoutly cylindrical, broadly
umbilicated, apes painted, whorls seven in number,
flatly convex, concentrically very closely 'elevately
striated, sutures as though grooved, columella broadly
reflected, obscurely one-plaited, aperture nearly round,
lip expanded ; dead white.
Pfeiffer, Symbote, vol. ii. p. 45.
Cochlogena fragosa, Ferussac.
Hab. Yemen, Ai-abia.
The margins of the aperture almost unite on the body
whorl.
Species 447. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus coronatus. Bul. testd oblongo-turritd, vix
umbiUcatd, anfractibus lavibus vel obscure rude striatis,
tuberculis parvis compressis ad suturas crenulatis, eolu-
melld tenui, angustd ; pellucido-stramined.
The coronated Bulimus. Shell oblong-turreted,
scarcely umbUicated, whorls smooth, or obscurely
rudely striated, crenulated at the sutures with a row
of small compressed tubercles, columella thin, narrow;
transparent straw-colour.
Pfeiffer, Sjonbolse, vol. iii. p. 83.
Hab. Brazil.
Each whorl is coronated at the sutuj'cs by a row of
small compressed tubercles.
Species 448. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus formosus. Bul. testd cylindraceo-oblovgd, sub-
miMlicatd, apice mueronato, anfractibus decern, rotun-
datii, concentrice subtiliter striatis, aperturd pared,
roiundd, labro subexpanso ; albidd, nigricante-fusco
traniversim lineatd et oblique remote strigatd, apice
nigricante.
The beautiful Bulimus. Shell cyUndrically oblong,
slightly umbilicated, apex pointed, whorls ten in
number, rounded, concentrically finely striated, aper-
ture small, rounded, lip a little expanded ; whitish,
transversely Uneated and obliquely remotely streaked
with blackish brown, apex blackish.
Gray, Wood, Index Test. Supp. pi. 6. f. 34.
Hab. Island of St. Domingo, West Indies.
Closely allied to the pretty West Indian species above
described, B. eylindricus and Chdldingii.
Species 449. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Boissieri. Bul. testd globosd, inflatd, fragili,
pellucidd, epidermide tenui corned nitente indutd, spird
brevi, suturis impressis, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque,
rotundatis, columella tenui, simplici, aperturd sub-
ampld; pellucido-brumied.
Boissier.s Bulimus. Shell globose, inflated, fragile,
transparent, covered with a thin shining homy epi-
dermis, spire short, sutm-es impressed, whorls four
to five in nimiber, rounded, columella thin, simple,
apertm-e rather large ; transparent bro^Ti.
Hab. Bahia, Brazil.
A cm-ious little Physa-YiVt shell, of transparent horny
substance, extremely delicate to the touch.
Uii lining i'l LX]
At
k
%i.
m
[liiiTp;Lsert»iipfo>n-flLJ
B U L I M U S .
Plate LXV.
Species 450. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS cosTATUs. Bid. kstd cyUHdraceo-turritd, soU-
dkisculd, compresse timbilicald, anfractibus octo, con-
zexis, nitide striato-costulaiis, columella plano-rejlexd,
plicato-deutatd, aperturd parvd, labro paululum e.c-
panso ; cirwrascente-carned, nitente, costulis albi-
caniibits, aperturce fauce fttscd.
The KIBI3ED BuLiMUs. SheO cylindrically tuiTrted,
ratiier solid, comprcssly umbilicated, whorls eight in
number, convex, neatly sculptured with fine striate
ribs, columella flatly reflected, plicately toothed,
apertiu-e small, lip a little expanded ; pale ashy flesh-
colour, sliining, riljs whitish, interior of the aperture
brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 184S.
Eab. Brazil.
Very delicately riljbed after the manner of a Pupa.
Species 451. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLDius coNiFORMis. Bill, testd ovato-coiiicd, mi/n/fr
iimbilicatd, anfraclibm quinque, leevibits, ultimo veiitri-
coHO, medio obtuse anguluto, columelld brevissime
refiexd, aperturd oblongd, labro simpUci, acuta ; albidd,
strii/isfiism oblique irregulariter notatd.
The cone-shaped Bclimus. Shell ovately conical,
minutely umbilicated, whorls five in number, smooth,
last whorl ventricose, obtusely angled in the middle,
columella very shortly reflected, aperture oblong, lip
simple, sharp ; whitish, obliquely ii-regularly marked
with brown streaks.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1840. p. 114.
Ilab. Andes of Columbia, near Jlerida.
The peculiar conical form of tliis shell gives it tlie
appearance of immature growth.
Species 452. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLiJirs PUNCTATUS. Bui. te-Ud ovato-coiiicd, siibpru-
fii/ide umbilicafd, anfractibus sex, Itsvibiis, columelld
late refiexd, appressd, aperturd ovatd, labro simplici ;
ustulato-albd, zonuld ayigustd puuctisqiie numerosis
sparsis, nigricantibus, ornatd, apice nigricante.
The dotted Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, rather
deeply umbilicated, whorls six in number, smooth,
Jlay,
rolianclhi broadly reflected, appressed, aperture ovate,
lip simple; scorched wliite, ornamented with a
naiTow blackish spiral zone, and numerous scattered
spots, apex blackish.
Aston, Verz. p. C2.
Hab. Bundelkhund and Southern India (on plants);
Benson, Jerdon.
The name given to this species in manuscript by
Mr. Benson was solatus, signifying freckled, not solutus as
printed by Dr. Pfeifler. Manuscript names ought not,
however, to be quoted as synonymes ; a private name
is scarcely open to public criticism.
Species 453. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus pemphigodes. Bui. testd globoso-conicd, ven-
tricoso-infiatd, temmsimd, »UHicie umbilicatd, spird
brevi, anfractibus quinque, eoiwexis, oblique subtilissime
striatis, columelld refiexd, appressd, aperturd ampld,
labro simplici, acuta ; pallide virescente-stratnined, dia-
phaiid, epidermid,e tenni opacd fasciatim indiitd.
The bladder-like Bulimus. Shell globosely conical,
ventricosely inflated, very thin, minutely umbilicated,
spii-e short, whorls five in numbei', convex, obliquely
very finely striated, columella reflected, appressed,
aperture lai-ge, lip simple, sharp ; pale greenish
straw-colour, diaplianous, covered with a thin opake
epidermis.
Jonas, Zeitsehi-. fur Malac. 1S46. p. 12.
Hab. Guinea.
An extremely delicate inflated species named originally
5. vcsicidosiis by Dr. Jonas in manuscript.
Species 454. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus irregularis. Bid. testd omto-oblongd, subam-
pliter mnhiVicatd, anfractibus sex, ruguloso-striatis,
suturis inipressis, columelld late refiexd, aperturd
oblongd, labro simplici ; carneo-fuscescente.
The irregular Bulimus. Shell ovately oblong, rather
largely imibUicated, whorls six in number, rather
rougldy striated, sutures impressed, columella broadly
reflected, apertm-e oblong, lip simple ; light fleshy
brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847. p. 331.
1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXV.
Hob. Quito, Equador; Lattre.
This species is more fully described by Dr. Tfeiffer, but
its characters are very simple, approacliiug those of the
Chilian group.
Species 455. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS DEALBATUS. Bid. iestd ovato-conicd, ieimiculd,
umbilicattt, aiifractibiis sex, apicem, versus subtilissime
strialis, columella rejlexd, aperttird ovatd, dmplici ;
virescente-albd, subpellucidd, macvlk pnnetisqm opaco-
aUk irregulariter strigatd et aspersd.
The whited Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, rather
til in, umbilicated, whorls six in number, very finely
striated towards the apex, columella reflected, apertm-e
ovate, simple ; pale greenish transparent white, ir-
regularly streaked and sprinkled with opake dots and
blotches.
Say, Journ. Nat. Hist. See. Philadelphia, vol. ii. p. 159.
Hah. Alabama, North America.
The surface marking of this shell is not unlike that of
the B. conspersus.
Species 456. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Yungasensis. Bui. testd subfusiformi-oblongd,
tenuiculd, vix mnbilkatd, anfractiim sex, subrugosis,
obscure indentatis, colmnelld recedente, rejlexd, piano-
appressd ; violascente-albd, maculis violaceo-brunnek
itiaqtmlibus triseriatim cinctd.
The Yungas Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly
oblong, rather thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls six
in number, rather rough, obscurely indented, colu-
mella receding, reflected, flatly appressed ; violet-
tinged white, encircled with three rows of irregular
violet-brown spots.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dansl'Amer. Merid. p. 316. pi. 40. f. 1.
Ilab. Eastern side of the Andes of Bolivia, in the woods
near the Meguilla river ; D'Orbigny.
This species is unknown to me in good condition.
Species 457. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Dussumieki. Bui. testa obeso-cylindraced,
bilicatd ad apicem subobtusd, anfractibus octo, angusiis,
oblique strialis, columella rejlexd, aperturd subguad-
ratd; pellucido-corned.
Dussumiee's Bulimus. Shell stoutly cylindi-ical, um-
bilicated, rather obtuse at the apex, whorls eight in
number, narrow, obliquely striated, columella re-
flected, aperture somewhat square ; transparent homy.
Hab. India.
Mr. Cuming received this shell from the continent with
the above name, but I cannot learu that it has been pub-
lished.
Species 458. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Sayi. Bui. testd conico-oblongd, minute um-
bilicatd, anfractibus sex, confertim rugoso-plicatis,
colmnelld breviter rejkxd, appressd; opaco-albd, strigis
rvfescente-fuscis pellucidk longitudinaliter notatd, circa
miMUcum nifescente-fuscd.
Say's Bulimus. Shell conically oblong, minutely um-
bUieated, whorls six in number, closely rugosely pli-
cated, columeUa shortly reflected, appressed; opake
white, longitudinally marked with transparent red-
dish-white streaks, reddish-brown around the umbi-
licus.
Pfeiffer, Pro.Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 114.
Hab. ?
The transparency of the brown stripes that distinguish
this species, is very peculiar.
Species 459. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus cyclostoma. Bui. testd conicd, profundi et sub-
ampUter umbilicatd, anfractibus rotundatis, concentrice
striatis, columella late rejlexd, aperturd eirculari, labro
simpUci ; ccerulescente-albd.
The round-mouth Bulimus. Shell conical, deeply and
rather largely umbilicated, whorls rounded, concen-
trically striated, columeUa broadly reflected, aperture
circular, lip simple ; bluish-white.
Hab. ?
Of a delicate white texture, deeply umbilicated, and
approaching the form of a Cyclostoma.
Bulimus.B.LIYT-
'<
k
ll,u,..;,s,.doiM'-halt
B U L m u s .
Plate LXVI.
Species 460. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS DMBiLiCARis. Bid. testd pyramidali-coiiicd,
profundmurie et amplissimi nmbilicatd, anfractibus sex
ad septan, compresslssimis, concentrice striatis, suturis
impressis, aperturd anguste ovall, labro subexpanso ;
pallide corneo-cinered.
The umbilical Bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical,
very deeply and largely lunbilicated, whorls six to
seven in number, very compressed, concentrically
striated, sutures impressed, aperture naiTow-oval, lip
slightly expanded ; pale flesh-tinged ash.
Souleyet, Revue Cuvierieune, 1843, p. 103.
Hab. Cobija, Bolivia.
This species is remarkable for its very capacious umbi-
licus, the whorls being so much compressed as to form a
hollow cone.
Species 461. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus variatus. Bui. testd cylmdraceo-oblongd, crassi-
uscidd, couipresse nmbilicatd, anfractibus se})tem, oblique
striatis, aperturd parvd, columelld labroque refiexis ;
brmined, striyis lutescentibus oblique variegatd.
The varied Bulimus. Shell cyHndi-icaUy oblong,
rather thick, compressly umbibeated, whorls seven in
number, obliquely striated, aperture small, lip and
columella reflected ; dark brown, obliquely variegated
with yellowish streaks.
Webb and Berthelot, Syn. p. 326.
Hub. Canary Islands.
There appears to be a slight yellowish epidermis.
Species 463. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Gossei. Bui. testd cylindraceo-turritd, com-
presse umbilicatd, apice attenuate, anfractibus undecim,
angustis, subrotundatis, peroblique costulato-striatis,
suturis cremdatis, aperturd circulari, columelld labroque
paultdum expansis; griseo-cinerascente, strigis seniilu-
naribus albls,fusco-umbratk, punclisque fiiscis, oriiatd,
fusco pellucido.
Gosse's Bulimus. Shell cylindrically turreted, com-
pressly umbilicated, apex attenuated, whorls eleven
in number, narrow, somewhat rounded, very ob-
liquely sculptured with flue rib-like stri;e, sutures
creniilatcd, aperture circidar, lip and columella a
little expanded ; greyish-ash, ornamented ^\'ith brown
dots and white semilunar streaks shaded with brown,
the brown being transparent.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845. p. 137.
Hab. Jamaica; Gosse.
The interesting new species of Bulimus and Achatiiia
collected by Mi-. Gosse in the Island of Jamaica, whilst
engaged in ornithological pursuits, present an honourable
testimony of his zeal in natural science, and furnish an
example of what may be done by an active collector, with
eyes to observe, and a mind to comprehend, the minute
forms of animal life.
Species 463. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Kieneri. Bui. testd cylindraceo-turritd, com-
press} umbilicatd, apice attenuato, anfractihus iredecim,
subrotundatis, peroblique cosfuJnto-sfriafis, suturis cre-
mdatis, aperturd circtdari, i-nlniiicllii hihroqne sube.v-
pansis; fusco-corned, strigis seinihiiKinhns albis, satu-
rate umbratis, ornatd.
Kiener's Bulimus. SheU cylindrically turreted, com-
pressly umbilicated, apex attenuated, whorls thirteen
in number, somewhat rounded, very obliquely stri-
ated in a rib-like manner, sutures crenulated, aperture
circular, lip and columella a little expanded ;
brownish-horny, ornamented with semilunar white
spots shaded with darker brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 40.
Hab. Honduras.
It is somewhat doubtful whether this is anything more
than a local variety of the B. Gossei of Jamaica.
Species 464. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus zebriolus. Bui. testd cylindraceo-elongatd,
Pupa-formi, late timbiUcatd, anfractibus decern, oblique
subobscure striatis, aperturd subquadratd, tridentatd,
mnrginibus subexpan-sis, callo conjunctis ; cretaceo-albd,
strigis ungustisfuscis oblique notatd.
The striped Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elongated,
Pupa-shaped, broadly umbilicated, whorls ten in
number, obliquely rather obscurely striated, aperture
somewhat square, three-toothed, margins a lift
May, 1849.
BULIMUS.— I'LATE LXY
panded, joiued by a callosity ; chalk-white, obliquely
marked with narrow brown streaks.
Helix {Cochlogeiia) zebrlola, Fcrussac, Prodrome, No. 455.
BuUmus zebra, Olivier.
Var. immaculata. BitUmus calcareus, Parreyss.
Uab. Greece ; Capt. Spratt.
Of an opake chalk-white obliquely marked with nume-
rous streaks of light brown.
Species 465. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS BIDENS. Bid. testd, cylindraceo-elougatd, cra-i-si-
usculd, conipresse umbilieatd, aii/ractibus novem, plaiio-
corwexis, oblique obscure striatis, columella rejlexd, cun-
spicue dentato-plicatd, aperturd parvd ; carulescenty-
ttlhd, strigis anyuslis perpaucis fuscis nolatd.
The double-tooth Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elon-
gated, rather thick, compressly umbUicated, whorls
nine in number, flatly convex, obliquely obscurely
striated, columella reflected, conspicuously dentately
plaited, aperture small ; bluish-white, marked witli a
very few brown streaks.
Krynicki, Bull. Acad. Moscow, vol. vi. p. 401. pi. 1. f. •'!.
BuUmus Clamilia/ormis, Menke.
Bnliiiim appendicidatus, Potiez and jMichaud.
Hah. Syria.
Potiez and Michaud regarded this species as the Helix
{CocMogena) appendicidalus of De Ferassac, of which
Ur. Pfeifter is doubtfd.
Species 466. (Mus. Cimiing.)
Bulimus Cretensis. Bid. testd cxjlindraceo-oUongd,
wpicem versus subaltenuatd, vix umbilieatd, anfractihiis
septem, ruguloso-striatis, columelld subplanatd, aperturd
quadrato-ovatd, labro subexpanso, marginibm crdio
tenuiculo conjunciisj rosaceo-luted, suturis albimar-
ginaiis, labro albo.
The Cretean Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
rather attenuated towards the apex, scarcely umbili-
cated, whorls seven in number, delicately roughly
striated, columella somewhat flattened, aperture
squarely ovate, lip rather expanded, margins joined by
a thin callosity ; pale pinkish-yellow, sutures edged
with white, lip white.
Pl'-EIFFER, Philippi, [\.bbild. undbesch. Bulimus, pi. .5. f. 8.
Hai. Island of Candia ; Capt. Spratt.
A very delicate seniitransparent shell, though of rather
solid growth.
Species 467. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bllimus acutus. But. testd pyramidali-couicd, ndnule
umbilieatd, anfraetibus novem, rotundatis, leviter cor-
rugafo-striatis, ad stduras nide crenulatis, columelld
tenui, rifiexd, aperturd circulari, labro simplici, acuta ;
paUide corned, macnlis strigkque opaco-lacteis mar-
moratd, anfractu ultimo zonula nigrd cingulato.
The acute Bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical, minutely
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, rounded, slightly
striated in a wrinkled manner, rudely crenulated at
the sutures, columella thin, reflected, apertiu-e circular,
lip simple, acute ; light horny, marbled with opake
cream-coloured streaks and blotches, last whorl en-
circled by a narrow black zone.
i5RUGUiERE, Enc. Meth. vol. i. p. 323.
Hdix acuta, MuUer,
Helix bifasciata, Pulteney.
Helix fasciata. Pennant.
Turbo turricula maroccatia, Chemnitz.
Hab. Spain, Portugal, West of England and Ireland.
The B. artieulatus of Lamarck is probably a variety.
Species 468. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus unicabinatus. Bui. testd cylindraceo-turritd,
minute mniilieatd, apice attenuato, anfractibus decern,
oblique subtilissime stiiatis, ultimo basi acute union-
rinato, aperturd parvd, circulari, labro subreflexo ;
oUvaceo-corned, strigis longitudinalibus mimerosis
opaco-alhis ornatd.
The one-keeled Bulimus. Shell cylindrically turreted
minutely umbilicated, apex attenuated, whorls ten in
number, obli([uely very finely striated, last whorl
encircled by a single shai-p keel at the base, aperture
small, circular, lip a little reflected; olive horny,
ornamented with numerous opake white longitudinal
streaks.
Pfeiffee, Monog. Helie. vol. ii. p. 80.
Pupa unicarinata, Lamarck.
Bulimus Canimarensis, Pfeiffer.
Hah. Cuba, Guadaloupe.
Belongs to the same peculiar type as B. Gossei.
Species 469. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus badiosa. Bui. testd ovato-conicd, compresse
umbilieatd, anfractibus sex, subtilisdme granulatis,
vltimo subventricoso, columelld rejlexd, appressd, aper-
turd rotundato-ovali, labro subexpanso, marginibus callo
.subtuberculoso conjunctis, cadaneo-brunned, labro albido.
The brown Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, compressly
umbilicated, whorls six in number, very finely gra-
nulated, last whorl rather ventricose, columella re-
flected, appressed, aperture rotundately oval, lip
slightly expanded, margins joined by a somewhat
tubercular callosity.
Webb and Berthelot, Syn. p. 318.
Helix {Cocldogena) badiosa, Fcrussac.
Hab. Island of St. Thomas, Ferussac; Tcneriffe, Welib and
Berthelot.
Chielly characterized by its delicate granulated sculpture.
Buhmm. ri.Lnn-
4
4
4
%
4
11-73
!(, B.JcRmif
rinn-eas«l oue-hvilf ,
BULIMUS,
Plate LXVII.
Species 470. (Mils. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS AcHATlNACEUS. Bid. testd doMjato-turritd,
solidiusculd, anfracUhus octo, creberrinie rude striads,
columella brevmhrie refiexd, apertiird parvd, labro
(icttto ; stramined, cered.
The Achati\a-like Bulimus. Shell elongately turreted,
rather solid, whorls eight iu number, very closely
rudely striated, columella very shortly reflected, aper-
ture small, lip acute ; straw-colour, waxen.
Pfeiffer, Symbols, vol. iii. p. 83.
Hab. Java.
Verj' closely allied to some of the small subulate species
of Achatina.
Species -t71. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus subtilis. Bid. testa ci/Undraceo-turritd, vijc
umbilicatd, aiifractibm noveni, oblique subobscure rude
striatis, columelld parum reflexd, aperiurd pared;
pellucido-corned, suturis albi-ynarginatis.
The delicate Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy turreted,
scarcely umbiHcated, whorls nine in number, ob-
liquely rather obscurely rudely striated, columella but
little reflected, aperture small ; transparent horny,
sutures edged with white.
EossMASLER, vol. vi. p. 47. f. 392.
BulimKS noctivagus, Parreyss.
Hab. Dalmatia.
The white edge of the sutures is only faintly indicated,
but it is a character not to be over-looked.
Species 473. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Sandwicensis. Bid. testa cyUmlraceo-turritd,
itmbUicatd, atifractibiis decern, sitbplanulatk, columelld
latiusculd, parum reflexd, aperturd parvd, labro acuto ;
rufo-brumied, strigis undulatis opaco-albis uotatd.
The Sandwich Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy tun-eted,
umbilicated, whorls ten iu number, somewhat flat-
tened, columella rather broad, but little reflected,
apertm'c small, lip sharp ; red-brown, marked witli
waved opake-white streaks.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 184G, p. -31.
Hah. Sandwich Islands.
Mav,
Of a bright dark red-brown colour, waved oblir|uely will
delicate opake-white streaks.
Species 473. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Merduenianus. Bui. testa oUoyigo-conicd,
umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, obscure striatis, columelld
latiusculd, parum reflexd, aperturd rottmdato-ovali,
hiaryiiiibusfere coiijunctis, sordide corned.
The Merduen Bulimus. Shell oblong conical,'umbi-
licated, whorls eight in number, obscurely striated,
columella rather broad, but little reflected, aperture
rotundately oval, margins almost joined ; dull horny.
Krynicki, Bull. Acad. Soi. Moscow, 1837, p. .53.
Bulimus tener, Ziegler.
Bulimus fragilis, Parreyss.
ffab. Merdwen ; Asia Minor.
Distinguished by its conical form.
Species 474. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Cosensis Bui. testd cylindraceo-oblongd, com-
presse umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, oblique subrude
striatis, columelld laid, concavo-appressd, aperturd
subquadrato-ovatd, labro paululum expanso ; caru-
lescente-alhd, opacd.
The Cos Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy oblong, compressly
umbUicated, whorls seven in number, obliquely
rather rudely striated, columeUa broad, concavely
appressed, aperture rather squarely ovate, lip a little
expanded ; bluish-white, opake.
Hab. Island of Cos, Grecian Archipelago ; Capt. Spratt.
The lip is slightly expanded within, after the manner of
Partida.
Species 475. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus moxtivagus. Bid. testd pyramidali, compresse
umbilicatd, anfractibus novem, obscure tenuistriatis,
columelld reflexd, aperturd parviusculd, labro subex-
pnnso ; pallide virescente-albd, pelliicidd, fuscesretite
/lie illic obscure sfrigatd.
The mountain Bulimus. Shell pyramidal, compressly
I umbUicated, whorls nine in number, obscurely finely
I striated, columeUa reflected, aperture rather small, lip
1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXVII.
somewhat expanded; pale greeoish-white, trans-
parent, obscurely streaked here and there with light
brown.
D'Orbigny, Moll. Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. p. 275. pi.
34.f. Ito 3.
Hnb. Parana, Argentine llepnbUc, (under dead leaves) ;
D'Orbigny.
Has sometimes the appearance of being marked with
white streaks.
Species 470. (Mus. Benson.)
Bdlimus pullus. Bui. testa, elongato-cylmdracea, soli-
diusculd, vix vmbilieatd, anfractibus novem, subtilissime
plicato-striatulis, infra sttturas arcuatim cremdatk,
aperturd parvd, circulari, columella labroque paululiim
expamis ; fuscescente-lacted.
The brownish Bulimus. Shell elongately cylmdrical,
rather solid, scarcely urabilieated, whorls nine in
number, very finely plicately striated, arcuately cre-
nulated beneath the sutures, aperture small, circular,
lip and columella a little expanded ; brownish cream-
colour.
Gray, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 66.
Pupa cylindrica, Ilutton.
Hah. India. At Dellii (under stones) ; at Bundelkund
(common among rocks and brushwood in the rainy
season) ; Benson.
Mr. Benson collected a light variety of this species at
Aden, Arabia, among loose stones on the skirts of the
barren hills.
smooth, aperture somewhat squarely oval, four-
toothed ; transparent horny, teeth and lip opake-white ,
sutures whitish.
PlliLlPPi, Zeitschr. fur Malac. 1844. p. 106.
Pupa Loeicii, Kuster.
Hab. Lycia ; Capt. Spratt.
This partakes much of the character of Pupa.
Species 477. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMCS LoEWii. Bui. testa cylindraceo-turritd, sinistra,
compresse umbilicatd, apice obtuse attenuato, anfractibus
novem, angustis, planulaiis, lavibus, aperturd subquad-
rato-ovali, quadridentatd ; pellucido-corned, dentibus
labroque opaco-albis, suturis aliidis.
Loewe's Bblimus. Shell cylindrically turreted, sinistral,
compressly umbilicated, apex obtusely attenuated,
whorls nine in number, narrow, rather flattened.
Species 478. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus arcuatus. But. testa oblonijd, siimtrd, suhven-
tricosd, compresse umiiUcatd, anfractibus septem, ru-
(jnloso-striatis, columella late appressd, labro subex-
panso ; saturate corneo-fuscd, strigis lutescentibus an-
(jnsth nitide pictd, labro albido.
The arched Bdlimus. Shell oblong, sinistral, some-
what ventricose, compressly umbilicated, whorls
seven in number, finely roughly striated, columeUa
broadly appressed, lip a little expanded ; dark horny
brown, neatly painted with narrow yellowish streaks,
lip whitish.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Helic. viv. vol. ii. p. 118.
Bulimus ormtus, Hutton, MSS.
Hab. Mahassoo, Western Himalaya ; Hutton.
1 learn on the authority of Mi-. Benson, that ornatus was
the name originally given to this species by Capt. Hutton
in manuscript, not arcuatus for which Dr. Pfeiifer mistook
it. The error proves, however, to be a fortunate one,
Hutton's name being already appropriated by Dufo.
Species 479. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus olivaceus. Bui. testa oblongd, compresse um-
bilicatd, anfractibus sex, oblique striatulis, columella
appressd, labro paululum reflexo ; comeo-olivaced,
sericind, labro alio.
The olive Bulimus. Shell oblong, compressly umbi-
bcated, whorls six in niunber, obliquely finely stri-
ated, columella appressed, lip a little reflected ; horny
olive, silken, lip white.
Pfeiffer, Abbild. uud Besch. Bulimus, PI. 5. f. 6.
Hab. Island of Candia ; Capt. Spratt.
Of very simjile I'orm, with little or no sculpture.
BuUmus, Fl.LIVm.
h
S
BULIMUS
Species 4SU. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS ORYZA, Bid. testa cylindraceo-turritd, minute
umbilicatd, mtfractibus octo, rotundatis, longitudinaliter
striatis, spirce stituris profimdis, columella sulreftexd,
aperturd minmd, suborbiculari, labro simpHci ; vires-
cente-albd, vitred.
The rice-grain Bdlimhs. Shell cylindi-ically turreted,
miuutely umbilicated, whorls eight in number, round-
ed, longitudinally striated, sutures of the spii-e deep,
columella slightly reflected, aperture very small,
nearly orbicular, lip simple ; greenish white, glassy.
Bruguieke, Encyc. Meth. vers, vol. i. p. 333.
Hab. Brazd.
The shell here figured agrees with the description of
this species given by Deshayes (Lamarck, Anim. sans
vert., vol. viii. p. 263), but not with Dr. Pfeiifer's diag-
nose, which describes a shell of cancellated sculpture,
composed of five whorls only.
Species 481. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus Tuckeri. Bui. testa subulato-turritd, mitmte
wnibiUcatd, anfractibus novem, convexiusciilis, longitu-
dinaUler striatis, spirce suturis impressis, columelld sub-
oblique recedente, tetmiter rejlexd, aperturd minutd,
labro simplici ; pallide corned, pellucidd.
Ti'cker's Bulimus. Shell subulately turreted, minutely
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, rather convex,
longitudinally striated, sutures of the spire impressed,
columella somewhat obliquely receding, finely re-
flected, aperture minute, Up simple ; pale horn,
transparent.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 30.
Hab. Hardy's Island,' Pacific Ocean; Tucker.
Chiefly distingmshed by its subidate form.
Species 482. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlJius bactekionides. Bui. testa elonyato-turriid,
cylindraced, adapicem obtusd, anfractibus octo ad novem,
subplano-coHvexis, lavilus, nitidis, suturis impressis,
columelld rectd, interdum leviter tnmcatd, aperturd
parvd ; lutescenie-corned, pellucidd.
The staff-like Bulimus. Shell elongatcly turreted,
cylindrical, obtuse at the apex, whorls eight to uine
ill number, rather flatly convex, smooth, shining,
sutures impressed, columeUa straight, sometimes
slightly truncated, apertm'c small ; yeUowish-hom,
transparent.
D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amer. Merid. Moll., p. 260.
pi. 29. f. J to 3.
Hab. Bolivia ; D'Orbigny.
As an example of the little importance of the trunca-
tm'e of the columella as a generic character in the small
AchatuuB, it may be remarked that in this species the
columella is sometimes truncated and sometimes not.
Species 4 S3, (ilus. Cuming.)
Bulimus impressus. Bid. testa subulatd, anfractibus octo,
plano-convexis, politis, nitidis, lineis impressis obscuris
diMantibus longitudinaliter notati^, columelld temdter
rejlexd, subobUque recedente, aperturd parvd, oblongd ;
pellucido-corned, solidiusculd.
The impressed Bulimus. Shell subulate, whorls eight
in number, flatly convex, polished, shining, longitu-
dinally marked with distant obscure impressed lines,
columella tliinly reflected, obliquely receding, aperture
small, oblong ; transparent horny, rather solid.
Hab. ■?
A rather stout polished horny shell, marked here and
there with faintly impressed lines, distinct froni B. sub/itu,
in which the whorls are more rounded.
Species 484. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Mimosarum. Bui. testd ci/Undraceo-turritd,
minute umbilicatd, apice acutd, anfractibus decern, an-
gustis, subrotuiidatis, lavigatis vel subtilissime oblique
striatis, columelld tenui, late rejlexd, appressd, aper-
turd parvd, labro simplici ; sordide alba.
The Mimosa-inhabiting Bulimus. Shell cyUndrically
turreted, minutely umbilicated, apex sharp, whorls
ten in number, naiTOW, somewhat rounded, smooth,
or finely striated, columella thin, broadly reflected,
appressed, apertm-e small, lip simple ; dull white.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Me'rid. Moll., p. 262. pi. 41.
f. 12-14.
Hab. Bolivia; D'Orbigny.
Found principally at the roots of thorny Mimosa trees.
May, 1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXVIII.
Species 485. (Mus. Cuming.)
BULIMUS SPOLIATUS. Btil. testa cylindraceo-elongatd,
miiiute umbiUcatd, mfraetibus octo, plmulatis, punciis
obscure hidentatis, columella sulexpanm, lira denti-
formi aperturam. intrante mperne munitd, aperturd
subobliqud, labro medio obsolete nnidentato ; fnscescente-
lacted,fusco supra siduras spiraliter punctata.
The spoiled Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elongated,
minutely umbilicated, whorls eight in number, flat-
tened, obscm-ely indented with punctures, columella
rather expanded, furnished above with a tooth-like
ridge entering the apertui-e, aperture rather oblique,
lip with an obsolete tooth about the middle ; brown-
ish cream-colour, spirally dotted above the sutures
with brown.
Parreyss, Pfeiffer, Symbolse, vol.iii. p. 87.
Hab. Greece.
Dr. Pfeiffer quotes the Pw/xz/'wi/omw of Deshayes as
a synonyme of this species, but it does not agree with the
description.
Species 486. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus subuliformis. Bui. testa acuminato-elongatd,
gracili, apice subpapillari, anfractibus ad quatuordecim,
plamlatis, obliqul siibtilissime striatis, politis, nitidis,
anfractu ultimo ad basin angulato, columella tenui,
aperturd minimd; lutescente-corned, peUucidd.
The awl-shaped Bulimus. Shell acuminately elongated,
slender, apex somewhat papillary, whorls about four-
teen in number, flattened, obliquely very finely stri-
ated, poUshed, shining, last whorl angulated at the
base, columella thin, aperture veiy small ; yellowish-
horny, transparent.
Helix subuliformis, Moricand, Mem. Geneve, vol.vii. pt.2.
p. 437. pi. 3. f. 3.
Hab. Bahia, Brazil.
A delicate, bright yellow, horny species, distinguished
by its prolonged spire of flattened whorls.
Species 487. (Mus. Cuming.)
lU'LiMUS pellucidus. Bul. testa turritd, minute umhi-
licatd, tenuissimd, anfractibus septem, rotundatis, lon-
gitudinaliter crebristriatis, columelld tenui, rejlexd,
aperturd parvd, labro simplici ; mrescente-corned, pel-
lucidd.
The transparent Bulimus. Shell turreted, minutely
umbilicated, very thin, whorls seven in number,
rounded, longitudinally closely striated, columella
thin, reflected, aperture small, lip simjile ; greenish-
horny, transparent.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847.
Hab. Province of Merida, New Granada ; Funck.
An exceedingly delicate shell, having the appearance of
light green glass.
Species 488. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus deceptus. Bul. testd subfusiformi-conicd, an-
fractibus .septem, lavibus, nitidis, e suturis obscure
concentrice striatis, columelld tortuosd, recedente, ad
marginem callosd, aperturd oblongd, lahro simplici;
virescente-vitred, pellucidd.
The mistaken Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusilbrmly
conical, whorls seven in number, smooth, shining,
obscurely concentrically striated from the sutures,
columella tortuous, receding, callous at the edge,
aperture oblong, lip simple ; greenish-glassy, trans-
parent.
Bulimus interstinctus, Pfeift'er (not of Gould) Monog.
Helic. p. 169.
Hab. ?
Dr. Pfeiffer's description of this species is inadvertently
referred to at PI. LV. Sp. 367, owing to his having taken
it to be the B. interstinctus of Goidd ; arising probably
from the displacement of a label in Mr. Cuming's cabinet.
Dr. Pfeift'er does not appear to have seen Dr. Goidd's des-
cription of that species, and I have been equally unsuc-
cessfid myself in finding it.
The shell described and figured at PI. LV. Sp. 367, was
received from Dr. Gould by JIi-. Cuming with the name
B. interstinctus attached to it, and he has also received
specimens from Mr. Redfield of the United States similarly
named.
Species 489. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Bergeri. Bul. testd cylindraceo-turritd, mi-
nute umbilicatd, anfractibtis novem, planiconvexis, ob-
lique striatis, columelld latiusculd, aperturd parvd,
tridentatd; fuscescente-corned, dentihus alhidis.
Beroer's Bulimus. Shell cylindrically turreted, mi-
nutely umbilicated, whorls nine in number, flatly
convex, obliquely striated, columella rather broad,
aperture small, three-toothed; brownish horn-colour,
teeth white.
Pfeiffer, Symbol;e, vol. iii. p. 53.
Pupa Bergeri, Uoth.
Pupa tridentata, Anton.
Pupa tricuspis, Rossmasler.
Bulimtis tridentatus, Parreyss.
Hab. Greece, Egypt, &c.
I follow Dr. Pfeiffer in referring this species to Bulimus,
but it seems really a matter of indifference whether it is
included in this genus or in Pupa.
Tlalimu.s B LIU.
1
4
BULIMUS
Species 490. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMtJS HOLOSTOM.i. Bill, testd tnrritd, profunde mtibi-
licatd, aiifractibus septem, suiguadratis, corrugato-pli-
cutis, peculiariter laxe convolutis, suturis proftmdis,
aperhird integrd, tubulari ; carneo-cinered.
The ektire-motjth Bdlimus. Shell turreted, deeply uin-
bilicated, whorls seven in number, somewhat square,
plicated in a wrinkled manner, peculiarly loosely
convoluted, sutures deep, aperture entire, tubular ;
fleshy ash-colom-.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846. p. 38.
Hab. Cobija, Bolivia.
An extremely interesting species in which the shell,
forming a loosely convoluted spiral tube, has no axial pillar.
Species 491. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUs RUPESTRIS. Bul. testd turritd, minute untbUi-
catd, aiifractibus quinque ad sex, rotundatis, oblique
costidato-stiiatis, apertiird orali, fere integrd ; fiisco-
corned.
The rocky Bulimus. Shell turreted, minutely umbili-
cated, whorls five to six in number, rounded,
obliquely sculptured with fine rib-like striae, aperture
oval, almost entire; brownish-horny.
Philippi, Enmn. Moll. Sicd. p. 141. pi. 8. f. 18.
Pupa rupestris, llossmasler.
Hab. Sicily ; Philippi. Algeria ; Terver.
A delicate Scalar ia-Yike species in which the aperture is
almost entire.
Species 492. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus c(Enopictus. Bul. testd oblongd, eompresse
umbilicatd, aiifractibus quinque, subrotundatis, lavibus,
columelld vix reflexd, aperturdparvd ; pellucido-corued.
The dirty-painted Bulimus. Shell oblong, com-
pressly umbilicated, whorls five in number, somewhat
rounded, smooth, columella scarcely reflected, aperture
small ; transparent horny.
Pupa cceiiojHcta, Hutton, Jouni. Asiatic Soc, vol. iii. p. 85.
Hab. India.
Dr. Pfeiffer remarks that this may be a variety ol'
B.folliculus, but that is unlikely.
Species 493. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus subdi.\phanus. Bul. testd cylindraceo-turritd,
vix umbilicatd, aiifractibus septetii, convexis, subtilis-
sime oblique striatis, colunielld subreflexd, appressd,
aperturd m,inimd, latiusculd; eburned, subdiapliand,
soUditiscidd.
The semitransparent Bulimus. Shell cylindrically
turreted, scarcelyumbilicated, whorls seven in number,
convex, very finely obliquely striated, columella
slightly reflected, appressed, aperture very small,
rather broad; ivory-white, semitransparent, rather
solid.
Pfeiffer, Syrabolae, vol. ii. p. 122.
Pupa subdiaphaaa .
Bulimus BaiiiboncJia, Webl) and Berthelot.
Hab. Cape De Verd Islands.
A long Pw/a-shaped semitransparent ivory-white shell.
Species 494. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiJius SUBULA. Bill, testd subidato-turritd, ^pira
suturis impressis, aiifractibus octo, loiigitudinaliter
striatis, colunielld redd, brevissime rejlexd, aperturd
suhoblongd, labro siniplici ; pellucido-corned, tenuissiind.
The AWL Bulimus. Shell subulately tmTcted, sutures
of the spire impressed, whorls eight in number, lon-
gitudinally striated, columella straight, very shortly
reflected, aperture rather oblong, lip simple ; trans-
parent horny, very thin.
Pfeiffer, Symbote, vol. i. p. 85.
Bulimus octuiioides, D'Orbigny.
Bulimus procerus, Adams.
Hab. Cuba.
A perfectly transparent shell, of a more acuminate-d
subulate growth than the B. octoiia, for which it might
be mistaken.
Species 495. (Mus. Bensou.)
Bulimus gracilis. But. testd gracili-subulatd, vix tim,-
bilicatd, suturis impressis, anfractibus decern ad umle-
cim, creberrime tenuissime concentrice striatis, coliimelld
teiitd, bri'viter rejlexd, aperturd supenie leviter con-
tractu, liibro siniplici ; sordidi fuscescente-corned.
The slender Bulimus. Shell slenderly subulate.
May, 1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXIX.
scarcely umbilicated, sutures impressed, whorls ten
to eleven in number, very closely and finely concen-
trically striated, columella thin, shortly reflected,
aperture slightly contracted at the upper part, lip
simple ; dull brovpnish horn colour.
HuTTON, Journ. Asiatic Soc., 1834. vol. iii. p. 84.
An eadem, Bulimus Indicus, Pfeiiler.
Hub. Bundelkhuud, and all the plain Provinces of the
Bengal Presidency; Benson. Point de Galle, Ceylon ;
Benson.
Dr. Pfeifler's B. Indicus appears to be merely an imma-
ture state of this species.
Species 496. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus nivicola. Bui. testa cylindraceo-omtd, ubesd,
veniricosd, sinistrd, compresse ■umbUicatd, anfraetibus
septem, convexis, oblique striatis, ad suturas subobscure
crenulatis, cohmelld latmculd, appressd, aperturd
parvd, labro leviter expanso ; rufo-fuscd, strigis albis
obliquis Idc illic irregwlariter interruptis notatd, epi-
dermide tenui lutescente imiutd.
The snow-inhabiting Bulimus. Shell cyliudricaUy
ovate, stout, ventrieose, sinistral, compressly umbi-
licated, whorls seven in number, convex, obUquely
striated, somewhat obscurely crenulated at the sutures,
columella rather broad, appressed, apertm-e small, lip
slightly expanded ; red-brown, marked here and there
with irregularly interrupted oblique white streaks,
covered with a thin yellowish epidermis.
Benson, MSS.
Pupa si/lvatica, Hutton (fide Benson.)
Hab. Liti Pass, Western Himalaya (among juniper bushes
and patches of snow at nearly 14,000 feet above the
level of the sea) ; Capt. Hutton.
Mr. Benson is of opinion that this species, distinguished
by its stout cylindrical form and reversed growth, which
has been upwards of twelve years in his collection, is
the Pi(pa sylvatica of Hutton, described in M'CleUand's
Journal for January, 1841, as being found among juniper
bushes at Buj-renda Pass, and of which the name is pre-
occupied in the present genus to which this species strictly
belongs. It is remarkable for its stout cylindrical form
and reversed growth ; it should, however, be remembered
when referi-ing to the plate, that the figure is very con-
siderably magnified.
Species 497. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tukricula. Bui. testd cyluidraceo-turriid,
mimde umbUicatd, prope apicem peculiariter attenuatd,
anfraetibus novem., rotundatis, perobliqve creberritm
costulato-striatis, columella late appressd, aperturd fere
cireulari ; fuscescente, strigis arcuatis albis fusco-um-
bratis hie illic marmoratd.
The little turret Bulimus. Shell cyUndrically tur-
reted, minutely mnbiUcated, peculiarly attenuated
near the apex, whorls nine in number, rounded, very
obliquely closely striated in a fine rib-like manner,
columella broadly appressed, aperture nearly eircidar ;
light brown, marbled here and there with arched
brown-shaded white streaks.
Pfeiefer, Wiegman, Ai-chiv., 1839. vol. i. p. 351.
Hab. Cuba.
An interesting little species aUied in form to the
B. Gossei.
Fig. 498. (Mus. Cuming.)
This Uttle triangular shell, of which the figiu'e is very
highly magnified, proves to be the extreme young of
B. Calebs {B.soUtarius, Hutton) PI. XLVII. Sp. 301, from
Western Himalaya.
For Sp. 498. see PI. LXX.
Species 499. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus ventrosus. Bui. testd subpyramidali-conicd,
minute et profundi umbUicatd, anfraetibus septem, pla-
nulato-convexis, peculiariter obscure plicato-corrugatk,
cohmelld reflexd, aperturd fere cireulari, labro -mn-
plici ; albidd, basi nigricante unifasciatd.
The ventricose Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyi-amidally
conical, minutely and deeply umbilicated, whorls
seven in number, rather flatly convex, peculiarly
obscurely plicately wrinkled, colimiena reflected,
apertm-e nearly circular, lip simple ; whitish, encircled
with a narrow black band at the base.
Helix ventrosa, Ferussac, Prodrome, 377.
Bii/iuiiii) ventricosus, Draparnaud.
Bidimus variabilis, Hartman.
Helix acuta, Webb and Berthelot.
The narrow black band which encircles the base of this
shell is not an unimportant character.
£uffmu.s\ n.LXI.
I
4
^
K„B.fcS,.imf
B U L I I\l U S .
Plate LXX.
Species 498. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
BuLiJius TRUNCATUS. Bill, teda attemwto-pyrariiuhli ,
basi angulatd, ad apicem decollatd, anfractibus octo, au-
gudis, convexis, oblique coticenirice creberrime elevato-
striatis, columella recta, tenuiler expamd, aperturd siib-
quadratd, lahro tetiui ; virescente-corned.
The truncate Bulimus. Shell attenuately pyramidal,
angled at the base, decollated at the apex, whorls
eight in number, narrow, convex, obliquely concen-
trically very closely elevately striated, columella
straight, thinly expanded, aperture somewhat square,
lip thin ; greenish horny.
Pfeiffer, Symbote, vol. i. p. 4.3.
Hab. Mexico.
This remarkable species, for the loan of which I am
indebted to Dr. Pfeiffer, does not appear to have reached
maturity. It is not known to English collectors.
Species 500. (PL Achatbm, XVI. Fig. 77,
Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus clava. Bui. testd subulatd, apice papillari,
liaud umbilicatd, anfractibtm decern, lavibus, politis, kic
illic longitudinaliter impresso-striatis, suturis margi-
natis, columelld teiiui, pai-tim reflexd, aperturd parvi-
usculd, labro simplici ; pellucido-corned.
The club Bulimus. Shell subulate, papillary at the
apex, not umbUieated, whorls ten in number, smooth,
polished, here and there longitudinally impressly
striated, sutures margined, columella thin, but Kttle
reflected, aperture rather small, lip simple; trans-
pareut horny.
Hab. ?
The columella of this species is extremely thinly re-
flected, and the outer lip is rather inclined to be siuuatcd
at the upper part.
Species 501. (PL Achathm, XYII. Fig. 81.
Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus CEREUS. Bid. testd subulatd, iwibilicatd, tenui.
anfractibas decern, conve.vis, arcuatim coiicentrice stri-
atis, columelld reflexd, apei'tm-d parvd, labro simplici ,
pellucido-stramiued.
The waxen Bulimus. Shell subulate, umbilicated, thin
whorls ten in number, convex, arcuately concen-
trically striated, columella reflected, aperture small,
lip simple ; transparent straw-colour.
Hab. Moradabad, India.
I venture to distinguish this from the B. gracilis, from
which, in comparison with authentic specimens collected
by Ml'. Benson, it varies in form, the whorls being of a
more bubble-Uke inflated growth.
Species 502. {V\. Acliatiiia, XVIII, Fig. 95.
Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus columella. Bui. testd su/jiilntd, hand umbili-
catd, apice papillari, aiifractibus umlecim ad duodecim,
miiiutissii.ii ohUi[iw slriatis, ad sitturas subtiliter cre-
nulatis, columella vi.v reflexd, aperturd parvd, labro
simplici ; pellucido-corned, nitente.
The little column Bulimus. Shell subulate, not um-
bilicated, papillary at the apex, whorls eleven to
twelve in number, very minutely obliquely striated,
finely crenulated at the sutures, columella but little
reflected, aperture sinaU, lip simple ; transparent
horny, shiuing.
Philippi, Abbdd. und Besch. Bui. pi. 2. f. 7.
Hab. Brazil.
This approaches very closely to the B. sylmticus. It
is a transparent turreted shell, very finely striated and
delicately puckered at the sutm-es.
Species 503. (PL Acliatina, XX. Fig. 113. Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Jamaicensis. Bui. testd subulatd, augustd,
hand umbilicatd, anfractibus octo,planicouvexis, kic illic
impresso-striaiis, columelld teuuiter rejlcvd, aperturd
idiiiutd, lahro simplici; pellucido-corned.
The Jamaica Bulimus. Shell subulate, narrow, not
umbilicated, whorls eight in number, flatly convex,
here and there impressly striated, columella thinly
reflected, apertm-e very small, lip simple ; transparent
horny.
Hub. .Jamaica.
An extremely bright transparent shell in which the
cohimeUar axis of the whorls is visible throughout.
BULTMUS.— Plate LXX.
Species 504. (Mus. PfciiFer.)
BuLlMUS OBESATUS. Bid. testa cylhidraceo-oMoiigd, mb-
obesd, coii/presse mnhilicatd, anfractihii septem, oblique
corrugato-striatis, columella labroque stibinerassatis,
late expatvsis, aperturd suborbiculari ; albidd, epider-
mide oUoaceo-corned, niteiite, indutd.
The stout Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oljloug, rather
stout, compressly umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, obliquely corrugatcly striated, lip and colu-
mella somewhat thickened, broadly expanded, aperture
nearly orbicular ; whitish, covered with a shining
olive-horny epidermis.
Webb and Berthelot, Syn. p. 318.
Helix obesata, Fe'russae.
Hab. Canary Islands.
Of a cylindrical Pupiform shape like the Syrian and
Lycian species, but covered with a dark shining oHve
I'pidermis.
505. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
BuLlMDS BiETlCATUS. £ul. testd ovato-coiiicd, tenuiculd,
compresse tanbiUcatd, anfractihts septem, convexis,
pemdiariter eorrugato-granulatis, aperturd suborbicu-
lari, colmndld labroque expanm ; sordide castnued.
The tawny Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, rather thin,
compressly umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
convex, peculiarly corrugatcly gi-amdated, aperture
nearly orlncular, lip and columella expanded; didl
chestnut.
Webb and Bektuelot, Syn. p. 318.
Heliv (Cocldogeiia) baticnta, Perussac.
Btdlmus corneus, Menke.
Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies ; Ferussac.
Canary Islands; Webb.
Curiou.sly granulated throughout, whilst the apex rises
with a papillary appearance.
Species 506. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus Ziebmanni. BhI. tedd fusiformi-oblongd, com-
presse timbilicald, anfractibus septem, lavibus, colu-
mella rejkxd, aperturd parviusculd, labro effuso, vix
reJk'.vo; albd, fasciis caruleo-nigricaiitibus brevibns,
multo hderruplis, cingulatd.
Ziebman's Bulimus. Shell fusiformly oblong, compressly
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, smooth, colu-
mella reflected, aperture rather small, lip effused,
scarcely reflected ; white, euciixlcd with short blue-
blaek bauds, much interrupted.
Pfeiffer, MSS.
Dr. Pfeiffer has favoured me with this shell for publi-
eatiou, and I am not aware that he has described it.
Species 507. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus Piiysoidf-s. Bui. testa veutricoso-ovatd, tenui,
inflatd, vix umbilicatd, anfractihus qidnque, longitu-
dinaliter rugoso-striatis, ad suturas plicato-crenulatis,
cohmelld rejlexd, labro simplici; Jlavicante, albiva-
rieijutd.
The Physa-like Bulimus. Shell ventricosely ovate,
thin, inflated, scarcely umbilicated, whorls five in
number, longitudinally roughly striated, pUcately
crenulated at the sutures, columella reflected, lip
simple ; yellowish, mottled with white.
Mexke, MSs!
Hah. ?
Received from Dr. Pfeiffer with the above name. I fear
it is an immature shell.
Species 508. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus IIegewisciii. Bui. testd sidjacuminato-ovatd,
teuniculd, vix umbilicatd, anfractihts quinque ad sex,
irregulariter impresso-striatis, colmnelld rejlexd, labro
sii/iptici ; carneo-albicante, fusco Mc illic sparsim stri-
gatd, intus pallide aurantid.
Hegewisch's Bulimus. Shell somewhat acuminately
ovate, rather thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls five
to six in number, irregularly impressly striated,
columella reflected, lip simple ; flesh-white, sparingly
streaked here and there with brown, pale orange
within.
Pfeiffer, MSS.
Hah. ?
For this species I am also indebted to Dr. Pfcifler.
Species 509. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus zoographicus. Bui. testd sidifusiformi-oblongd,
tenui, vix ti>,i.bilicatd, anfractibus sex, obsolete striatis
et indeutatis, columella rejlexd, aperturd subeffusd, labro
simplici; sordide albd, cinereo-iiigricante maculatd et
variegatd.
The zoographic Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly
oblong, thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls sLx in
number, obsoletely striated and indented, columella
reflected, aperture somewhat eft'used, lip simple ; didl
white, blotched and variegated with ashy black.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXX,
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans rAmcr, Mi'rid. Moll. p. 313.
pi. 40. f. 6 to 8.
Hah. Eastern Cordilleras of BoUvia (in a ravine between
the Provinces of Moxos and Cocliabamba) ; U'Orbigny .
This appears to be a speeies of extremely rare occur-
rence. The specimen here represented from Dr. Pfeiffcr's
cabinet is one of those coUeeted by D'Orbiguy.
Species 510. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
BuLiMUs Lymnoides. Bui. testa suhfusiformi-ovatd,
soUJiusculd, vix nmhtUcata, anfractibus sex, subtUissime
rngoso-striatk, colnmelld reflexd, aperturd mbeffusd ;
olivaceo-ft(scd, nitente, sufitm albimarginatis.
The lymnea-like Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly
ovate, rather solid, scarcely umbihcated, whorls six in
number, veiy finely rougbly striated, columella re-
fiectcd, aperture sUghtly effused; olive-brown,
shining, sutures edged with white.
LAMAKCKjAnim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.)vol. viii.p. 200.
Hub. Guadaloupe, St. Vincent.
Externally, this shell has a very delicate satiny
appearance.
Species 511. (]\Ius. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus tukeitella. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, ieuni,
leviter ventricosd, umhUieatd, anfractibus sex, rvgoso-
sfriaf/s, colnmelld late reflexd, lahro shnplicl ; pel-
luchlo-albd, lii/eis opaco-albis profuse lougitudinuliier
notatd.
The little tower Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, thin,
slightly ventrieoso, imibilicated, whorls six in number,
rouglily striated, columella broadly reflected, lip
simple ; transparent wliite, profusely longitudinally
marked with opake white lines.
B'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amer. Mt'rid. Moll. p. 274. pi. 33.
f. 13 to 14.
Hub. Province of Chiquitos, Bolivia (in a small plain near
the ancient Mission of St. Juan) ; D'Orbiguy.
This species is also illustrated from one of M. D'Orbiguy 's
specimens in the collection of Dr. Pfeiffer.
Species 512. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
BuLiJius inflatus. Bui. testa subgloboso-ovatd, soli-
diusculd, umbilkatd, anfractibus quitigue, rotundalis,
rtigoso-striatis, columella subarcuatd, late reflexd,
aperturd ovali, labro simplici ; sordide alhd.
TuE INFLATED BuLiMUS. Shell somewhat globosely
ovate, rather solid, umbUicated, whorls five in number,
rounded, roughly striated, columella sUghtly arched,
broadly reflected, aperture oval, bp simple ; dead-
white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. viii.
p. 330.
Helix {CocMogena) costulata, Perussac.
Bulimus costulatus, Potiez and Miehaud.
Hah. New Holland ; Lamarck.
I follow Dr. Pfeiffer in adopting Lamarck's name for
this speeies, in consequence of De Ferussac's being inap-
propriate.
Bulimm-.Tl LIU.
B U L I M U S .
Species 513. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMCS sciTULUs. Bill, testd suhfmiformi-oblongd, vix
umbilicafd, anfradihus odo, leoiter convexis, Itevibm,
cohcmelld panmi refiexd, apertrtrd siihangudd, lahro
smplici ; albidd, purpureo-caruleo tindd, basin versus
ferrut/ineo-rnfd, lineis sitbtilibus albis, irregulariter
itndulatis, creberrime lonffitudinaliier notatd.
The triji BuLUins. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in number, slightly
convex, smooth, coliunella but little reflected, apertui-e
rather narrow, lip simple; whitish, stained with
purple-blue, mst-red towards the base, very closely
longitudinaUy marked with fine, irregularly waved,
white lines.
Ilab. Chachapoyas, iVlto-Pcru.
Neatly marked with fine white waved lines upon a
purple-blue ground, tinged towards the base with a bright
rust-red.
Species 51-i. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Cdzcoensis. Bui. testd acuminato-oblongd, sub-
cyliiulraced, subcompresse umbillcatd, anfradibus odo,
leviter convexis, sub lente striatis et corrugato-inden-
tatis, columella reflexd, aperturd parviusculd, laJbro
siniplici ; fulcescente-spadiced.
The Cuzco Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, some-
what cylindrical, rather compressly umbilicated,
whorls eight in number, slightly convex, beneath the
lens striated and indented in a wrinkled manner, colu-
mella reflected, aperture rather small, lip simple ;
light fulvous bay.
Kab. Cuzco, Bolivia ; W. Lobb.
Of a delicate nankeen coloiu- throughout.
Species 513. (Mus. Cuming.)
BvLiMi's PK.ETEXTUs. Bul.testd acjmiinato-oblongd, sub-
cylindraced, subumpliter umbilicatd, anfradibus odo,
leviter convexis, luevibus vel obscure indeniatis, colu-
mella latissime reflexd, aperturd parviusculd, labro
simplici, paulnlum reflexo ; lacted, cceruleo nebulatd,
macuUs rotundutis albidis promiscne floccatd, lineis
minutis albidis undtdalis loHgitudiualiter creberrimi
notatd, apicefuscescente.
The laced Bulimus. Shell acimiiuately oblong, some-
what cylindrical, rather largely lunbilicated, whorls
eight in number, slightly convex, smooth or obscm-ely
indented, columella very broadly reflected, apertiu-e
rather small, lip simple, a little reflected ; cream-
coloiu", clouded with blue, promiscuously flaked witli
round whitish spots, and very closely longitudinally
marked with minute waved whitish lines, apes tinged
with light rusty-brown.
Ilab. Andes of Caxamarca, Peru : W. Lobb.
A delicate blue-clouded shell, sprinkled with a few white
lines, which are irregularly waved and sometimes ramified
like veins.
Species 207. (PI. LXXI. Fig. 207, b, and PI. LXXII.
Fig. 207, c. Mus. Cumiug.)
Bulimus labeo. It is with much gratification that I
am enabled to give an original figure of the Bulimus
labeo, illustrated at PI. XXXV, from a figure in the Zoo-
logical Jom-nal. This shell, from the Cumingian collec-
tion, which I take to be identical with the lost specimen,
is of a lighter oUve colour, but has a similar narrow
dark band beneath the sutm-es, the columella is similarly
plicately twisted, the lip is less tliickened but of the same
rich purple-black enamel, destitute, however, of the opake
bubble-like dots, which are of seldom specific importance.
It was collected by Mr. Lobb at Limabamba, Peru ; a
district seldom visited by travellers, and the same in whicli
Lieut. Mawe obtained the original specimen.
Species 516. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Lobbii. Bui. testd subcylindraceo-oblongd,
compresse umbilicatd, aperturani versus subobUqne tu-
midd, aiifractibus odo, leviter convexis, 'Icsvibus vel ob-
scure indeniatis, columella late expansd, aperturd
oblique effusd, lahro reflexo ; albd, vittis longitudinali-
bus fuscesrentiius et purjiureo-caslarms irregulariter
conspicuHpidd, pone labruni. et apertarafaucepurpureo-
nigricante.
Lobb's Bulimus. Shell somewhat cylinch-ically oblong,
compressly umbilicated, rather obliquely swollen
towards the apertm-e, whorls eight in number,
slightly convex, smooth or obscurely indented, colu-
mella broadly expanded, ai)ertiu-e obliquely etfused.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXI.
lip reflected ; white, conspicuously irregularly painted
with longitudinal light-brown and purple-chestnut
ribands, interior of the apertm-e and behind the lip
purple-black.
Hah. Banks of the Maranon near Balsas, Peru (on
branches of a species of JatrojihaJ ; W. Lobb.
This fine species is of a delicate cream-white, striped
longitudinally by distinct ribands of light brown and dark
purple chestnut, without any of iutermediate tint. Im-
mediately behind the lip there is more of the dark purple-
chestnut, approaching to black, and the interior of the
aperture is colom-ed with the same, having a somewhat
metallic hue.
I have the pleasure to name it in honour of Mr. Lobb,
botanical collector of Messrs. Veitch & Son, the eminent
nurserymen of Exeter, to whose zeal in the pursuit of na-
tural history, the species of this, and the two following
plates, bear honourable testimony. *
Species 517. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus puepuratus. Bui. testa mbacriminato-ovata,
compresse imibilicatd, anfractihus sex, convexis, longitu-
dinaliter rugoso-corrugatis, ad suturas plicato-crenatk,
anfractti, ultimo ventricosimoulo, columella reflexa, lahro
smiplici ; purpureo-fmcd, lineis aliidis Jdc illic hngilu-
dinaliter interruptd, basiet apertura fauce albidd.
The purple-stained Bulimus. Shell somewhat acu-
minately ovate, compressly umbilicated, whorls six in
number, convex, longituduiaUy rugosely wrinkled,
plicately erenated at the sutures, last whorl rather
ventricose, columella reflected, lip simple; purple-
brown, longitudinally interrupted here and there
with whitish lines, white at the base and within the
aperture.
Hah. Andes of Casamarca, Peru ; Mr. W. Lobb.
A rather stout rough shell, stained with dark purple-
brown.
£ulwius.B.UXIl.
4
^
1
G-.B.S. ifiletTith..
E..B. fell. imp.
B U L I M U S .
Species 518. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs RHODOLARYNX. Bul. testd actiminato-ovatd,
iasiii versus oblique ventricosd, ampliter umbilicatd, an-
fractibiis septem ad octo, subrohoidatis, lavibus, sub
lente striis obliquis elevaiiuseidis et spiralilms inclsis
minute decussatis, aperturd suborbiculari, columella
lahroque late rejlexis ; roseo-albicaiile, intus purpureo-
The red-throat Bulimus. Shell acumiiiately ovate,
obliquely ventricose towards the base, largely umbi-
licated, whorls seven to eight in number, somewhat
rounded, smooth, minutely decussated, beneath the
lens, with slightly raised oblique striae and engi'aved
spiral ones, aperture nearly orbicular, lip and colu-
mella broadly reflected ; rose-white, interior purple-
rose.
Hab. Banks of the Aparimao, Alto-Peru ; W. Lobb.
Distinguished by its very delicate purple-rose interior,
the colour of which is seen through the substance of the
shell.
Species .519. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMDS DECDSSATUS. Bul. testd acuminato-oblonga,
basi rotundatd, subcylindraced, compresse itmbilieatd,
anfractibus octo, leviter couvexis, longitudinaliter cor-
rugato-striatis, ad suturas subcremdatis, columelld late
reflexd, labro tenui, sitiiplici ; pallide stramined, strigis
brevibus rufo-fuscis, longitudinalibus et obliquis, fascia-
tim decussatis, pecidiariter notatd.
The DECUSSATED Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
rounded at the base, somewhat cylindrical, compressly
umbOicated, whorls eight in number, sUghtly convex,
longitudinally striated in a m-inkled manner, sUghtly
wrinkled at the sutures, columella broadly reflected,
lip thin, simple; light straw-colour, pecuUarly
marked with short red-brown longitudinal and ob-
lique streaks crossing over each other in bauds.
Hab. Andes of Caxamarca, Peru ; W. Lobb.
Singularly characterized by the bands of short brown
streaks, ranging obbquely in the direction opposed to the
lines of growth.
Species 520. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus myristicus. Bul. testd acnminato-oblongd, basi
suboblique rotundatd, compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus
octo ad Hovem, plamdato-convexis, longitudinaliter
striatis, infra suturas subcremdatis, columelld late
reflexd, labro simplici ; albidd, vittis irregularibus cas-
taneis et fuscescentibus confertim longitudinaliter picid.
The nutmeg Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, some-
what obliquely rounded at the base, compressly um-
bilieated, whorls eight to nine in number, rather
flatly convex, longitudinally striated, slightly crenu-
lated beneath the sutures, columella broadly reflected,
lip simple; whitish, closely longitudmaUy painted
with irregular chestnut and pale brown ribands.
ITab. Andes of Caxamarca, Peru ; W. Lobb.
This differs but little from the preceding species in form
and detail of sculpture ; yet there is a marked distinction
in the style of painting.
Species 531. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Alto-Peruvianus. Bul. testa acuminato-ovatd,
tenuiculd, ampliter compresse umbilicatd, aperturam
verms oblique ventricosd, inflatd, anfractibus septem,
convexis, apicem versus creberrime elevato-striatis,
striis spiralibus incisis sub lente minute decussatis,
columelld late verticaliter reflexd, aperturd oblique
suborbiculari, labro effuso, non reflexo ; fulvescente-
lacted, apicem versus carulescente, lineis castaneis
subdislantibus irregulariter longitudinaliter notatd,
viaculis brevibus contrarie obliquis bifasciativi pictd,
macidarum serie iinicd infra suturas.
The Alto-Peruvian Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate
rather thin, largely compressly umbilicated, obliquely
ventricose towards the aperture, inflated, whorls
seven in number, convex, very closely elevately
striated towards the apex, minutely decussated,
beneath the lens, with engraved spiral striae, columella
broadly vertically reflected, aperture obliquely sub-
orbicular, bp effused, not reflected ; fulvous cream-
colour, bluish towards the apex, irregularly longi-
tudinally marked with rather distant chestnut lines,
and painted with two bands of spots arranged
contrarily obliquely, with a single row of spots also
beneath the sutures.
Jidy, ] 849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXII.
Eab. Chachapoyas, Alto-Peru ; W. Lobb.
The painting of this delicate and boldly convoluted
shell is characterized by two bands of short oblong
chestnut spots or dashes, ranging obliquely in a dii-ection
contrary to that of the painted lines, as in B. Sowerhyi.
Species 522. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus ALUTACEUS. Bul. testd oblonffo-ovatd, umbiUcatd,
mifractibus septem, eonvexis, creberrime cornigato-stri-
atis, aperlurd ovali, columelld rejiexd, labro vix refiexo ;
hitense ustidato-castaned, zonuld unicd albd medio cin-
gulatd, labro albo.
The leathery Bulimus. Shell oblong ovate, umbili-
cated, whorls seven in number, convex, very closely
corrugately striated, aperture oval, columella reflected.
Lip but slightly reiiected ; very dark burnt chestnut,
encircled round the middle with a single white zone,
lip white.
Hab. Cuzco, Bolivia ; W. Lobb.
The entire surface of this shell is scidptured longitu-
dinally with very closely packed crinkled striae.
Bid7mi(,y TlLnm
4
%
S.cUl etliftu
B U L I ]\I U S
Plate LXXIII.
Species 523. (JEus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Clausilioides. Biil. testa elongato-turritd,
subcT/Undraced, sinistrali, compresse imibilicatd, cut-
fractibus novem, mperiie obscure costatis, lonyitudina-
liter creberrimi et mimdmhm ?-UffOSo-striatis, columelM
verticaliier rejiexd, apertnrd sttbquadmtd, labro temd,
simpUci ; colore imirino.
The Clausilia-like Bulimus. Shell elongately turre-
ted, soraewliat cylindi-ical, sinistral, compressly iim-
bHicated, whorls nine in number, obscurely ribbed
round the upper part, longitudinally very closely and
very minutely roughly striated, columella vertically
reflected, aperture somewhat square, lip simple ;
mouse-colour.
Hab. Andes of Casamarca, Peru ; W. I.oblj.
Very like a Claimlia in form, and of a silken aspect,
arising out of the very close and minute developcmeut of
longitudinal striEe.
Species 534. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus depstus. Bui. testa subacuminato-ovaM, com-
presse umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, rotmidatis, hcvi-
bus, superne depressiusculis, minide pUcato-croiulutis,
columelld reflexd, aperturd parvimctdd, labro simpUci ;
intus extusque ustulato-fuscd, hie illic saturcdiore
strigotu.
The tanned Bulimus. Shell subacuminately ovate,
compressly umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
sUgbtly depressed round the upper part, minutely
pbcately crenulated, columella reflected, aperture
rather small, lip simple ; light scorched brown within
and without, streaked here and there of a darker
colour.
Hal. Chachapoyas, Alto-Peru ; W. Lobb.
A thin shell approaching in form and colouring to the
Bulimus mix, from which it difli'ers in being of a lighter
structure and having a more rounded aperture.
Species 535. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus nigropileatus. Bui. testd acntninato-ovatd,
sulxnnpUter umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, conve.vis,
obtuse suhrugoso-siriatis, columelld cerlicaliter rejlcrd.
Julv, 1
aperti'ni ocali, labro simpUci; albidd, basin versus
obsolete fusco-fasciatd, apice nigro.
The black-tipped Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
rather largely umbQicated, whorls seven in number,
convex, obtusely somewhat roughly striated, colu-
mella vertically reflected, aperture oval, lip simple ;
whitish, obsoletely banded witli brown towards the
base, apex black.
Hab. Chachapoyas, Alto-Peru ; W. Lobb.
It is probable from the faintly banded appearance of
this shell, that this is but the jjale variety of a darker
tvpe.
species
(^lus. Cuming.)
BuLi.Arus foveolatus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui-
culd, subventricosd, Jiaud mubilicatd, ad apicem obtusd,
anfractibus qmnque ad sex, coiivexis, longitudiiialiter
obtuse plicato-striatis, punctis oblongis spiraliter linea-
tim exscidptis, infra suturas pUcato-crenulntis, apicem
versus pecuUariter foreol/dis, milnris nidiljii.s, aifracln
ultimo oblique descendciili-, cnlnmi'lhi laid, drjirr'niiii-
cidd, oblique recedcnte, upcrhini ohloiigo-ovidi, labro
subiiicrassato, vix i-eflexo ; itdense olivaceo-brunned,
infra suturas pallide miifasciatd, suturis albidis, colu-
melld labroque ceerulescente-albis, apertura fauce iri-
descente-lilaced.
The pitted Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin,
slightly ventricose, not umbilicated, olituse at the
apex, whorls five to six in number, convex, longitu-
dinally obtusely plicately striated, spirally engraved
with lines of oblong punctm'es, plicately crenulated
beneath the sutures, peculiarly pitted towards the
apes, sutm-es rude, last whoi-l descending obliquely,
columella broad, rather depressed, obliquely receding,
aperture oblong-oval, lip somewhat thickened, but
little reflected ; very dark obve-brown, with a single
pale band beneath the sutures, sutures whitish, lip
and columella bluish-white, interior of the aperture
iridescent lilac.
Ilab. Yitoe, near Sarma, Alto-Peru ; W. Lobb.
This is the species which Dr. PfcifTcr has assigned to
the Bulimus Mahogani, of Sowerby, Conch. Illus. f. 59,
of which I can find no description or tidings.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXIII.
On compaiing the shell under consideration with Mr.
Sowerby's figui-e, it will be found to be of a more oblong
form, more acuminated at the apex, and veiy peculiarly
pitted round the upper sutures, reminding one very
much of the indentations in the shells of Fhortis.
Species 527. (Fig- a- i, Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs PRiMULAKis. Bul. testd acuminato-ovatd, ienui-
ciild, suhventricosd, vmUlicatd, anfractibus septem,
leevibus, colimelld ienui, rejkxd, lahro simpUci ; albidd,
basin versus vivide luted, fasciis castaneo-nigris guahior
aut pluribns, nonnullis muUo interntptis, cingulatd.
The primrose-coloured Bulimus. Shell acuminately
ovate, rather thin, somewhat ventricose, umbilicated,
whorls seven in number, smooth, columella thin, re-
flected, lip simple; whitish, bright yellow towards
the base, encircled towards the base, with fom- or
more chestnut-black bands, some of which are much
interrupted.
Hah. Chaehapoyas, Alto-Pem ; W. Lobb.
Of simple structure, but abundantly characterized by
its bright primrose colour and dark basal bands.
Species 528. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus columellaris. Bul. testd cylindraceo-elongatd,
hand mnbilicatd, anfractibus septemdecim ad octodecim,
planis, angustis, oblique stdtobsolete striatis, anfractu
ultimo ad basin subangulaio, columella ioriuosd, leviter
recedente, aperturd subguadratd, ad basin effusd ; roseo-
albicante, apicem versus livido-carulesceiite et rufescente.
The little-column Bulimus. Shell cylindrically elon-
gated, not umbilicated, whorls seventeen to eighteen
in number, flattened, nan'ow, obliquely rather obso-
letely striated, last whorl somewhat angled at the
base, columella twisted, sUghtly receding, aperture
nearly square, eflfused at the base ; pinkish-white,
livid blue and red towards the apex.
Hub. Andes of Caxamarca, Peni, (imder stones at an
elevation of 12,000 feet) ; W. Lobb.
An interesting Pupa-Yiku species, distinguished by its
square eftuse aperture and erect columnar form.
JiuUmu^,nLIHV.
i!
%
4
B U L I M U S
Plate LXXIV,
Species 529. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLlMUS DEPICTUS. Bui. testd subfusiformi-oblongd, vu
umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, Icevibus, vel, sub lente, lon-
ffitudinaliter termistriatis, columelld reflexd, apertiird
sub-oblongd, labro dmplid ; luteo-albd, caruleo-vires-
cmite longitudimliler variegatd, fasciis duabus angmtis
in atlfractu ultmo prcetermittente.
The painted Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusilbnnly
oblong, scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number,
smooth, or, beneath the lens, finely striated, columella
reflected, apertm-e rather oblong, lip simple ; yellowish
white, longitudinally variegated with blue-green,
leaving two narrow bands round the last whorl.
Eab. New Granada.
A prettily ])ainted species collected in the above named
locality by Mr. Linden.
Species 530. (Fig a and b, Mus. Philippi.)
Bulimus Recluzianus. Bnl. testd subfusiformi-ob!nngd,
vix umbilicatd, (uifrnctibm sex, convexis, liiteis siib-
tilibus conferlim spiraliter incisis, columelld temte re-
fiexd, lahro simplici ; corneo-albidd, strigis lath irre-
gularibus castanets et griseo-violaceis ornatd.
Uecluz's Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusiformly oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number, convex,
closely spirally engi-aved with fine lines, columella
thinly reflected, lip simple ; flesh-white, ornamented
with irregular chestnut and grey-violet streaks.
Pfeiffer, Zeitsehr. fur Malae. 1847. p. 83.
Hab. ?
A very distinct and characteristic species, for the loan
of which I am indebted to Dr. Philippi of Cassel.
Species 531. (Mus. Belcher.)
Bulimus solivagus. Bui. subpyramidali-ovatd, cras-
siusculd, bast subventricosd, hand umbilicatd, anfrac-
tibus sex, lavibus, columelld paululmn iitcrassatd, ar-
ciiald, labro reflexo ; intense castaneo-purpured, epider-
viide albidd hjdropliand nndiqiK indutd.
The wandeking Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, rather thick, slightly ventricose, not umbilicated,
whorls six in number, smooth, columella a little
thickened, arched, lip reflected ; deep chestnut-purple,
covered throughout with a whitish hydrophanous
epidermis.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Belcher.
Distinct from any of the species collected in the same
locality by Mr. Cuming.
Species 532. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus lilacinus. Bui. testd fusifonni-oblongd, com-
pres.se umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, convexis, longitu-
dinaliter plicato-striatis, columelld reflexd, paululmn
appressd, labro vix reflexo; albidd, purpurea intus
undique fasciatd, columelld vivide violaceo-purpured.
The lilac Bulimus. Shell fusiformly oblong, compressly
umbilicated, whorls seven iu number, convex, lon-
gitudinally plicately striated, columella reflected, a
little appressed, lip slightly reflected ; whitish,
banded thi'oughout with violet -pm-ple, columella deep
violet-purple.
Hab.
There may be other varieties of this vei-y interesting
species. The present is lined interiorly with deep purple
bands which have an obscure blackish appearance on the
outside.
Species 533. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus Dunkeri. Bui. testd acmninato-oblongd, snb-
iiijhdd, umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, longitudiiialiter
nigoso-strialis, lineis spiralibiis iinpressis obsolete re-
ticnlatd, columelld late reflcvd, aperturd ovali, labro
tenui, vix reflexo ; albidd, spadiceo et cinereo-fusco va-
riegatd et nebulatd.
Dunker's Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, slightly
inflated, umbilicated, whorls six in number, longitu-
dinally roughly striated, obsoletely reticulated with
spiral impressed lines, columella broadly reflected,
aperture oval, lip thin, scarcely reflected; whitish,
variegated and clouded with bay and ash-brown.
Pfeiffer, Abbild. und Besch. BuUnms, PL 4. f. 10.
Hab. Mexico.
ilottled and streaked with ash-brown upon a whitish
ground, leaving a few light spots or dashes upon the darker
parts.
August, 1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXIV.
Species 534. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs succiNCTUS. Bill. Usld pyramidali-conicd, cras-
siwsculd, hand imibiUcatd, anfractibus septem., convexis,
lavibus ; albd, anfractibm fascid angnsld castaned supra
et infra suturas cingulatd, anfractu ultir/io infra
fascia inferiori ustulato-castaneo tinctd, circa cnlu-
mellam intensiore.
The under-gikt Bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical,
rather thick, not umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
convex, smooth ; white, whorls encircled above and
below the sutui'cs with a nan'ow chestnut baud, last
whorl stained below the lower band with bui'nt
chestnut, darker round the umbilicus.
Hab. Philippines.
The loss of its epidermis prevents me from giving a
complete description of this species ; but the peculiarity of
form and colouring abundantly testifies that it is distinct
from any hitherto known.
Species 535. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUs AMBDSTUS. Bid. h'std obloiigo-ovatd, vix umbi-
licatd, anfractibm sex, lavibns, vel, sub lente, cre-
berrime striatis, columella refkxd, appressd, recedente,
aperturd subdilatatd, labro simplici; albidd, slrigis
ustttlato-fuscis, nunc latiusculis, nunc augmiis, irregu-
lariter pictd.
The scorched Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, scarcely
umbdicated, whorls six in niunber, smooth, or,
beneath the lens, very closely striated, columella re-
flected, appressed, receding, aperture slightly dilated,
lip simple ; whitish, irregularly painted with bui'nt-
brown streaks, some narrow, some rather broad.
Hab. ?
The base of the apertm-c obtains a slightly dilated form,
the receding growth of the columella.
Species 537. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus ceeussatus. Bui. testd acimdnato-obloiigd, sub-
ampUler compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, con-
vexis, la.vibus, columella latissimd, vix refkxd, aperturd
siiboblique productd, labro simplici; cretaceo-albd,
striffis perpattcis undulatis fuscis intus pictd.
The white-lead Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
rather largely corapressly umbilicated, whorls seven
in number, convex, smooth, columella very broad,
scarcely reflected, aperture rather obliquely produced,
lip simple ; chalk-white, painted interiorly with a few-
brown waved streaks.
Hab. ?
Painted interiorly with scattered brown waved streaks,
which show somewhat obscurely through the substance of
the sheU.
Species 537. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus spadiceus. BhI. testd globoso-conicd, temiiculd,
umbilicatd, basi subplanulatd, anfractibus sex, convexo-
declivibus, suturis subimpressis, subiilissime rugoso-
striatis, anfractu ultimo obsolete carinato, columelld
brevi, late reflexd, labro simplici ; intense rufo-castaned,
aperturm fauce iridescente.
The dark-bay Bulimus. Shell globosely conical, rather
thin, umbilicated, somewhat flat at the base, whorls
sLt in nmnber, convexly slanting, sutm'es rather im-
pressed, very finely roughly striated, last whorl ob-
soletely keeled, columella short, broadly reflected, lip
simple ; deep reddish chestnut, interior of the aperture
ii'idescent.
Menke, Pfeifl'er, Symbols, vol. iii. p. 17.
Hab. Natal, South Afi'ica (in the woods near the river
Umlaas) ; Krauss.
One of the many interesting new species of shells col-
lected in the vicinity of Port Natal, by the indefatigable
Dr. Ki'auss of Stutgard.
liuUrNu.i-M.LID'.
%.
K
K
\
I
R , B. .fe H-.niup
B U L I M U S .
Plate LXXV,
Species 538. (Mus. rfciffer.)
Bdlimus gastbusi. Bui. testa obeso-ovatd, subcylmdra-
ced,compresse umbiUcatd, anfractibus sex, coiwexiuscidis,
oblique siriafis, columella brevi, subdilatatd, aperturd
semiovali, labro plano-rejlexo ; pellucido-albd, epider-
mide liitescente iudutd, suturis opaco-albis.
The swollen Bulimus. Shell stoutly ovate, somewhat
cylindrical, corapressly umbilicated, whorls six in
number, rather convex, obliquely striated, columella
short, rather dilated, aperture semioval, lip flatly re-
flected ; transparent white, covered with a yellowish
epidermis, sutures opake-white.
Ehrenberg, Symb. phys., Pfeiffer Monofi;. Holic. vol. ii.
p. 132.
Hab. Syria.
A swollen Pupa-like species with a small obtuse apex.
Species 539. (Mus. Pfcifler.)
Bulimus barbarus. Bui. testa acuminato-oblongd, com-
presse timbiUcatd, anfractibus sex, convexis, oblique
striatis, columelld labroque vix re/lexis ; corned, jlam-
mis albidis variegatd.
The foreign Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
compressly umbilicated, whorls six in number, convex,
obliquely striated, lip and columella but slightly
reflected ; horny, variegated with whitish flames.
Pfeiffer, Monog. HelicidEe, vol. ii. p. 124.
Helix barbarus, Linufeus.
Bulimus Jeanoti, Terver.
Bulimus Terverii, Forbes.
Hab. Algeria.
Although tliis shell is of a seniitransparent horny sub-
stance, the opake grey-white colouring occupies the larger
surface.
Species 540. (Mus. Dunker.)
Bulimus solutus. Bui. testdturritd, laxe eonvolutd, an-
fractibus sex, primis quatuor contiguis, ultimis duol/us
omnbib solutis, longitudinaliter rugoso-striatis, supra
et infra angulato-carinatis, carinis lined impressd
utrinque nuirginatis, aperturd subqtiadrato-ovutd, labro
simplici ; grisco-albicante.
The unloosed Bulimus. Shell turreted, loosely con-
Julv,
voluted, whorls sLx iu number, the first four con-
tiguous, the last two quite unrolled, longitudinally
roughly striated, angularly keeled above and below,
keels edged on both sides with an impressed line,
aperture somewhat squarely ovate, lip simple; gi-eyish-
white.
Troschel, Zeitschr. fm- Malac. 181.7. p. 49.
Hab. Peru.
A curious species for which I am indebted to Dr. Dunker,
in which the last two whorls are unrolled after the manner
of a Vermetus.
Species 511. (Mus. PfeiflVr.)
Bulimus Bertheloti. Bui. testa cijlindraceo-oblongd,
compresse uinbilicatd, apice obtuse eleoatd, anfractibus
octo, conve.vo-pla.iiis, oblique striatis, columelld late ver-
ticaliter dilatatd, uperturd latiusculd, lahro late reflexo;
sordide alba.
Berthelot's Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
compressly umbilicated, apex obtusely elevated,
whorls eight iu number, convexly flattened, obliquely
striated, columella broadly vertically dilated, aperture
rather broad, lip broadly reflected ; dead white.
Pfeiffer, Symbols;, vol. iii. p. 83.
Hab. Canary Islands.
Very closely allied to the B. Ehrenbergii which, probably
owing to some misareaugement, is far removed from this
species in Dr. Pfeiffer's monograph.
Species 543. (Mus. Dunker.)
Bulimus ringens. Bul.testdfusiformi-cylvndraced, com-
press's umbiUcatd, anfractibus octo, lavibus, aperturd
oblongo-quadratd, effusd, conspicue quadridentatd ;
corneo-fuscd, cinereo-albo strigatd et variegatd, aper-
turd violaceo-nigricante tinctd.
The grinning Bulimus. Shell fusiformly cylindrical,
compressly umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
smooth, aperture oblong stjuare, efi'used, conspicuously
four-toothed ; horny brown, streaked and variegated
with ash white, aperture stained with violet black.
Dunker, Zeitschr. fui- Malac. 1847, p. 83.
Hab. Macahe, Brazil.
The aperture is characterized liy having four conspi-
1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXV.
cuous flattened teeth, of which the interstices are variously
, with violet-black.
Species 543. (Mas. Pfeifler.)
BuLiMUS Vaknensis. Bui. tedd cylmdraceo-elongata,
solidiusculd, compresse vmbilicatd, anfractibus decern,
plano-convexis, oblique irregulariter striatis, aperlurd
parviusculd, columelld labroque dilatatis, non rejlexis ;
alba, intus fuscescente, apice nigricante.
The Varna Bulimcs. Shell cyliudiicaUy elongated,
rather solid, compressly umbilicated, wliorls ten in
number, flatly convex, obliquely irregularly striated,
aperture rather small, lip and columella dilated, not
reflected ; white, brownish within, apex blackish.
Frivaldsky, Pfeiff'er, Monog. HelicidK, vol. ii. p. 237.
Uab. Near Varna, Tin-key.
Of a clear white, without any indication of marking.
Species 54.4.' (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
BuLiMUS membranaceus. Bui. testa subfmiformi-
oblongd, tenui, liyalind, compresse umbilicatd, anfrac-
tibus septem, plano-convexis, lavibus, sub lente minute
striatis, columelld late re/lexd, depressd, aperturd sub-
obliqud, labro simplici, paululum effusd ; pellucido-
albicante.
The membranaceous Bulimus. Shell somewhat fusi-
formly oblong, thin, hyaline, compressly umbilicated,
whorls seven in number, flatly convex, smooth,
minutely striated beneath the lens, columella broadly
reflected, depressed, aperture rather oblique, lip
simple, a little eflFused ; transparent white.
Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. Bui. PI. 5. f. 1, 2.
Hab. ?
A delicate transparent white species, probably inhabiting
Central America.
Species 5-45. (Mus. Pfeiff'er.)
BuLiMUS Frivaldskyi. Bid. testa cylindraceo-oblongd,
vix compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus novem, planius-
culis, subtiliter oblique striatis, aperturd parvd, obliqud,
semiovali, columella labroque appressis ; pellucido-cor-
ned, crassiusculd.
Frivaldsky's Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy oblong, but
slightly compi'cssly umbilicated, whorls nine in
number, rather flattened, flnely obliquely striated,
apcrtm-e small, oblique, semi-oval. Up and columella
oppressed ; transparent homy, rather thick.
Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fur Malac. 1847, p. 191.
Hab. Natolia, Turkey in Asia.
A small stout horny cylindrical shell of which the
surface is rather flattened.
Species 546. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
Bulimus compactus. Bui. cylindraceo-oblongd, solidius-
culd, subcompresse umbilicatd, anfractibus novem ad
decern, oblique ruguloso-striatis, aperturd fnmcato-ovali,
tridentatd ; opaco-albd, fuscescente pallide strigatd,
intus subaurantid.
The compact Bulimus. Shell cylindi-ically oblong, rather
solid, somewhat compressly umbilicated, whorls nine to
ten in number, obliquely roughly striated, aperture
truncately oval, three-toothed; opake-white, faintly
streaked with light brown, interior tinged with orange.
Frivaldsky, Pfeifler, Zeitschr. fui- Malac, 1848, p. 6.
Eab. Island of Crete.
A slight contraction of the aperture forms a noticeable
feature in tliis species.
Species 547. (Mus. Pfeiff'er.)
Bulimus trichodes. Bui. testd acuminato-oblongd,
tenui, umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, sublilissime gra-
nulato-striatis, aperturd ovali, columelld reflexd, labro
simplici; olivaceo-corned, lineis opaco-albis longitu-
dinaliter notatd, pilis brevissimis obsitd.
The hairy Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, thin,
umbilicated, whorls eight in number, very finely gra-
nulately striated, aperture oval, columella reflected,
lip simple ; olive-horny, longitudinally marked with
opalie white lines, covered with very short hair.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dansl'Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 377. pi. 33.
f. 1-5.
Hab. Province of Santa Cruz, Bolivia ; D'Orbigny.
Distinguished by its peculiar hairy covering.
3uJunu.s ri ijivr.
GB.S.jBleclitk
B U L I M U S
Plate LXXVI.
Species 548. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLlMUS BuRCHELLll. Bid. testd acitminato-ovafu, vie
umbiUcatd, aiifractihus octo, lesvibus vel rude obsolete
stria tis, columella breviter reflexd, labro simpUci ;
cdbidd, fuscescente pallide strigatd.
Bl'rchell's Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, scarcely
vmibilicated, whorls eight in number, smootli or
rudely obsoletely striated, columella shortly reflected,
lip simple ; whitish, faintly streaked with brown.
Geay, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1834. p. 66.
Hab. Cape Natal, South Africa.
I am not very sure that this is the true B. BurcJielUi, of
which Mr. Gray describes having seen a number strung
together as a necklace. ]\Ii\ Cuming has the name attached
to it in his cabinet with a mark of doubt, which 1 am
unable to clear up.
Species 549. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMus RECONDTTUS. Bul. testd acuminato-oblonf/d,
tenuiculd, umbiUcatd, an/ractibus octo, lavibus, vel, sub
lente, minutissime striaiis, columelld breviter refiexd,
Wbro sitnpHci ; cinereo-albicante, cteruleo-fusco longi-
tudinaliter punctatd et partim strigatd, aperturee
fauce pallide aurantid.
The concealed Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
rather thin, umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
smooth, or, beneath the lens, very minutely striated,
columella shortly reflected, lip simple; ashy white,
longitudinally dashed and dotted with blue-brown,
interior of the a[)erture tinged with orange.
Hab. ?
Very prettily marked with dark longitii
finely dotted lines.
dashes and
Species 550. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus meuricus. Bul. testd acumiitato-oblongd, vix
umbiUcatd, anfractibus septem, lavibus vel, sub lente,
miiuiP strifitifi, cohmielld rejlexd, labro simplici ;
pallidi- xlr:i,/iiiiri!, fuxcid angustd nigricante-castaned
linediiKi/ intvrnipld cingidatd, anfractu idtimo fasciis
duabus cingidalo.
The gouty Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, smooth, or
beneath the lens, minutely striated, columella reflectetl,
lip simple; pale straw colour, eucii-cled with a
narrow blackish chestnut band and an inten'upted
line, last whorl with two bands.
Hah. Taboo, Cape Palmas (near the sea-shore).
The interrupted line encircles the whorls at about the
middle, the two bands are round the lower part, the lower
band being concealed in all but the last whorl.
Species 551. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus obliquus. Bul. testa subpyramidaU-ovatd, umbi-
Ucatd, crassiusculd, ad basin oblique productd, anfracti-
bus septem ad octo, lavibus, aperturd obliqud, columelld
labroque lait' dilatatis ; pallide rosaced, anfractu ultimo
fascia castaned niiicd ciugulaio.
The oblique Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, umbilicated, rather thick, obliquely produced
at the base, whorls seven to eight in number, smooth,
aperture oblique, lip and columella broadly dilated ;
light pink, with a single chestnut band round the
last whorl.
Hab. Bahia,
A pink shell of firm structure, encircled with a con-
spicuous chestnut band round the last whorl.
Species 553. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus bugatus. Bul. testd subacumiuaio-ovatd, uvi-
bilicatd, anfractibus septem, subventricosis, subliUter et
creberrime longitudinaliter rugatis, aperturd subqua-
drato-simiatd, columelld refiexd, labro pauluhim dila-
tato ; olivaced.
The shrivelled Buunii s. Shell somewhat acuminately
ovate, umbilicated, whorls seven in number, rather
ventricose, finely and very closely longitudinally
sluivelled, aperture somewhat squarely sinuated,
cohmiella reflected, Up a bttle dilated ; olive.
Hab. ?
Chiefly distinguished by its finely shrivelled surface.
Species 553. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus gelidus. Bul. testd acuminato-ovatd, sub-
ampliter umbUicatd, anfractibus octo, comexis, subiilis-
BULIlVnJS.— Plate LXXVI.
sirne striatis, columella, late reflexd, lahro sim.plid ;
pellucido-albd, lineis numerosis opaco-albis lougihi-
dinaliter noiatd.
The icy Bulimds. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
largely umbilicated, whorls eight in number, convex,
very finely striated, columella broadly reflected, lip
simple; transparent white, longitudinally marked
with numerous lines of opake white.
Hdh. Central America ?
Somewhat of a bluish-white tinge, characterized with
opake white longitudinal lines.
Species 554. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS CUNCTATOR. Bul. testd subahhreviato-ovaid.
Mud umlilicatd, inferni ventricosd, anfractibus
quinque, convexis, lavibus, columella redd, labro sub-
incrassato, non rejlexo ; purpiireo-cadaned, epidermide
albidd liydroplmnd longitudmaliter strirjaUt, iidus
cierulescente.
The loiteeer Bulimus. Shell somewhat abbrcviately
ovate, not umbilicated, ventricose round the lower
part, whorls five in number, convex, smooth, colu-
mella straight, lip slightly thickened, not refiected ;
purple-chestnut, streaked longitudinally with a white
hydrophanous epidermis, interior bluish.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Belcher.
This species, collected by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher
during the voyage of the Samarang, is quite distinct from
any of the same group discovered by Mr. Cuming.
Species 555. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus delumbis. Bui. testd subgloboso-ovatd, mnbili-
catd, anfractibus sex, rotundatis, longitudmaliter ru-
goso-striatis, colim.elld reflexd, labro simplici; creta-
ceo-albd, lineis brevibns ferrugineo-fuscis irregulariter
fasciatim pictd, aperturee fauce violascente.
The feeble Bulimus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
umbilicated, whorls six in number, rounded, longitu-
dinallyrugosely striated, columella reflected, lip simple;
chalk-white, irregularly painted with bands of short
rusty-brown lines, interior of the aperture violet.
Hab. ?
Very delicately tinged with orange and purple violet in
the apertm-e
Species SSfi. (Mus. Cummg.)
Bulimds ovulum. Bui. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, umbili-
catd, anfractibus sex, convexis, lavibus, vel obscure
striatis, columelld incrassatd, late reflexd, labro reflexo ;
intns cxtusque eburned.
The little egg Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thick,
umbdicated, whorls six in number, convex, smooth,
or obscui-cly striated, columella thickened, broadly
reflected, lip reflected; ivory white within and
without.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A shell of rather solid growth, without any appearance
of colouring.
Species 557. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus fidustus. Bui. testd acmmnato-ovatd, tenui-
culd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, longitu-
dinaliter minute et creberrhne striatis, columelld
breviter reflexd, labro tenui, simplici; lutescente-albd,
castaneo latifasciatd, epidermide tenui corned politd
indutd.
The faithful Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
rather thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, longitudinally minutely and very closely
striated, columella shortly reflected, lip thin, simple ;
yellowish wlute, broadly banded with chestnut,
covered with a thin polished horny epidermis.
Hab. Sebundoi, New Granada ; Puuck.
An interesting species from New Granada, which does
not appear to have been described
w
3iamui ri Lum
4
W\
B U L ni u s .
Plate LXXVII.
Species 558. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs coAGULATUs. Sill, testd ovata, teriui, ve?itricosa,
vix umbiUcatd, mifractibus quinque, obscure longitudi-
naUter plicato-striatis, columella, reflexd, labro umplici;
corneo-fuscescente, pellucidd, opaco-albo peculiariter
midato-reticidatd.
The cuudled Bulimus. Shell ovate, thin, ventricose,
scarcely umbilicatecl, whorls five iu number, obscurely
lougitudinally plicately striated, columella reflected,
lip simple ; transparent horny brown, peculiarly re-
ticulated in a waved manner \vith opake white.
Hab. Peru.
A light inflated shell distinguished by a peculiarly
mottled opake net-work.
Species 559. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus umbraticus. Bid. testd acuminato-ovatd, vie
umbiUcatd, avfractibus sex, longUtidbiaUter subtilissime
creberrime elevato-striatis, columelld breviter reflexd,
labro tenid, simplici; pellucido-albd, prope apicem
fuscescente strigatd.
The slight Bulimus. Shell acuniinately ovate, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls six in number, longitudinally
very finely elevately striated, columella shortly
reflected, lip simple ; transpai-ent white, streaked
with pale brown near the apes.
Hab. Central America.
It is possible that this may be a light variety of a species
of more colour from the indications of marking near the
apex.
Species 560. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus exornatus. Bui. testd acuminato-ovatd, tenui,
vix umbiUcatd, anfract.ibns octo, convexis, leevibm,
columelld breeder reflexd, aperturd parviusculd, labro
simplici; pellucido-fuscd, lineis longitudinalibus opaco-
aliis profuse strigatd.
The well-tkimmed Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
thin, scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
convex, smooth, columella shortly reflected, apertm-e
rather small, lip simple ; transparent brown, profusely
streaked with longitudinal opake white Unes.
Hab. Chilon, Boli\'ia(mider dead trunks of Cadi); Bridges.
August
Of transparent homy texture, neatly marked with lon-
gitudinal opake-white lines.
Species 501, (Mus. Benson.)
BuLisius MAVORTius. Bul. testd acumimto-ovatd, vix
umbiUcatd, anfractibus septein, convexo-declivibus, Ice-
vibus, vel, sub lente, ienuistriatis, columelld breviter
reflexd, labro simplici ; pallide stramined, sparsim ni-
yripunctatd, lined purpitrascente ad suturas, anfractu
ultimo zonulis dtiabus rosaceis cingulato, columelld
lutense rosaced, apice purpureo-nigricante.
The MARTIAL Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, con-
vexly slanting, smooth, or, beneath the lens, finely
striated, columella shortly reflected, lip simple ; pale
straw-coloiu-, sprinkled here and there with black
dots, and with a purple line round the sutures, last
whorl encircled ^ith two narrow pinkish zones, colu-
mella deep pink, apex purple-black.
Hab. Ceylon?
An extremely characteristic species, of which I have
been favoured with two specimens from the collection of
Ml-. Benson.
Species 562. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus ignavus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, subprofunde
umbiUcatd, anfractibus septem, rotundatis, longitudina-
liter subtilissime striatis, columelld lata, subreflexd,
labro simplici ; sordid!; corned.
The sluggish Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
deeply umbilicated, whorls seven in number, rounded,
longitudinally very finely striated, columella broad,
slightly reflected, lip simple ; dii-ty horn colom-.
Rab. Central America.
A thin horny shell with the whorls somewhat rounded
and rather deeply umbilicated.
563. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Limensis. Bul. testd acuminato-ovatd, subpro-
funde undiilicatd, anfractibus septem, longdudinaliter
creberrime elevato-striatis, striis irregidaribus, sub-
plicafis, columelld reflexd, labro simplici ; pallide fer-
rugineo-fuscd.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXVII.
The Lima Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
deeply umbilicatecl, whorls seven in number, longitu-
dinally very closely elevatcly striated, strias irregular,
subplicate, columella reflected, lip simple ; pale rusty
brown.
Hab. Lima and Quito, South America.
This is allied to the B. scalariformis, but does not agree
with any of the varieties of that species.
Species 564. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Sylheticus. Bui. suhacuminato-ohlongd, soU-
dimculd, smistrdi, umbilicatd, anfractihns sex, lavihis,
columella lahroque subincrcmsatu, dilatato-rejlexk ;
vivide luted, columella labroque palUdioribus.
The Sylhet Bulimus. Shell somewhat acuminately
oblong, rather solid, sinistral, umbilicated, whorls six
in number, smooth, lip and columella rather thick-
ened, dUately reflected ; bright yeUow, lip and colu-
mella paler.
Hab. Sylhet, Eastern Himalaya ; Benson.
Having very much the aspect of a young or dwarf speci-
men of B. citrims, it might easily be confounded with
that species.
Species 565. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus mollicellus. Bid. testa subajlindraceo-oh-
longd, vix imibilicatd, suturis subconstrictis, anfractibus
sex, subtilissime irregulariter striatic, ad siituras leviter
crenulatis, columella rejlexd, apipressd, aperturd pau-
lulum contractd, labro simplici ; pellucido-albd, epkler-
mide tenui stramined indutd.
The delicate Bulimus. Shell somewhat cylindrically
oblong, scarcely umbilicated, sutures rather con-
stricted, whorls six in number, very finely ii-regularly
striated, slightly crenulated at the sutures, columella
reflected, appressed, apertm-e a little contracted, lip
simple ; transparent white, covered with a thin straw
coloured epidermis.
Hab. ?
A delicate small species certainly distinct from any
hitherto described.
Species 566. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus transpaeens. Bill, testa acuminato-oblongd,
tenuissimd, hand umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, subtilis-
sime irregulariter striatis, colmnelld tenuissimd rejlexd,
labro simplici ; pellucido-corned.
The transparent Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
very thin, not umbilicated, whorls six in number, very
finely ii'regidarly striated, columeDa very thinly re-
flected, lip simple ; transparent homy.
Hab. ?
Of as bght and delicate a structure as any Lymnea.
Species 567. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus nigrilineatus. Bui. testd conico-ovatd, ven-
tricosd, tenuicula, liaud iimbilicatd, anfractibus sex,
lavibus, vel, sicb Unte, temiissime striatis, columella
tcimiter reflexd, labro simplici ; stramined, lineis mgro-
fascis fasciatd.
The black-lined Bulimus. Shell conically ovate, ven-
tricose, rather thin, not umbilicated, whorls six in
munlier, smooth, or, beneath the lens, very finely
striated, columella thinly reflected, lip simple ; pale
straw-colour, banded with black-brown lines.
Hab. ?
The bands round the upper part of the whorls are
somewhat lighter than those round the lower.
BuIinmsH IXXm-
m
#^.^
Sownbv.dcl.e' !ith
4
Vmcent Brocfe. Imp
BULIMUS
Plate LXXYIII.
Species 5 68. (ilus. Cuming.)
BcLLMUS LATIEEFLEXUS. Bill, testd acuniinato-cylindra-
ced, siibohesd, seinipellncidd, compresse umbilicatd, an-
fractibiis octo, oblique creberrime plicato-striatis, infra
stituras lined marginalis, columelld laid, verticali, aper-
iurd suborbiculari, lahro late reflexo ; fidvescente-
corned, lahro opaco-albidd.
The beoadly-keflected Bulimus. Shell nciiminately
cylindrical, rather stout, semitransparent, compressly
umbilicated, whorls eight in number, obliquely very
closely plicately striated, edged with a line beneath
the sutm-es, cohunella broad, vertical, aperture nearly
orbicular, lip broadly reflected; fulvous horny, lip
opake fulvous-white.
Eab. Muscat?
Ml'. Cuming has cvei-y reason to beUeve that this fine
species is from JIuscat, Ai-abia.
Species 569. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus ceratinus. Bui. testd acuminalo-oMongd, tenni,
compresse umbilicatd, anfraclibus sex ad septem, con-
vexis, subobscure irregulariter sulcato-driatis, columelld
latii verticaliler reflexd, aperlnrd parviuscidd, suborhi-
ctdari, pellucido-corned.
The intricate Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, thin,
compressly umbilicated, whorls six to seven in number,
convex, somewhat obscurely irregularly striated in a
gi'ooved manner, columella broadly verticaUy reflected,
aperture rather small, nearly orbicular ; transparent
horny.
Benson, MSS.
HaJ). Almorah, Kemaon, Western Himalaya ; Capt. Boys.
Distinguished from B. monta)iHs, to which it is next
allied, by its delicate transparent texture and absence of
granules.
Species 570. (Mus. Benson.)
:limus EunsTRiGATDS. Bui. testd cylindraceo-oblongd,
compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, plano-convexis,
Icevibus, ad snturas minute crenulatis, aperturd par-
viusculd, suborbiculari ; fulvo-corned, opaco-albo irre-
gulariter tenuistrigatd.
The bed-streaked Bulimus. Shell cylindrically ob-
loug, compressly umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
flatly convex, smooth, minutely crenulated at the
sutm-es, aperture rather small, nearly orbicular ;
fulvous horny, irregidarly finely streaked with opake-
white.
Benson, MSS.
Ilab. At the base of the lower range of the Himalaya,
between the rivers Jumna and Sutlej ; llutton.
Communicated to Mr. Benson by Capt. Mutton with the
title Ptqui strigaia, of which the specific name is occupied
in the present genus.
Species 571. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Bensoni. Bui. testd acumiuato-ovatd, hand
umbilicatd, anfractibus octo, transversim rninute ei
creberrime striatis, siriis subtiUssime gramdatis, pecu-
liariter corrugato-undulatis, columelld tenuiculd, leviter
contortd, labro vix reflexo ; violasceide-albd, purpuras-
cente-fusco variegatd, fascils albis duabus tribusve,
macidis intense purpureis sagittalibus noted is, cirigulatd,
columelld ca»taneo-fuscd.
Benson's Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, not umbi-
licated, whorls eight in number, transversely minutely
and very closely striated, striae very finely granulated,
pecuharly corrugately waved, columella rather thin,
slightly twisted, lip scai-cely reflected ; violet-tinged
white, variegated with purple-brown, encircled with
two or three white bands marked with deep purple
arrow-head spots, columella chesnut brown.
llab. Banks of the river Amazon.
This fine species, which I have the honour to name
after a gentleman who has aftbrded me much valuable
information on the Bulimi of Bengal, Afghanistan and
North Western India, is closely allied in general aspect
to the B. zebra. Its chief point of difl'erence consists in
the minute waved-striated semigranular sciUptui-e which
chai'acterises the entii-e surface of the shell, whilst the
design of painting is marked by the presence of two white
bands, painted with dark purple arrow-head spots, pointing
towards the lip.
September, 18-19.
BULIMUS— Plate LXXVIII.
Fig. 572.
As this species belongs more properly to JcJmtim, the
reader is referred to Plate XXI. of that genus for de-
scription. For Bulimus Sp. 572, see PI. LXXX.
Species 573. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus eremita. Bui. testa. cyUndraceo-oblongd, siib-
profmde umhilicatd, anfradibus oeto, convexis, obscure
stibirreffulariter striatis, aperturd oblique productd,
columella lata, labro paidulum expanso ; ccerulescenie-
albd.
The hermit Bulimus. Shell cylindrieally oblong, rather
deeply umbilicated, whorls eight in number, convex,
obscurely rather irregularly striated, aperture obli-
quely produced, columella broad, lip a little expanded ;
bluish-white.
Benson, MSS.
Hnb. Al'ghanistau ; Hutton.
Collected by Capt. Hutton on his march with Shah
Shuja's force fi'om the Bolun Pass to Cabul, during the
recent operations of the British Army in India.
Species 574. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus kusticus. Bui. testa ovatd, solidiusculd, lumd
umbUkatd, spird obtusd, anfractibus quiuque ad sex,
convexis, Iambus, columella plano-incrassatd, subcal-
losd, quasi dentatd, aperturd obliqud, labro reflexo ;
ca.staneo-brimned, circa columellam obscure faseiatd,
albidd versus apicem, columelld labroque albis.
The simple Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather solid, not
umbilicated, spire obtuse, whorls five to six in
number, convex, smooth, columella flatly thickened,
rather callous, as if toothed, aperture oblique, lip
reflected ; chestnut-brown, obscm-ely banded around
the columella, white towards the apex, lip and colu-
mella white.
MoussoN, Land and Suss, MoU. Java, p. 114. pi. 22 f. 1.
Ilab. Eastern Java.
I am indebted to IMr. Benson for an authentic example
of this species, received from M. Mousson. It is, however,
impossible to describe it satisfactorily, owing to the shell
having lost its epidermis, which, to judge by analogy,
would afl'ord important characters.
The author notices having a number of dead specimens
in liis possession, collected in Eastern Java, and remarks,
that it is the only representative hitherto found in that
island, of the richly clad group, comprising B. pytho-
gaster and its congeners, inhabiting the Philippines.
Species 575. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Boysianus. Bui. testa cylhidraceo-oblowjd,
sbiistrali, vix umhilicatd, anfractibus octo, convexis,
suhrugoso-striatis, ad suturas subtilissime plicatis, lineis
spiralibus, sub lente minute decussatis, columelld re-
flexd ; corneo-fuscd, lineis undulatis opaco-albis varie-
gatd.
Boys' Bulimus. Shell cylindrieally oblong, sinistral,
scarcely umbOicated, whorls eight in number, convex,
rather coarsely striated, very finely plicated at the
sutures, minutely decussated beneath the lens with
spii-al lines; horny brown, variegated with waved
opake-white lines.
Benson, MSS.
Hub. Kemaon, Westem Himalaya ; Boys.
Named by Mi-. Benson in honour of Capt. Boys, to
whom we are indebted for this and many interesting
species collected in North Western India.
Species 576. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Chersonesicus. Bui. testd acuminato-eylin-
dracea, suiistrali, compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus
octo, convexis, subobscure rwjoso-striatis, columelld
lata, verticali ; carulescente-albd, fulvescente hie illic
pialUde tinctd, apertura fauce pallide aurantid.
The Crimea Bulimus. Shell acuminately cylindrical,
sinistral, compressly umbilicated, whorls eight in
number, convex, somewhat obscurely coarsely stria-
ted, columella broad, vertical; bluish-white, faintly
tinged here and there with light brown, interior of
the aperture light orange.
SowEKBY, MSS. Jay, Catalogue, 1839, p. 55.
Rab. Crimea, Southern Russia.
This is one of the list of species unknown to Dr.
Pfeifl'er. The specimen here figured from the collection
of Mr. Benson was received from Mr. Sowerby with the
above name in 1834.
Species 577. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus conulus. Bui. testd conico-ovaid, vix umbili-
catd, anfractibus seplem, rotundatis, oblique subtiUs-
simii striatis ; pellucido-corned.
The little cone Bulimus. Shell conically ovate, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, rounded, ob-
li((uely very finely striated ; transparent horny.
Ilab. Port Natal, South Africa.
Vei-y thin and transparent, of a conical form rather
broad at the base.
I
J^f//f//N{J PI IJJTJ
I
BULIMUS
Plate LXXIX.
578. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS POLYGYKATUs. Bid. testd pijramidali-titrritd,
minute nmbilicatd, anfractihus novem ad decern, suh-
anffiisiis, rotundatls, siMiUter plicato-strialis, columella
reflexd, aperturd parvd, lahro simplici ; carukscente-
albd.
The many-whorled Bulimus. Shell pyramidally tur-
reted, minutely umbilioated, whorls nine to ten in
number, rather narrow, rounded, finely plicately stri-
ated, eolumeUa reflected, apertm-c small, lip simple;
bluish-white.
Hab. ;=
An erect closely convoluted shell, of which the sutures
are rather impressed.
Species 579. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus micra. Bui. testd acuminato-tumtd, tenuis-
simd, nix umbilicatd, anfractibus acto, superne tumidi-
iisculd, rotundatis, longitudiiialiter elevato-slriatis,
quasi costellatis, columelld reflexd, aperturd parvd,
labro tenui ; pellucido-stramined.
The small Bulimus. Shell acuminately turrcted, very
thin, scarcely umbQicated, whorls eight in number,
rather swollen round the upper part, rounded, longi-
tudinally elevately striated, as if finely ribbed, colu-
mella reflected, aperture small, lip thin ; transparent
straw-colour.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans TAmer. Merid. Moll. p. 263. pi. 41.
f. 18 to 19.
Hab. ChOon, Bolina (under trunks of Cacti) ; Bridges.
This little species seems to obtain rather a wide range.
According to D'Orbigny it is found in the envu-ons of
Rio Janeiro as well as on the eastern side of the Bolivian
Andes.
Species 5S0. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Caraccasensis. Bui. tesld acuminato-tnrritd,
umbiUcntd, anfractibus novem angustis, rotundatis,
longitudinaliter elevato-striatis, infra suturas quasi
costellatis, suturis impressis, columelld reflexd, aperturd
parvd, labro te?iui; sordide fuloescente.
The Cakaccas Bulimus. Shell acuminately turreted.
umbilicated, whorls nine in numlier, narrow, rounded,
longitudinally elevately striated, beneath the sutures
as if finely ribbed, sutures impressed, columella
reflected, aperture small, lip thin ; dull fulvous-
colour.
Hab. Caraccas; Salle.
Vci-y like the first species of this plate, B.pohiggralus,
though smaller and differing in form.
Species 581. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Tunetakus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd, kyalind,
suh-Partulceformi, compresse umhilicatd, anfractibus
sex, tumidiusculis, oblique subtilksinie striatis, colti-
melld lata, expansd, aperturd ovatd, superne callositate
parvd, labro reflexo ; kyalino-albd, labro opaco-albo.
The Tunis Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, hyaline,
somewhat Partula-shaped, compressly umbUicated,
whorls six in number, rather swollen, obliquely very
finely striated, columella broad, expanded, aperture
ovate, with a small callosity at the upper part, lip
reflected ; hyaline white. Up opake-white.
Ilab. Tunis ; Capt. Spratt.
A delicate transparent shell, though of comparatively
solid growth, and with the lip reflected, reminding one of
the Partula Injalina.
Species 583. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus contiguus. Bui. testd elongato-cylindraceu,
hand nmbilicatd, anfractibus novem, plani-convexis,
IcBvibus, politis, ad sutui'as exiliter impresso-cremdatis,
columelld lata, veriicali, aperturd minutd, marf/inibus
incrassatis, reflcvis, supra callo junciis ; eburned.
The closely-convoluted Bulimus. Shell elongately
cylindrical, not umbilicated, whorls nine in number,
flatly convex, smooth, polished, faintly impressly
crenulated at the sutures, columella broad, vertical,
apertm-e minute, margins thickened, reflected, joined
above by a callosity ; ivory-white.
Hab. Island of Socotra.
A veiy characteristic closely convoluted polished shell,
with a pecuUarly small aperture.
September. 1 819.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXIX.
Species 583. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLlMUS OBTUSUS. Bid. testa cylindraceo-oblongd, liimd
umbilicatd, apice peculiariter ahhreviatd, anfractibm
septem ad octo, stibplano-convexis, oblique striatk, colu-
'inelld arcimtd, apertiird pm-vd, suborbiculari , labro
teme rejiexo ; ceerulescente-albd.
The obtuse Bulimus. Shell cylindrically obloug, not
imibilicated, peculiarly abbreviated at the apex,
whorls seven to eight in number, rather flatly convex,
obliquely striated, columella arched, aperture small,
nearly orbicular, thinly reflected ; bluish-white.
PraiFFEU, Symbolae, vol. i. p. 84. and vol. ii. p. 119.
Pupa obtusa, Draparnaud.
Helw {Cochlostyla) obtusa, Ferussac.
Ptipa Germanica, Lamarck.
Hab. Australia.
Cliiefly distinguished by the pecidiar sinking of the
tirst few whorls.
Species 584. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Euboicus. Bid. testa acuminato-oblomjd., chnj-
salidiformi, compresse mnbUicatd, anfractibus novem,
plano-convexis, mimitissime striatis, superrie marginatis,
aperiurd parvd, fortiter tridentatd, supra callositate,
labro subrejlexo ; fidvescente-corned, dentibus hibroque
The Eubcean Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
chi'ysalis-shaped, compressly umbilicated, whorls
nine in number, flatly convex, very minutely striated,
edged round the upper part, aperture small, strongly
three-toothed, with a callosity above, lip slightly
reflected; fulvous horny, teeth and Up opake-white.
Hab. Euboea ; Capt. Spratt.
Unusually strongly toothed for so small a species.
Species 585. (IVIus. Cuming.)
Bulimus nanus. Bui. testa sidjelongatd, umbilicatd, an-
fractibus octo, convexis, subtilissime striatis, striis infra
suturas subplicatis, columella verticali, aperturd parvd,
labro simplici ; cinerascente, strigis fuscescentibus hie
illic obscure notatd, apice fusco.
The dwarf Bulimus. Shell rather elongated, umbili-
cated, whorls eight in number, convex, veiy finely
striated, stria; slightly plicated beneath the sutures,
columella vertical, apertiu'c small, lip simple ; pale
ash-colour, obsciu-ely marked here and there with
light brown streaks, apex brown.
Hab. Chili.
A small turreted shell very faintly marked with brownish
streaks and with a dark-brown apex.
Species 586. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus macilentus. Bui. testd acuminatd, basi sub-
oblongd, liaud umbilicatd, tenuissimd, anfractibus sex,
lavibus, poliiis, vel sub lente subtilissime concenfrice
striatis, superne minute marginatis, columelld vix re-
flexd, aperturd oblongo-ovatd, labro tenui ; virescente,
vitred.
The lean Bulimus. Shell acuminated, rather oblong
at the base, not umbHicated, very thin, whorls six in
number, smooth, polished, or, beneath the lens, very
finely concentrically striated, minutely edged romid
the upper part, columella only slightly reflected,
aperture oblong-ovate, lip thin ; greenish, glassy.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A very transparent, greenish, glassy shell, of which the
last whorl is rather oblong-inflated.
Species 587. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus segregatus. Bui. testd omto-conicd, subpyra-
midali, basi tumidiuscidd, umbilicatd, anfractibus sep-
tem, convexis, oblique striatis, columelld lata, verticali,
aperturd parvd, rotundatd, labro tenui ; sordide corned.
The alien Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, somewhat
pyramidal, rather swollen at the base, umbilicated,
whorls seven in number, convex, obhquely striated,
columella broad, vertical, aperture small, rounded,
lip thin ; duU horny.
Benson, MSS.
Hob. Simla, Western Himalaya.
Distinguished from most of the Himalayan species by
its conical form.
zv////////,y /y m:
4
tl
I
•ijP^
BULIMUS.
Species 572. (Mus. Benson.)
BULlMUS LATEBKICOLA. Bul. testd acmmiinto-ohhulijii ,
compresse nml/iUcata, anfractihns se.v, xiihrofihiiliiris.
liBvihus, vel concentrice striatis ; peUiiciilii-slrii,,iiiie(i,
poUtd.
The lurcher Bulimus. Shell acumiuately oblong, com-
pressly umbilicated, whorls six in number, somewhat
rounded, smooth, or concentrically striated ; trans-
parent straw-colom-, polished.
Benson, MS.
Hab. Landour, Western Himalaya.
A very delicately coloured transparent species, obtained
by Mr. Benson in the lower Himalaya range, at elevations
vnmrino- frnm X (\M\ tn 7 M\(\ fppt
varying from 4,000 to 7,000 f(
feet.
Species oSS. (Mus. Pfeiffer.)
BuLurus NiTiDULUs. Bul. testd mbacmninato-oblongd,
solidiuiicidd, compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus ijidnque
ad sex, rotuiidatis,sinutulis, pulil' . •• 'f''r!\ <<nisfi-iclis,
cotmiielld latiusenld, expansd ; <- -> "/'"'.
The shining Bulimus. Shell ^(iii:> \\ ii;it iHiiniinately
oblong, rather solid, compressly umbilicated, whorls
five to six in number, rounded, finely striated, po-
lished, sutures constricted, columella rather wide,
expanded ; cinnamon horn-colour.
Pfeiffer, Wiegman's Ai-chives, 1839, vol. i. p. 352.
Hob. ilatanzas, Island of Cuba.
A small shining cinnamon-ljrown shell.
bpecie
(:\Ius. Pfeiftcr.)
Bulimus Antoni. B/d. testd ovato-conicd, compresse nm-
bilicatd, anfractibus qidnqite ad sex, convexiusctdis,
Icevibus, colnmelld subrefiexd ; peltucido-corned.
Anton's Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, compressly
umbilicated, whorls five to six in number, rather
convex, smooth, columella slightly reflected ; trans-
parent horny.
Pfeiffer, Symbols^, vol. i. p. 24.
Strobilus oblijiii/iis, Anton.
Hab. Island of Opara.
An extremely small species, of a dull transparent liorny
substance.
RlLIMLS SlALA
ha.hl. u.,fr
l,rrn.,d: ,,Hc
500. (Mus. Ci
F,s. /;/,/. i,'s
: inidrri,,, rn.
Ig.)
I'hnlatd, vix iimbi-
ridniri
nipie
pi-ciiininicr acute com-
pn'ssis, apirturd parvd, rotaiidatd, lubro siti/ptici ;
sordid? albd.
The Scalaria-like Bulimus. Shell subulate, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls eleven in number, rounded, very
closely plicately ribbed throughout, the ribs being
peculiarly sharply compressed, aperture small, round-
ed, lip simple ; dull white.
JI(d/. Canary Islands ?
Distinguished by the very sharply compressed structure
of the ribs, which range longitudinally as in Scalaria.
Species 501. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus glomeratus. Bul. testd conico-subidatd, haud
uvibilicatd, ntifractibns novem, rotundatis, Icevibus, su-
tiiriv xiihrdih^lrirlis, iiperturd .viborbiculari, labro sim-
plic. : i..lh,nd.,-rorucd.
The coiled JUi.i.uus. Shell conically subulate, not
umbilicated, whorls nine in number, rounded, smooth,
sutm-es rather constricted, aperture nearly orbicular,
lip simple ; transparent hurny.
Ilab. ?
Of a peculiar conical subulate form, of many whorls.
Species 592. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus decorticatus. Bul. testd subulatd, solidius-
cu/d, vix uMbilicatd, anfractibus octo, concentrice snh-
rndc plitato-striatis, vidui.iclld ieiiui, rejtexd, aperturd
parviuscidd, obloiigu-ucafd, lidjru tenui ; sordide vires-
cenfe-corned.
The decorticated Bulimus. Shell subidate, rather
solid, scarcely umbilicated, whorls eight in number,
concentrically rather rudely plicately striated, colu-
mella thin, reflected, aperture rather small, oblong-
ovate, lip thin ; dull greenish horn.
Hub. Macao, China ; Dr. Cantor.
A shell of rather solid growth, longitudinally sculptured
throughout with rude plicate striw.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXX.
Fig. 593.
The shell here figured, inadvertently, is the B. Pujioides,
already published at PL XXXVIII. Sp. 231.
For Sp. 593, see PL LXXXIV.
Species 594. (Mus. Pfeitfer.)
BuLiMUs GEACiLLiMUs. Bill, testd suhiilatd, tjracili, hand
nmbilicatd, anfractihus septem ad octo, planulatk,
medio leviter coardatis, longitudhmliter acute cosiatii
et striatk, suturis impressis, columella sMncrasmtd,
apertiird parvd, lain simplici ; sordide alba.
The veky slender Bulimus. Shell subulate, slender,
not umbilieated, whorls seven to eight in number,
rather flattened, sKghtly contracted in the middle,
longitudinally sharply ribbed and striated, sutures
impressed, columella a little thickened, aperture small,
lip simple ; dead white.
Pfeipfek, Symbols;, vol. iii. p. 64.
Bulimiis striato-costatus, D'Orbigny.
Hab. Cuba.
Originally described by Dr. Pl'eifter in Wiegman's Ar-
chives as an Achatiita.
Species 595. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus clavulinus. Bid. testd acuminato-oblongd, vLi
nmbilicatd, hnsiii versKS suhveufricosd, aitfractibiis se.r,
convexis, lavibus, columella tenue rejlexd, aperturd
ovatd, labro tetmi ; pellucido-stramhied, vitred.
The little nail-like Bulimus. Shell acuminately
oblong, scarcely umbilieated, rather ventricose to-
wards the base, whorls sLk in number, convex, smooth,
columella thinly reflected, apertm'e ovate, lip thin ;
transparent straw-colour, glassy.
PoTiEZ and Michaud, Gal. de Douai, p. 136. pi. 14. f. 9,10.
Hab. Moka, Isle of France (on woody banks) ; Benson.
If this shell is Potiez and Michaud's B. clamdinus, which
I believe it is, Dr. Pfeitt'er is wrong in quoting it as syn-
onymous with B. GoodulU.
Species 596. (Mus. Pfeifl'er.)
Bulimus harpa. Bvl. testd ovato-conicd, tenui, subven-
tricosd, vix umbilicatd, anfractihus quatuor, rottmdatis,
concentric!; nitide costellato-striatis, aperturd rotunda,
labro simplici ; pellucido-brunned.
The harp Bulimus. Shell ovately conical, thin, rather
ventricose, slightly umbilieated, whorls four in num-
ber, rounded, concentrically neatly sculptured with
rib-like stria;, aperture rounded, lip simple : trans-
parent brown.
Pfeiffek, Zeitschr. fiir Malac, 1847, p. 147.
H„h. ?
A minute but extremely interesting species, jiartaking
somewhat of the typical form of Ci/closfoma.
% I
BuUrmis.Pl.LXXII.
\
A
(V.b.S.drle.tlitli
B U L I M U S.
Plate LXXXI.
Species 5'J7. (Mus, Taylor.)
r^ULiMUS BiviTTATUs. Bul. U'sid pyrmiiidaU-ovatd, basin
versus ohliqnd, u»ihiUcald, anfractibus octo, lavibiis,
ad suluras peculiariter crenulatis, aperturd ohlique
ovatd, columdld labroque late rejieifis et effusis ; alba,
aiifradti idlimo castaiieo pallide bifasciato.
The two-filleted Bulijids. Shell pyramidally ovate,
oblique towards the base, umbOicated, whorls eight
in number, smooth, peculiarly creuulated at the
sutures, aperture obhquely ovate, lip and columella
broadly reflected and eft'used ; white, last whorl
I'aiutly two-bauded with chestnut.
SowERBY, Concliologiral Illustrations, f. 40.
Hab. Brazil.
Eft'used in an obli(iue direction at the base, after the
manner of the B. auris-h'poris.
Species .59S. (Mus. Taylor.)
BuLIMVS MULIEBUIS. Bill, tcafd iivii Minato-oblougd, liiu-
bilicatd, tmuiculd, auj'rnci'ihiis xi'pU'm, subrude sub-
tiUssiine striaiis, coliiiiirlhi njlcrd, aperturd ovatd,
labro simplici ; albuld, strit/is atiguslis fuscis, Me illic
satiiratioribus, tmdique longitudinaliter pictd.
The effeminate Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
unil)ilicated, rather thin, whorls seven in number,
somewhat rudely veiy finely striated, columella re-
flected, aperture ovate, lip simple ; whitish, longitu-
dinally painted throughout with narrow brown
streaks which are here and there darker.
Hab. New Granada.
A light delicately painted species, finely rudely striated.
Species 599. (Mus. Cuuiiug.)
BuLiJlus Boliviands. Bid. testd acunmmto-oblongd,
compresse umb'dlcatd, anfractibus septem, lavibus aut
minutissime decussatim impresso-striatis, columelld
contorto-plicatd, latissime depresso-dilatatd, aperturd
ovatd, labro simplici ; carneo-albidd, purpureo-fusco
fasciatd, fasciis talis, coti/ertis, liic illic it/terriiplis,
colmiielld rubella, apice rubro.
The Bolivian Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong,
compressly umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
smooth or very minutely decussated with impressed
stria;, columella plieately twisted, very broadly do
pressly dilated, aperture ovate, lip simple; flesh-
white, banded with purple-brown, bauds broad,
close-set, here and there iuterrupted, columella red-
dish, apex red.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 34.
Hab. Near Merida, Andes of Bolivia.
The shell here represented is the original type of the
species described by Dr. Pfeiffer. To that which I have
mistaken for it at PI. XLIV. Sp. 281, the name B. annu-
latus may be given. The species are truly distinct, as
may readily be seen by an accurate comparison of the
figures.
Species 600. (Mus. Taylor.)
liuLTMrs PATRTOius. Bul.ti'.itd pi/ramidaH-nbloiiijd, siib-
«;,///';/.>■ .■,-,„/"vvvr iniibilivalii,niifraclihi,x ovlu, uhliqid'
^■I'.rlfni jHirriii>:ciil<i.onitil.ivh,„irnd
hil.r.yn ', /,//,,vv,- ,illii,h,\ri,fciifeiil,--piirpiin;j .^uh-
obscurii iultrriiplr fasciatd, aperlurce fauce roseo-pur-
pured.
The patrician Buluius. Shell pyi'amidally oblong,
rather largely compressly umbilicated, whorls ob-
liquely somewhat rudely striated, aperture rather
small, ovate, lip and columella broadly refleeteil ;
whitish, rather obscurely interruptedly banded with
reddish purple, interior of the aperture rose-purple.
Hab. ?
This fine species is probably from New Granada, but I
have no authority for stating it to be the locality.
Species (501. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Taylor.)
Bulimus speotatus. Bul. testd fusiformi-ovald, vix um-
bilicatd, tenuicidd, anfractibus sex ad septem, longitu-
dinaliter subrude tenuistriatis, columelld rejlexd, ile-
pressiusculd, aperturd ovatd, labro peculiariter effiiw ,■
albidd vel cinereo-fuscescente varie strigald ant fisi-iuld,
columelld et aperturie fauce roseo-purpureis.
The choice Bulimus. Shell fusiformly ovate, scarcely
unibQieated, rather thin, whorls six to seven in num-
ber, longitudinally somewhat rudely fmely striated,
columella reflected, rather depressed, aperture ovate,
lip peculiarly effused ; whitish or ash-brown, vari-
abcr, 1849.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXXI.
ously streaked or banded, columella and interior of
the aperture rose-purple.
Hab. New Granada.
Except in the rose-purple hue of the columella and
aperture, the pattern of colouring is too variable in this
beautiful species to particularize. Its graceful effused
OTOwth is characteristic.
Species G02. (ilus. Tajaor.)
Bui-iMUS Tayloeiaxus. Bid. k'sfa venfrkoso-oblongd,
tenui, inflata, hand umhilicatd, anfractibus quinque,
longitudinaliter obscnri plieato-striatis, ad suturas levi-
ler crennlaUs, sub lente undiqiie minutissime granulatis,
anfraclu uUimo valde maximo, pecidiariter descendente,
colmnellu. tenuissmd, nfiexCi, labro vix reflexo ; cas-
taneo-fuscd, semipelhicidd, lineis perpaucis nigris api-
ceni verms fulgufatd, columelld lahroqm roseo tinctis.
Tayloe's Bulimus. Shell ventricosely oblong, thin,
inflated, not umbilicated, whorls five in number, lon-
gitudinally obscurely plicately striated, slightly cre-
nulated at the sutures, veiy minutely granulated
thi'oughout beneath the lens, last whorl very much
the largest, peculiarly descending, columella very
thin, reflected, lip scarcely reflected ; chestnut-brown,
semipelluoid, lightning-marked towards the apex
witli a few black lines, lip and columella tinged with
rose.
Hab. Environs of (luito.
A delicate inflated species of a dark transparent brown
colour, marked with dark zigzag lines near the apex, and
having the thin lip and columellar edge tinged with rose.
Being indebted to Thomas Lombe Taylor, Esq., for the
species, I have the pleasure to name it in honour of that
distinguished collector.
Species 603. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus sinistralis. Bui. testd snbacuminato-i
longd, crassiusculd, sinisirali, vix umbilicatd, anfn
lihits seplem, subrotundatis, oblique siriatis, columelld
refiexd, aperturd parviusculd, labro reflexo ; luted,
olivaceo-viridi mannoratd, aperlnre fauce intense fused,
labro albo.
The sinistral Bulimus. Shell somewhat acuminately
oblong, rather thick, sinistral, scarcely umbilicated,
whorls seven in number, somewhat rounded, obliquely
striated, colutnella reflected, apertiu'e rather small,
lip reflected ; yellow, marbled with olive-green, inte-
rior of the aperture very dark brown, lip white.
Hah. Java.
Care should be taken not to confound this species with
the green variety of B. laviis, elevated to the rank of a
species by Mousson, under the name B. furcillatus, from
which it is certainly distinct.
Species CU-i. (Mus. Taylor.)
Bulimus albizonatus. BhI. Ifxhi .^nhpyraynidali-conicd,
basi depressiusculd, rir ihnhiliintd. anfractibus septeni,
plauo-convexis, obUqiir leniiixtrinfiv, suturis peculiaiiter
Uneari-incisis, anfractu ultimo bad angtdato, colu-
melld late refiexd, aperturd parviusculd, labro reflexo ;
iutiis extusque ctendescente-albd, zonula angustd opaco-
albd ad angulum anfractiis nltimi.
The white-zoxed Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyrami-
dally conical, rather depressed at the base, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, flatly convex,
obliquely finely striated, sutures peculiarly linearly
engraved, last whorl angled at the base, columella
broadly reflected ; bluish white within and without,
having a narrow opake white zone at the angle of
the last whorl.
Hab. Ceylon.
A pale blue-white shell, remarkably characterized by a
narrow opake-white zone round the middle of the whorls,
exactly in the place of the suture, concealed in all but
the last whorl by the superposition of one whorl upon the
other.
B,iiiiiui.y. Fi Lnm.
'A
^vf.
^,
\\. ni
R b S.- l^.imji
B U L I M U S.
Plate LXXXIl.
Species 605. (Mus. Taylor.)
BuLiMUs TDKBINATUS. Bid. tesld cylindraceo-ohlongd,
vix umiilieatd, arifractiius sepkm, subrotun-datk, lon-
gitudbialiter obscure impresso-driatk, ad suturas siib-
tiliter cremdatis et margimtis, columella contortd, basi
recedente, aperturd parviuscidd, labro dmplici ; lides-
cente, castatieo macidatd et strigatd, colimielld I'wido-
purpurascente.
The turbinated Bdlimds. Shell cylindrically oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, some-
what rounded, longitudinally obscurely impressly
striated, finely crenulated and margined at the su-
tui'es, columella twisted, receding at the base, aper-
ture rather small, lip simple ; yellowish, spotted and
streaked with chestnut, columella livid-purple.
Acliatina turbimda, Lea, Traus.Am. PhU. Soc, vol.ii. p. 31.
Hub. West Coast of Al'rica
1 find this sheU with the above name attached to it,
but am not at aU sure that it is the species. It is cer-
tainly distinct from the allied African forms.
Species GOG. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs BiFULouKATrs. Bid. teatd vmtricoso-ovatd,
teituiculd, anfraciibus sex, oblique pUcato-striatis, striis
regidaribus, labruni versus evanidis, columelld tenui,
siihcontortd, aperturd ovatd, labro simplici ; fusces-
ceide, iiiteusi cceruleo-viridi tinctd, lineisjlavidis, l/liiis,
acute uudatis, midique fulguratd.
The double-waved Bulimus. Shell ventricosely ovate,
rather thin, obUquely plicately striated, strife regular,
fadiug towards the lip, columella thin, slightly twisted,
aperture ovate, lip simple ; light brown, stained with
deep blue-green, lightning-marked thi'oughout with
yellow zigzag lines in pairs.
Hah. Andes of Columbia.
Au interesting new species allied to B. zi'hra, but very
distinctly characterized in its varieties of painting.
Species 607. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus proximus. Bui. testd globoso-ovatd, ventrico-
smiiitd, hand umbdicatd, anfraciibus sex, undique mi-
iiatissime granulosis, apicem versus obscure radiatim
costulntis, columelld subcontortd, basi recedente, labro
subincrassato , rejiexo ; fused, infra suturas pallide
fa-matd, epidermide olivaceo-corneo indutd, columelld
labroqiw albis.
The allied Bulimus. Shell globosely ovate, very ven-
tricose, not umbilicated, whorls six in number, very
minutely granulated throughout, obscurely radiately
finely ribbed towards the apex, columella slightly
twisted, receding at the base, lip rather thickened,
reflected ; brown, with a pale band beneath the su-
tures, covered with an olive horny epidermis, lip and
columella white.
SowERBY, Conch. Illustrations, f. 102.
Had. Brazil.
Constantly distingiushed by its broad rudely swollen
form, and light band beneath the sutures.
Species 608. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus adoptus. Bui. testd subelongato-oblongd, cras-
siusculd, Ituud uhtbdiratd, anfraciibus quinque ad sex,
longitiidinaliter subrudi striatis, ad suturas subtiliter
plicato-creuulatis, columelld incrassatd, peculiariter
late depressd, aperturd ovatd, labro crassatim reflexo ;
olivaceo-fuscd, apicem versus pallide flammatd.
The adopted Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongately
oblong, rather thick, not umbilicated, whorls five to
six in nimiber, longitudinally somewhat rudely stri-
ated, finely plicately crenulated at the sutures, colu-
mella thickened, peculiarly broacUy depressed, aper-
ture ovate, lip thickly reflected ; oUve-brown, palely
flamed towards the apex.
Hab. Banks of the Orinoco.
Allied in form to B. Funckii, from which it may be
recognised by its colouring and pattern of light flames.
Species 609. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus caliginosus. Bid. testd oblongo-ovatd, haud
imbilicaid, anfractihus sex, oblique rude striatis, colu-
melld late reflexd, appressd, aperturd ovatd, labro sim-
plici; cinered vel albicanfe,ferrugineo-fusco irregula-
riter strigato-tinctd.
The darkened Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, not um-
bilicated, whorls six in number, obliquely rudely
striated, columella broadly reflected, appressed, aper-
ture ovate, lip simple ; ash-colour or whitish, irregu-
larly stained in a streaked manner with rusty brown.
Bab. — ?
There is little of character to distinguish this species,
although it is not referable to any hitherto described.
December, 1S49.
liu liiitu.s. FLlJIim.
w
#
4
A
G-3.!5.aiAetiit:iL
B B fcR.TOii
BULIMUS,
Plate LXXXII
Species 610. (Mus. Hamilton.)
BCLIMUS Hameltoni. But. testa, acuminato-turritd, tmi-
bilicaid, spires suturis profunde impressis, anfraclibus
septem, ad odo, subrotimdatis, rude pUcato-striatis,
aperturd parvd, columella labroque simplicibus ; sor-
dide alba, apice nihro.
Hamilton's Bulimus. Shell acuminately tiuTeted, uiiilji-
licated, sutiu'es of the spii'e deeply impressed, whorls
seven to eight in number, somewhat rounded, rudely
plicately striated, apertui-e smaU, lip and columella
simple ; dead white, apex red.
Hab. Near the Lake of Titicaca, Bolivia.
This interesting little species was collected by ]\Ir.
Pentland on the mountains in the envii'ons of the Lake of
Titicaca, which is 14,000 feet above the level of the sea.
It may be distinguished by its characteristic red apex.
Species 611. (Mus. Hamilton.)
Bulimus gibber. Bui. testa oblongo-turritd, siiiLifrali,
compresse umbilicatd, anfractihis septem ad octo, con-
vexiusculis, ruyoso-striatis, ad suturas subtiliter mar-
ffinatis, columella dilatatd, aperturd pared, labro imu-
lulum rejlexo ; laded.
The gibbous Bulimus. Shell oblong-turreted, sinistral,
compressly umbilicated, whorls seven to eight in
number, slightly convex, roughly striated, finely mar-
gined at the sutm-es, columella dilated, aperture
small, lip a little reflected ; cream-colour.
Krynicki, Bull. Moscow, vol. vi. p. 410. pi. 8. f 6.
Bul'mms revolutus, Ziegler.
Hab. European Tartary.
The first three species of this plate are somewhat en-
larged.
Species 613. (Mus. Belcher.)
Bulimus geegarius. Bid. testa cyUndraceo-tnrritd, com-
presse umbilicatd, anfraclibus octo, oblique impresso-
striatis, suturis impressis, columella verticaliter dila-
tatd, aperturd parvd, subtjuadrato-ocatd, labro sub-
reflexo ; pellucido-corned.
The ordinary Bulimus. Shell cylindrically turrctcd,
compressly umbilicated, whorls eight in number, ob-
liquely inipressly striated, sutures impressed, colu
mella vertically dilated, aperture small, somewhat
squarely ovate, lip a little refiected ; transparent
horny.
Adams and Reeve, MoU. Voy. Samarang, pi. xiii. f 13.
Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.
The obli(jue stri;i3 are extremely superficial, and the
shell is of a very thin horny substance.
Fig. 61.3. (Mus. Hamilton.)
This interesting shell, with a delicate purple-coloured
apertui-e, proves to be a variety of B. striyatus, Sp. 380.
For Sp. 613, see PI. LXXXV.
Species 614. (Mus. Hamilton.)
Bulimus Pentlandi. Bui. testd acuminato-ovatd, basi
snbiiijtatd, ri.v umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, irregulariter
null- istridtis, columelld reflexd, aperturd orbiculari-
oi-dli', liibrt) simplici ; sordide oUvaced, epidermide
uidntd.
Pentlanu's Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
inflated at the base, scarcely umbUicated, whorls six
in number, irregularly rudely striated, columella re-
flected, aperture orbicularly ovate, lip simple ; dull
olive, covered with an epidermis.
Hab. Near the Lake of Titicaca, Bolivia.
This and the B. rubricatus were the only species found
by Mr. Pentland on the mountains in the vicinity of the
Lake of Titicaca, at the same lofty elevation.
Species 615. (Mus. Taylor.)
Bulimus fucatus. Bui. testd acuminato-ovatd, basi
suboblique cffu-m, vix tmibilicatd, anfractibus sex, ob-
scure striatis, ad suturas subcrenulatis, columelld re-
flexd, aperturd ovatd, labro efj'uso, vix reflexo ; fusces-
cente, caruleo-nigricante, siibobscure strigato-tinctd,
columelld lahroque pallide roseis.
The dyed Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
obliquely eff'used at the base, scarcely umbilicated,
whorls six in number, obscurely striated, slightly
crenulated at the sutures, columella reflected, aper-
ture ovate, lip eff'used, scarcely reflected ; light brown.
, ISU).
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXXIII.
somewhat " obscurely stained with streaks of blue-
black, lip and columella pale rose.
Hub. Sebundoi, New Granada.
Distinguished by its elegantly effused growth. The
dark painting is somewliat obscui-e and has a mottled
appearance.
Species 616. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlMUS L.ETUS. Bill, testd acuminato-oblonyd, vix iivi-
bilicata, mifractibus sex, ItBvibus vel temclstriatis, colu-
mella rejlexd, appressd, aperturd ovatd, labro vix re-
flexd ; castanm-spadiced, zonulis duabm migiistm lutw-
albis cingidatd, columella labroque roseis.
The cheekpul Bultmus. Shell acuminately oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in number, smooth
or finely striated, columella reflected, appressed,
aperture ovate, lip scarcely reflected ; chestnut-fawn
colour, encircled by two narrow yellowish-white
zones, lip and columella rose-pink.
Hab. Sebundoi, New Granada.
From the same locality as the preceding speeies; and
very closely allied ; it diflers, however, in form. Mr.
Taylor has a specimen collected independently of this, of
exactly similar pattern and colour.
Species 617. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS occuLTUS. Bill, testd cylindraceo-fusiformi, basi
anguste compressd, subumbilicatd, mifractibus novem,
plano-convexis, ad suturas superficialiter canaliculatls,
aperturd quadrato-oblongd, tridentatd, labro teiiui,
effiiso ; pellucido-albd, ad umbilicmn alqtie pone labrum
nigricante-custaneo tinctd.
The concealed Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy fusi-
form, nanowly compressed at the base, slightly
umbUicated, whorls nine in number, flatly convex,
superficially channelled at the sutures, aperture
squarely oblong, three-toothed, lip thin, effused;
transparent white, stained with dark chestnut at
the umbilicus, and behind the lip.
IM. Brazil.
Allied in form and general aspect to B. Baldeusis, but
differing materially in the character of the aperture.
Species 618. (Mus. Taylor.)
Bulimus auiNauEDENTATUs. Bill, testd cj/liiidraced,
crassiusculd, basi compresse timbilicatd, anfractibus
octo, plano-convexis, oblique tenuistriatis, aperturd
parvd, coarctatd, quinque- vel sex-dentatd, labro plano-
incrassuto ; corneo-olivaced, dentibus labroque albis.
The five-toothed Bulimus. Shell cylindrical, rather
thick, base compressly umbilicated, whorls eight in
number, flatly convex, obliquely finely striated, aper-
ture small, contracted, five- or six-toothed, lip flatly
thickened ; horny olive, teeth and lip wliite.
Pfeiffek, Symbolse, vol. i. p. 84.
Ftipa quill qiiedentaia, Miihlfeldt.
Hab. Dalmatia.
A shell of rather solid cylindrical growth, with the
ajierture much contracted.
Species 619. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus pretiosus. Bui. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, com-
presse umbilieatd, anfractibus lavibus aut tenuistriatis,
columelld late verticaliter dilatatd, aperturd parvius-
culd, suborbiculari, labro tenue reflexd; pallide corned,
pellucidd, strigis opaco-nlbis mimerosis nndatd.
The precious Bulimus. Shell cylindricaUy ovate, com-
pressly umbilicated, whorls smooth or finely striated,
columella broadly vertically dilated, aperture rather
small, nearly orbicular, lip thinly reflected ; pale
horny, transparent, waved with numerous opake-
white streaks.
Cantor, MS.
Hab. Field of Chillianwalla, India (found on Mimosa
bushes on the banks of the Jhelum) ; Cantor.
An extremely delicate and interesting species, allied to
B. rnfistrigatus, from which it differs slightly in form, but
most distinctly in pattern. Mr. Benson, to whom it was
communicated by Dr. Cantor, informs me that it was col-
lected during the late campaign of the British army in
the Punjab, on the plain of Chillianwalla, the locality of
Lord Goudi's dearlv purchased victory.
JJu/rmu.s.Pl LIIIIV.
4
[All«<o,.dinftlvnu>uitc]
"Eteve ?«n1iiin. 4 ? ...ve iinf
R U L I M U S
I'LATE LXXXIV.
Species 593. (Mus. Adams.)
Uri.nus ocTONoiDEs. Bnl. testa subelongatd, spira
■siifiir/ti impresxis, iwfractibns septem, superne rotiindatis
et concentrice impresso-striatis, columella ienue reflexd,
aperlurd parvd, labro simplici ; pallide stramined,
diapjiand.
The octonoid Bulimus. Shell somewhat elongated,
sutures of the spire impressed, whorls seven in number,
rounded at the upper part and concentrically impressly
striated, columella thinly reflected, aperture small,
lip simple ; light straw-colour, diaphanous.
Adams, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1845, p. 12.
Hab. Jamaica.
Named to denote its general resemblance with the
B. octoi/iis, which is referred to AcJiat'ma.
I am indebted for eight of the species of this plate to
the kindness of Mr. C. B. Adams, Professor of Zoology,
&c., m Amherst College, Massachusetts. They were col-
lected during an excursion iu Jamaica, in company with
the Honourable Ma-. Chitty, Chaii-man of Quarter Sessions
in that Island, together with a number of interesting land
shells of other genera, which Mr. Adams is preparing for
pubhcatiou in a periodical pamplilet form, under the title
of ' Contributions to Coiichology.'
Species 620. (Mus. Adams.)
PuLiMUs TEREBELLA. Bill, testd mibuMd, anfractibds
ocio, coiivcxiiiscii/is, concentrice inipresso-driatis, colu-
mella tenne reflexd, aperturd parvd, labro simplici ;
sordide fuscescenle .
The little augur Bulimus. Shell subulate, whorls
eight in number, rather convex, concentrically im-
pressly striated, columella thinly reflected, apertiu-e
small, lip simple ; dull brownish.
Adams, MS.
Hab. Jamaica.
This is the most elongated form of the Jamaica type,
of light diaphanous growth, concentrically impressly stri-
ated. It is very minute, and, with the rest of the species
of this plate, considerably magnified.
Species 621. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Goodallii. Bui. testd conico-elontjatd, km
umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, couvexiusculis, lavibus,
roluwe/id siibronfor/ii, Iciiiu- ri'Jlf.n'i , iiiicrhirii parra,
labro simpUfl : pclliiciilii-i'driicii.
Goodall's BuLi.Mi s. Shell couiciilly rliniu.ited. scarcely
umbOicated, whorls seven iu nuniljcr, slightly convex,
smooth, columella somewhat twisted, thinly reflected,
aperture small, lip simple ; transparent horny.
Helix Goodallii, Miller, Ann. Phil. 1822, p. 381.
Bulimus Goodallii, Gray.
Helix {CocJilicella) rlrwulus, Ferussac.
Bulimus chwuUii us, Potic/, and Micliaud.
Buliuuis pumilus, Pfeitt'er.
Hab. West Indies.
This little species, being transported IVoni Jamaica, has
become partially naturalized in this country, and is in-
eluded by some authors in the British fauna. It is found
abundantly in the pine-pits at Bristol, especially on the
sides of the pots, where they are immersed in the deeavcd
bark.
Species 632. (Miis. Adams.)
Bulimus mirabilis. Bui. testd pp-amidali-couicd, an-
fractibus octo, rotiindatis, superne squamis grandibus
ereclis undiApie pecuUariter coronatis, columelld con-
to rtd, aperturd parvd, medio contracld; carneo-fus-
cescente.
The wonderful Bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical,
whorls eight in number, rounded, peculiarly coro-
nated throughout with large erect scales, columella
twisted, aperture small, contracted in the middle ;
light flesh-brown.
Adams, MS.
Hnb. Jamaica.
The whorls in this remarkable species are contracted iu
the middle, and the upper portion is prominently coronated
throughout with broad vaulted scales.
The three following Bulimi of Adams are numbered to
belong to AcJiatiua, under which genus the deseriptious
arc given at PL XXII.
Species 633. (Mus. Adams.)
Bulimus minimus. But. testd subulatd, spirce snturis
subiiupressis, anfractibus septem, subrotuudiilis, cun-
December, 1849.
BLJIJMUS— Plati; LXXXIV.
ci'utrice impresso-striatis, eolumelld tenue rejlexd, aper-
liirci paninsculd, labro simpUci ; pallide stramined.
The very small Bdlimus. Shell subulate, sutures of
the spii-e somewhat impressed, whorls seven in num-
ber, somewhat rounded, concentrically impressly stri-
ated, columella tliinly reflected, aperture rather small,
lip simple ; light straw-colour.
Adams, MS.
Hab. Jamaica.
It may be as well to repeat that all the species of this
plate are very considerably magnified. The B. minimus
under consideration, tlie smallest of the genus at present
known, is not half the size of a grain of corn.
Species 634. (Mus. Adams.)
BuLiMUs PAUPEECCLUs. Bul. testd acxmmat
anfradihns quinque, lavibus, superne vix impresso-
strtatis, columella tenue rejlexd, aperturd ovatd, labro
simplici ; sordide stramined.
The MEAN-LOOKING Bdlimus. SheU acuminately ob-
long, whorls five in number, smooth, slightly im-
pressly striated round the upper part, columella
thinly reflected, aperture ovate, lip simple ; duU
straw-colour.
Abams, MS.
Hab. Jamaica.
It may be observed that there is a great similarity in
the majority of these small Bulimi and Achalina from Ja-
maica. Though specifically distinct, they are but slight
modifications of one typical character, — a diaphanous shell
of more or less elongated convolution, with the whorls
concentrically impressly striated.
Species 625. (Mus. Benson.)
BULIMUS TUTULUS. Bul. testd conicd, basi latiusculd,
compresse umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, rotundatis, 7ni-
nutissime striatls, eolumelld late verticaliter dilataid,
callositate parvd supra, aperturd fere rotundd, labro
subrejlexo ; pallida castaned, subcorued, callositate
albd.
The LITTLE TUFT BuLiMUS. Shell conical, rather broad
at the base, comprcssly umbibcated, whorls sis in
number, rounded, very minutely striated, columella
broadly vertically dilated, with a small callosity above,
aperture nearly round, lip slightly reflected ; light
chestnut, somewhat horay, callosity white.
Benson, MS.
Hab. Humeerpore, Bmidelkhund, ludia ; Benson.
This interesting little species is well distinguished by
the broad convolution of the last whorl. Only two speci-
mens were found.
BuUmus Ft LinV.
■I
J4\
1'
G-B 8 lei et IKh.
BULIMUS.
Plate LXXXV.
Species 613. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS LiNOSTOMA. Bul. Irsid fiisifonui-ovatd, com-
presse umbiUcatd, teniiicuhJ. aiifnu-tUjus sex, leevibus,
vel sub lente minute stiia/ix, colvhiMd contortd, sub-
pUcatd et appressd, aperturd oblique dilatatd, labro
eff'uso ; albidd, fiammis ceerulescentibus et cinereis
orticdd, uperiiird vivide violaceo-piirpured.
The threaded Hulimus. Shell fusiformly ovate, com-
pressly umbilicated, rather thin, whorls six in number,
smooth, or nunutely striated beneath the lens, colu-
mella twisted, subplicate and appressed, apertm'e
obliquely dilated, lip efl'used ; whitish, ornamented
with bluish and ash flames, aperture deep violet-
purple.
Hab. Province of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
M. D'Orbigny notices having found this delicately-
coloured species in the woods of Santa Cruz, after rain,
upon the ground as well as upon trees and shrubs, but in
comparative scarcity.
Species 626. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLlJlus LlviDUS. But. testa acuminato-oblongd, teiiiii,
vi.v uiiiii/icaid, aiifractibns sex ad septem, snbrotunda-
tis, sub lente cfdirn.ur i,/ri.v>-.s/,-ii,/i,, col/nue/ld laiue
rejtexd, aperiind jiin-riiisnilii, Inhm xiuiiilin ,■ lirhjii-
olwaced, maciilix pcrpanris suliqinnlnitis ■■iiiliirutiunhits
infra siitiiras.
The LIVID BuLiMUS. SheU acuminately oblong, thin,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls six to seven in number,
somewhat rounded, very closely engraved with striie,
columella thinly reflected, a])erture rather small, lip
simple ; livid olive, with a few somewhat square
spots of a darker colour beneath the sutures.
Hab. Venezuela.
A thin shell, of a peculiar mottled livid colouring,
marked somewhat irregularly «ith square spots beneath
the sutures.
Species 627. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS Hachensis. Bul. testa acimiinato-ublongd, siib-
pyraniiduli, subumbilicatd, anfractibus septem ad octo,
couvexis, IcBvibus, nitidis, colmnelld tenue reflexd, ap-
pressd, aperturd parviusculd, labro simpUci : iiitiif
extnsqiie roseo-luted.
The IIacha Bulimus. Shell acuminately oblong, some-
what pyramidal, slightly umbilicated, whorls seven
to eight in number, convex, smooth, shining, colu-
mella thinly reflected, appressed, aperture rather
small, lip simple ; pinkish yellow within and without.
Hub. Banks of the llio Hacha, Guatemala.
.V delicate yellow shell, of a peculiarly pyramidal form.
Species 638. (Mus. Cuming.)
r>ULiMUs reflexus. Bul. testa attermato-ovatd, stib-
injlatd, tenui, pellucidd, anfractibus quinque ad sex,
planimculis, substriatis, columella tenui, imnim reflexd,
appressd, aperturd oblongd, labro sh.ijiln-i . [uitruR
corned, stricjis irregularibus castaneis, iiilcnlinii ramusis,
ornaid.
The reflected Bulimus. Shell attenuately ovate,
somewhat inflated, thiu, transparent, whorls Ave to
six in number, rather flat, slightly striated, columella
thin, but little reflected, appressed, aperture oblong,
lip simple ; pale horny, ornamented with chestnut
streaks, sometimes branched.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 187.
Ilab. Vicinity of Coquimbu (upon leaves of plants) ;
Cuming.
An extremely thin, horny, inflated shell, belonging to
the group of which B. Broderipii and eletjans are typical
examples.
Species 639. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus nucinus. Bul. testa oblotigo-ovatd, vix nmbi-
licatd, crassiusculd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, con-
vexis, minute granidusix, mlitini'Ud subincrassatiyn re-
flexd, appressd, aperturd m-nlil, hihro crasso, simplici ;
sordide alba, striyis perpanei'i rifo-fascis ornatd.
The nut-tree Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, scarcely
umbilicated, rather thick, whorls iive to six in
number, convex, minutely granuled, columella rather
thickly reflected, appressed, aperture ovate, lip thick,
simple ; dull white, ornamented with a few red-
brown streaks.
Hab. - — :^
February, IS.jO.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXXV.
A stout solid, (lull-whitish shell, marked with red-brown
longitudiufil streaks, having a finely granuled surface.
Distinct from B. granulosus, though agi'eeiug with it in
general aspect.
Species 630. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS B.4.LAN0IDES. Bul. testd cylindraceo-ovatu,, soli-
diusculd, apice obtusd, mifractibus sex, plano-convexis,
Ixvibus, columella incrassatd, reflexd, aperlurd parvi-
useuld, labro incrassato, reflexo ,• albidd, fasciis cas-
laneis duabus cingulatd, epidermide temd hydroplumu
indutd.
The date-like Bulimus. Shell cyliudrically ovate,
rather solid, obtuse at the apex, whorls sis in
number, flatly convex, smooth, columella thickened,
reflected, aperture rather small, lip thickened, re-
flected; whitish, encircled by two chestnut bands,
covered with a thin liydrophanous epidermis.
Jonas, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 188. Phil. Abbild. uud
Besch. Bul. pi. 6. f. 3.
Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines.
Of solid growth, allied in form to B. ovoideus.
Species 631. (Mus. Adams.)
Bulimus immaculatus. Bul. testa acumhiato-ovatd, vix
umbilicatd, mifractibus sex ad septem, planiusculis, sub
lente minute et creberrime inciso-siriatis, columella
tenue reflexd, appressd, aperturd ovatd, labro simpliei ;
palUde stramined, circa umbiUcum nitide rosed.
The unspotted Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
scai'cely umbilicated, whorls sis to seven in number,
rather flat, beneath the lens minutely and very closely
engraved with striie, columella thinly reflected, ap-
pressed, aperture ovate, Up simple ; pale straw-colour,
delicate rose about the umbilicus.
Adams, MSS.
Hab. Jamaica.
An interesting species, for wliich I am indebted to Mr.
Adams, of Jamaica, allied to B. stramineus, but of rather
stouter substance and more acuminated growth.
Species 633. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Bulimus stramineus. Bul. testd acuminato-ovatd, sub-
inflatd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, convexis, sub
lente minutissime et creberrime iuciso-striatk, columelld
reflexd, appressd, aperturd ovatd, labro vix reflexo ;
pellucido-stramined, suturis indistincte albimarffinatis,
apice nigro.
The straw-coloured Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate,
rather inflated, scarcely umbilicated, whorls six in
number, convex, beneath the lens veiy minutely and
closely engraved with striae, columella reflected, ap-
pressed, aperture ovate, lip slightly reflected ; trans-
parent straw-colour, sutures indistinctly edged with
white, apex black.
GuiLDiNG, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv. pt. 2. p. 3-iO.
Bulimus flavidus, Menke.
Hub. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies.
A more transparent shell than the preceding, and of
more inflated growth.
species 633. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus spretus. Bul. testd pyramidall-conicd, solidi-
usculd, anfractiius sex ad septem, plano-convexis, sub
lente minutissime decussafmi striatis, columella incras-
satd, aperturd parviusculd, labro vix reflexo ; pallidi
stramined, casfaneo-nigricante circa columellam et
aperturae marginem, epidermide tenui adustd basin
versus indutd.
The disregarded Bulimus. Shell pyramidally conical,
rather solid, whorls six to seven in number, flatly
convex, very minutely decussately striated beneath
the lens, columella thickened, aperture rather small,
lip slightly reflected ; pale straw-coloui-, chestnut
black round the umbilicus and edge of the aperture,
covered towai'ds the base with a thin burut-brov\u
epidermis.
Hab. Island of llomblon, Philippines ; Cuming.
This species, of which Mr. Cuming collected several
species, has been confounded with B. citicinnus, from
which it differs principally in being of a more truly conical
form.
Buliniiu.PlLIUn
4'
/I
^
m
G..B.S. iel et
5..B.« R.imp
B u L I :vi u s
Plate LXXYI.
Species 1)34. (Mus. Cuiuing.)
BuLim'S MONTANVS. Bui. testa oblongo-cylindraced,
tfiiuiculd, compresse undiilicatd, anfractibus septan,
obliqtte sttirude striatis et minut'mme granulatis, ad
suturas obscure cremdatis, colmielld verticali, sublate
dilatatd, aperlurd jiarvimculd, labro subreflexo ; pal-
lida castaiied, semipellucidd, suturis et apice aUidk.
The :vroVNTAiN Bulimus. Shell oblong-cyliudrical,
rather thin, compressly umbilicated, whorls seven in
number, obliquely somewhat rudely striated and
very minutely granulated, obscurely crenulated at the
sutures, columella vertical, rather broadly dilated,
aperture rather small, lip slightly reflected ; pale
chestnut, semitransparent, sutures and apex whitish.
DuAPARNAVD, Hist. Moll. p. 74. pi. 4. f. 23.
Bulimus Lackhamensis, Fleming.
IMi.r Larkknmemis, Montagu.
Bull,,!", v., ,/,.,,'/;, .TeftVeys.
Bill:. I Mirhaud.'
-H,-!,X i.:.rr,,.r:..^ Ml,,!.
Hab. Britain, Germany, France, Spain.
A minutely granulated, delicate brown shell, varying a
little in size in dift'orent localities.
Species G3.5. (Mus. Jletcalfe.)
Bulimus seductilis. Bui. testa oblongo-ri/lindraced,
sinistrali, compre.sse umbilicatd, anfractibus decent, pla-
iiiusculk, dense convolidis, columella verticali, dilatatd,
aperturd parvd, bidentatd ; corneo-albidd.
The remote Bulimus. Shell oblong-oylindrioal, si-
nistral, compressly umbilicated, whorls ten in number,
rather flattened, thickly convoluted, columella vertical,
dilated, aperture small, two-toothed ; horny-white.
Pfeiffer, Symbolse, vol. i. p. 85.
Fiipa seductilis, Ziegler.
Bulimus Kiw, Pfeift'er.
Hab. Dalmatia, Austria.
A small, cylindrical, sinistral shell, remarkably closely
convoluted.
Species 636. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Bulimus tbidens. Bui. testa oblonyd, compresse umbi-
licatd, utifractibus septem, planiuseulis, subtiliter stri-
atis, columella verticali, dilatatd, aperturd parvd, sub-
(puadratd, trideutatd, labro incrassato, subrejlexn ,• i:tjr-
neo-fuscd.
The three-tootiied Buli.mus. Shell oblong, compressly
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, rather flattened,
finely striated, columella vertical, dilated, apertm-e
small, somewhat square, three-toothed, lip thickened,
slightly reflected ; horny-brown.
Bruguiere, Enc. Mcth. vol. i. p. 350.
Helix tridens, Midler.
Turbo trident, Gmelin.
Pupa tridens, Draparnaud.
CJiondrus tridens, Cuvier.
Juminea tridens, Eisso.
Bulimus variedenlutus, Hartman.
Hab. Germany, France, Austria, Sardinia.
Of a less cylindrical form than the preceding, of fewer
whorls, and more horny substance.
Species 637. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus puellaris. Bui. testa acuminato-ovatd, tenui-
culd, subdiapJumd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, con-
vexis, lavibus, sub lente creberrime et mimitissime hi-
ciso-striatis, columelld tenue reflexd, aperturd ovatd,
labro simplici ; eximie alba.
TnE maiden Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
thin, somewhat diaphanous, scarcely umbihcated,
whorls si.\ in number, convex, smooth, beneath the
lens very closely and minutely engraved with stritc,
columella thinly reflected, aperture ovate, lip simple ;
delicate white.
Hab. Brazil.
An elegantly convoluted semitransparent shell, not
referable to any hitherto described species.
Species 638. (Mus. East India Company.)
Bulimus Harrisii. Bui. testdovatd, subventricosd, com-
presse umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, oblique creberrime
pUcato-striatis, suturis subimpressis, columelld late
dilatatd, verticali, aperturd suborbiculari, labro lim-
p/ici, ci.r refli'.iv ; sordl/le albd, nitente.
Harris's Bulimus. Shell ovate, somewhat ventricose,
compressly umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
obliquely very closely plicately -triatrd, ^uture-;
Fcbn
V, 1S50.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXXVI.
rather impressed, columella broadly dilated, vertical,
aperture nearly orbicular, lip simple, scarcely re-
flected ; duU white, sliining.
Hah. Ankobar, Abyssinia.
Dedicated, at the request of Mr. Benson, to whom I am
indebted for calling my attention to this shell in the
museum of the East India Company, to the memory of
its enterprising discoverer. Sir C. W. Harris.
Species 639. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs ixuTiLis. Bul. testd ovatd, tenuiculd, umbili-
catd, aiifractibus sex, subventrieom, rude fenuistriatis,
columella dilatatd, verticali, aperhird ovatd, labro
simpUci ; fuscescente.
The insignificant Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather thin,
umbOicated, whorls six in number, rather ventricose,
rudely finely striated, columella dilated, vertical,
aperture ovate, lip simple ; light brown.
Hnh. ?
There is little to characterize this species, of which
Mr. Cuming has several specimens, yet it is distinct from
any previously described.
Species 640. (Mus. East India Company.)
Bulimus eous. Bul. tedd cylindraceo-oblongd, obesiusculd,
compresse umiilicatd, anfractibus sex, couvexo-planis,
columella verticali, late dilatatd, aperturd suborbicu-
lari, productd, maiyinibus lamind conjunctis ; alba.
The eastern Bulimus. Shell cylindrically oblong,
rather stout, compressly umbilicated, whorls six in
numljer, convexly flattened, columella vertical, broadly
dilated, aperture nearly orbicidar, produced, margins
joined together by a lamina ; white.
Hab. Hindoostan.
Collected by Dr. Griffiths, and very closely allied to the
species named in honour of that gentleman represented at
Sp. 302.
Species 041. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bi:limus Guineensis. Bul. testdfusiformi-comcd, tenid,
vix umbiUcatd, anfractibus septem, subtilissime coucen-
trice striatis, striis peculiariter arcuatis, columelld
valde contortd, teiiuissime reflexd, aperturd parvius-
culd, labro simplici, supm-ne siuuato ; pallide vires-
cente-stramined.
The Guinea Bulimus. Shell fusiformly conical, thin,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, very
finely concentrically striated, stria3 peculiai-ly arched,
columella much twisted, very thinly reflected, aperture
rather small, lip simple, sinuated at the upper part ;
pale greenisii straw-colour.
Jonas, Phil. Abbild. and Besch. Conch, vol. i. p. 54. Bul.
pi. 1. f.4.
Hab. Guinea.
A very delicate, thin shell, chiefly remarkable for the
twisted growth of the columella, and for the smuated lip,
which causes the stria; to be formed in curves.
Species 643. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tepidulus. Bul. testd subpyramidali, com-
presse umbilicatd, anfractibus septem, convexis, lavibus,
suturis impressis, columelld verticali, aperturd pared,
labro simplici ; sordide alba, apicem versus fuscescente.
The cool Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyramidal, com-
pressly umbilicated, whorls seven in number, convex,
smooth, sutures impressed, columella vertical, aper-
ture small, lip simple ; dull white, light brown
towards the apex.
Hab. Canary Islands.
This does not agree with any of the species from the
Canary Islands described by Webb and Berthelot.
Species 643. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus confinis. Bul. testd ovatd, subventricosd, pro-
fanil? nuihilicald, ii/ifrac/ibus sex, rotnndati^, teuue
striatis, rolia.iclld liiti: dilatatd, subreflexd, aperturd
orbicidari, labro sin/plici; pellucido-corned, opnco-
albido variegatd.
The noKDERER Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
deeply umbilicated, whorls six in number, rounded,
tiucly striated, columella broadly dilated, a little re-
tlectcd, apert\u-e orbicular, lip simple ; transparent
horny, variegated with opake whitish.
Hab. Texas, United States.
The locality of this species may be regarded as about
the northern limit of the genus in the new world.
BitUmu.^. I' I LXLWIl
(
I
Sl|f
B U L I M U S.
Plate LXXXVII.
Species G44. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
BuLiMUS FOLLICULUS. Bill, testd abbreviato-cylindraced,
compreise mibiUcatd, apice acuminata, aiifractibus ro-
tundatis, tumidis, subtilmime costalis, suturis im-
pressis, columella verticall, dilatatd, apertnrd sub-
drcidari, marginibns lamina callosd conjunctis ,- corneo-
fuscescenk.
The wheat-husk Bulimus. Shell abbreviately cylin-
drical, compressly umbilicated, acuminated at the
apex, whorls rounded, swollen, very fiuely ribbed,
sutures impressed, columella vertical, dilated, aper-
ture nearly round, with the margins joined by a
callous lamina ; horny brown.
Pfeiffek, Symboloe, vol. iii. p. 83.
Cari/chiuiii coitatiiin, Hutton.
Hab. Bengal.
Partaking somewhat of the typical form of B. Gos-sei
of the West Indies.
Species 645. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Bulimus lubricus. Bid. tesld oblonga-ovatd, apice
obtusiusculd, anfractibus sex, convexis, Imibus, niten-
iibm, columella arcuatd, callosd, vix obsolete tnmcatd,
aperlurd pand, labro simpUci, tutus subincrassato ;
fuscescente, vitred.
The slippery Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
obtuse at the apex, whorls six in number, convex,
smooth, shining, colimiella arched, callous, slightly
obsoletely truncated, apertm-e small, lip simple, slightly
thickened within ; brownish, glassy.
Bruguiere, Enc. Meth. vol.i. p. 311. no. 23.
Helix lubrica, Midler.
Helix subcyrmdrica, Chemnitz.
Turbo glaber, Da Costa.
Achatina lubrica, Michaud.
Zua lubrica. Leach.
CioHelh, Inhri,;,, JefFi'eys.
CiiliiuUKi liiliricii, Jan.
Sfy/oii/,'.s lulji-iais, Fitzing.
Bulimus nitens, Schmidt.
Hab. Europe and the British Isles. Massachusetts,
North America ; Gould.
This is the most abnormal species of the genus, antl affects
a colder latitude by several degi-ees than any other. The
shell is distinguished liy its shiuing glassy composition and
by an inclination in the columella to be truncated, partaking
in these respects of the character of the small glassy
Acliatince. Dr. Gould describes having found it in gi-eat
abundance in the woods of Oak Island, Massachusetts,
after a warm October rain, clinging to the fallen leaves,
from which they disappeared as the moisture evaporated.
It inhabits the British Isles throughout, and has a wide
range in Spain, Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, France, and
Germany, reaching as far north as Sweden.
Species 046. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus Oparanus. Bui. testd subulatd, vix umbilicatd,
spins suturis impressis, anfractibus septem, rotundatis,
concentrice striatis, columella verticaliter tenue dila-
tatd, aperturd parvd, superne sinuald, labro simpUci ;
pellucido-vitred, stramined.
The Opara Bulimus. Shell subulate, scarcely umbUi-
cated, sutm-es of the spii-e impressed, whorls seven in
number, rounded, concentrically striated, columeUa
vertically thinly dilated, aperture small, sinuated at
the upper part, lip simple ; transparent glassy, straw-
colom'.
Pfeiffer, Pro.Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 34.
Hab. Island of Opara, Society group (at the roots of
plants) ; Cuming.
A thin, glassy, subulate shell, delicately concentrically
striated after the manner of those from .Jamaica repre-
sented in PI. 84.
Species 647. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Bulimus obscurus. Bui. testd oblongd, compresse umbi-
licatd, anfractibus septem, convexis, tumidiusculis, ob-
lique striatis, columella verticaliter dilatatd, aperturd
parvd, subquadrato-ovatd, obliqud, labro subeff'uso ;
castaneo-fuscd.
The obscure Bulimus. Shell oblong, compressly umbili-
cated, whorls seven in number, convex, rather swollen,
obliquely striated, columella vertically dilated, aper-
tm'e small, somewhat squarely ovate, oblii|ue, lip
rather effused ; chestnut-brown.
Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. p. 74. pi. 4. f. 33.
Helix obscura, Midler.
Bulimus hordeaceus, Bruguii^Tt.
February, 1850.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXXVII.
Turbo rupium. Da Costa.
Eiia obscnra. Leach.
Merd'ujtra obscnra. Held.
Hab. Europe and the British Isles.
Allied to B. montanm, from which it difl'ers in fori
and is uniformly of smaller size.
Species G48. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUS LINEARIS. Bul. testd subulatd, minute com-
presse unibiUcatd, anfractibus dec&n, plano-comexis,
atibUliasime arcuatim striatis, lined elevatd superne
marginatis, columella brevi, tenue reflexd, aperturd
parm, labro simplici ; peUucido-corned, strandned.
The lineae Bulimus. Shell subulate, minutely com-
pressly umbilicated, whorls ten in number, flatly
convex, very finely arcuately striated, margined round
the u])per part Avith a raised line, columella short,
thinly reflected, aperture small, lip simple ; transpa-
rent horny, straw-colour.
Kbauss, Sudafrik. MoU. p. 78. pi. 5. f. 3.
Hab. Port Natal, South Africa (near the river Limpopo) ;
Wahlberg.
A delicate glassy shell, in which the suture is distin-
guished throughout by a fine elevated ridge.
Fig. (i 19 proves to be a variety of B. subula, Sp. 49-i.
Species 650. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
BuLiMUS auADKiDENS. Bul. testd cyl'mdraceo-oblomjd,
ainistrali, compresse umbiUcaid, anfractibus octo, plano-
cmivexis, oblique striatis, aperturd subquadratd, quadri-
dentatd, columella labroque effusis ; oUvaceo-corned,
labro albido.
The four-toothed Bulimus. Shell cjdindrically ob-
long, sinistral, compressly umbilicated, whorls eight
in number, flatly convex, obliquely striated, aperture
somewhat square, four-toothed, lip and columella
effused ; olive horny, lip whitish.
Bruguieee, Enc. Meth. vol. i. p. 351. no. 9L
Helix quadridens, Midler.
Pupa quadridens, Draparnaud.
Chondrus quadridens, Cuvier.
Jaminia heterostrop/ia, Risso.
Gonodon quadridens. Held.
Torquitha quadridens, ViUa.
Hab. Prance, Switzerland, Italy, Spain.
This species partakes very much of the character of
Pupa, and may, with equal propriety, be referred to that
Species 651. (Mus. Benson.)
Bulimus Sikkimensis. Bul. testd ovatd, subinjlatd, spird
breviusculd, apice obtusd, anfractibus quatiwr, ultimo
multo maxima, concentrice tenue striatis, suiuris im-
pressis, columelld subcontortd, tenue reflexd, aperturd
oblongd, superne Uviter sinuatd ; pallide olivaced, serni-
pellucidd.
The Sikkim Bulimus. Shell ovate, somewhat inflated,
spire rather short, obtuse at the apex, whorls four in
number, the last much the largest, concentrically
finely striated, sutm-es impressed, columella slightly
twisted, thinly reflected, aperture oblong, slightly
sinuated at the upper part ; pale olive, semitrans-
parent.
Hab. Daijeeling, Sikkim-Himalaya.
An interesting species from the collection of Mr. Benson,
of a diflerent type from those inhabiting the western
Himalaya range.
Species C52. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus tukkifokmis. Bul. testd subulatd, subumbillcatd,
anfractihts octo, convexis, subtilissime concentrice stria-
tis, columelld tenue reflexd, aperturd pand, labro sim-
plici; pellucido-corned, stramined.
The tureeted Bulimus. Shell subulate, slightly um-
bilicated, whorls eight in number, convex, very finely
concentrically striated, columella thinly reflected,
aperture small, lip simple ; transparent horny, straw-
colour.
Kuauss, Sudafrik. Moll. p. 78. pi. 5. f 2.
Hab. Natal; Wahll)erg.
Very closely allied to B. Opar
Islands.
from the Society
Species 653. (Mus. Benson.)
BuLiJtus solitarius. Bul. testd globeso-conicd, umbili-
catd, anfractibus sex, rotundatis, oblique striatis, colu-
melld brevi, pariim dilatatd, aperturd suborbiculari,
labro simplici; albidd,fusco fasciatd ant variegatd.
The solitary Bulimus. Shell globosely conical, umbi-
licated, whorls six in number, rounded, obliquely
striated, columella short, but little dilated, aperture
nearly orbicular, lip simple ; whitish, banded or varie-
gated with brown.
Pfeifper, Symbolas, vol. ii. p. 123.
Helix solitarins, Poiret.
Helix conoidea, Draparnaud.
Bulimus conoideus, Jan.
Hab. Southern Europe.
The most troehilbrm of any species of the genus.
4
Baluaus,Pl IIIIVIII.
i
\
s
%
B U L I M U S
Plate LXXXVIII.
Species 65-1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Bdlimus EXiorrs. Bui. testa oblongd, compresse umbili-
catd, nnfmctihm qtilnjwe, suhrotimiatis, columeUd
verticaUter dilatatd, aperturd pared, rotuiidatd, labro
suhreflexo ; castaneo-corned.
The puny Bulimus. Shell oblong, compressly umbili-
cated, whorls five in number, somewhat rounded,
columella vertically dilated, apertm'e small, rouuded,
lip slightly reflected ; chestnut horny.
Hab. St. Domingo ; SaUe.
A little dark horny species, approaching somewhat in
general aspect to B. cceiiopicf/is of Hindoostan.
Species 655. (Mus. Belcher.)
BuLiMDS Meiacoshijiensis. Bid. testd subpyramidali-
oblontjd, vix mnbiUcatd, anfractibus decern, subangustk,
columeUd verticaUter rejlexd, aperturd rotunda ; pellu-
cido-corned.
The Meiacoshima Bulimus. Shell somewhat pyra-
midally oblong, scarcely umbilicated, whorls ten in
number, rather narrow, columella vertically reflected,
aperture rounded ; transparent horny.
Adams and Eeeve, Moll. Yoy. Samarang, PI. 14. f. 5.
Hab. Islands of Ty-pin-san and Koo-Kicn-san of the
Meiacoshima group, Yellow Sea.
A small thin horny species, found by Mr. Arthur Adams
on decayed leaves among the loose stones surrounding the
tombs in the above-named islands.
Species 056. (]Mus. Cuming.)
Bulimus concentkicus. Bui. testd subacuminato-oblongd,
vix umhilicatd, anfractibtis septetn, subventrioosis, con-
centrice tenuistriatis, columeUd tenue rejlexd, aperturd
subampld, superne sinuatd; pellucido-stramined.
The concentric Bulimus. Shell somewhat acumi-
nately oblong, scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven iu
number, rather ventricose, concentrically finely stri-
ated, columella thinly reflected, apertm-e rather large,
sinuated at the upper part ; transparent straw-colour.
Hab. Liberia, West Afiica.
An extremely delicate inflated species, of the Glandina
type, allied to B. Gidueenus.
Species 148. (JIus. Metcalfe.)
Bulimus Hennahi. Bui. testd acuminato-ovatd, wmbili-
catd, anfractibus sex ad septem, rotmulatis, rugoso-stri-
ati-s, columella rejlexd, aperturd ovatd, labro simplici ;
albidd, lirwis purpureo-nigricantibus longitudlnaliter
irregtdarit&r notatd, aperturts fauce purpHreo-nigri-
cante, apice roseo.
Hennah's Bulimus. Shell acuminately ovate, umbili-
cated, whorls sis to seven in number, rounded,
roughly striated, coliunella reflected, aperture ovate,
lip simple ; whitish, irregularly longitudinally marked
with pm-ple-black lines, apex pink.
Gkay, SpicUegia Zoologica, part 1. p. 5. pi. 5. f. 1.
Bulmius lychnorum, Sowerby.
Bulimics cactoruM, D'Orbiguy.
Kah. Pera.
To this species, wliich is extremely variable in colour,
must Ije added B.erubescens, mihi, Sp. 148, of w^hich it is
a variety.
Species 057. (Pig. a, b, c, Mus. Cumiug.)
Bulimus Salleanus. Bui. testd subulatd, solidiusculd,
anfractibus undecim, planulatis, concentrice tenuis-
sime striatis, columeUd reflixd, aperturd parvd, basi
suhjlexuosd, labro simplici ; albicante, epidermide tenui
indutd.
Salle Bulimus. Shell subidate, rather sohd, whorls
eleven in number, flattened, concentrically very finely
striated, columella reflected, apertm-e small, slightly
flexuous at the base, lip simple ; transparent white,
covered with a thin epidei-mis.
Hub. St. Domingo: Salic.
An interesting, sharply subulate, solid, ground species.
Species 658. (Mus. Miers.)
Bulimus contortuplicatus. Bui. testd oblongo-ovatd,
subventricosd, anfractibus quinque, convexis, nunutis-
siifii indentatis, columeUd subincrassatd, uniplicatd,
aperturd oblongo-ovatd, labro subincrassato, rejlexo ;
albidd, partim rosaced, epidermide tenui corned luteo-
olivaced indutd, apertura fauce albd.
The TVfisTED-PLAiTED BuLiMUS. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather ventricose, whorls five in number, convex.
February, 1850.
BULIMUS.— Plate LXXXVIII.
very minutely indented, columella rather thickened,
reflected ; wliitish, partially tinged with pink, covered
with a thin horny olive-yellow epidermis, interior of
the apertm-e white.
Hnb. Minas Geraes, Brazil ; Jlicrs.
This fine species is nearest allied to B. ptidicus, from
which the plicate growth of the columella difl'ers materially
in form ; whOst the shell is of a more oblong growth.
659. (Mus. Cumiug.)
BuLiMUS DoMiNicus. Bul. testa ovatd, tenui, inflatd,
anfractibus qjdnque, sub lente mimtissime decussatim
striatic, columella ienue rejlexd et appressd, aperturd
ovatd, labro simplici; peUucido-cor7ied, fascid castaned
interruptd cingulatd, anfractu tiUimo trifasciato.
The Domingo Bulimus. Shell ovate, thin, inflated,
whorls five in number, very minutely decussately
striated beneath the lens, columella thinly reflected
and appressed, aperture ovate, lip simple ; trans-
parent homy, encircled with au interrupted chestnut
band, last whorl three-banded.
Hab. St. Domingo; Salle.
Eesembling B. HimiMdtii, but much smaller and more
transparent, and of a difl'erent fonn.
Species 660. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMDs LiBEUiANUS. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, tumi-
diuscttld, compresse umbilicatd, apice obtusd, anfractibus
sex, convexis, ad suturas tenuimarginatis, oblique sub-
liliter et creberrime elevato-striatis, columeUd late ver-
ticaliter reflexd, aperturd oblique subquadratd : pellu-
cido-albd, immaculatd.
The Liberian Bulimus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
swollen, compressly umbUicated, obtuse at the apex,
whorls six in number, convex, thinly margined at the
sutures, obliquely finely and very closely sculptured
with raised striae, columella broadly rather vertically
reflected, aperture obliquely square-formed; trans-
parent white, unspotted.
Gould, MSS.
Hab. Liberia, West Africa.
This very interesting species belongs to the same type
as the Pupa graudis of the islands of Socotra and Mada-
gascar, and, bordering on the confines of the two genera,
may be referred with equal propriety to either.
Ji,ilii,ni.< Fl.lSiXIX
'■■■■\
4
1/'
i\%
B U L I M U S.
Plate LXXXIX.
Sp. 367. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMUs INTERSTINCTUS. Having been favoured
with finer specimens of this very interesting species, col-
lected by Dr. Perkins at Cape Palmas, West Africa, I avail
myself of the opportunity of figuring two characteristic
varieties.
Species 661. (Mus. Cuming.)
BuLiMLS Kellettii. Bui. testa ovatd, subventricosd,
attfractibus qidiique, C07ivexis, rugoso-striatis, ad suturas
nubplicato-cremdatis, anfractu ultimo multo maximo,
columella mcrassatd, pecuUariter contorld, aperturd
subej'usd, labro incrassato, rejlexo ; carulescente-grised
saturate quadrifasciatd, strigis angustis alhis inter-
ruptvi et undatis longitudinaliter fulguratd, columelld
et apertura fauce iridescerde-purpureis.
Kellett's Bulimus. Shell ovate, rather ventricose,
whorls five in number, convex, roughly striated,
somewhat plicately crenulated at the sutures, last
whorl much the largest, columella thickened, pecu-
liarly twisted, aperture rather efl:used, lip thickened,
reflected ; bluish-grey, encircled with four bands of a
darker colour, and longitudinally lightning-marked
with narrow waved and interrupted white streaks.
Hab. Ecuador?
1 have much pleasure in naming this new and very
beautiful species after the zealous naturalist, Capt. Kellett,
of H. M. S. Herald, by whom it was procured in Central
America, and is probably from Ecuador.
Species 212. (Mus. Miers.)
Bulimus ovatus. An interesting white-lip dwarf
variety, from Bahia, described by M. Sowerby in his ' Con-
chological Illustrations ' under the name B. auritus.
Species 662. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Cuming.)
BuLIJlus TOREIDUS. Bul. testd oblongo-tumidd, upice
subpapillari, anfractibits septeftn, convexis, oblique ele-
vato-striatk, ad sufuras subtiliter et creberrime cre-
nulatis, columelld simpUci, aperturd ovatd, labro
partim reflexo ; vstulato-fuscd, epidermide olmaced
indutd, apertura fauce inlense fused.
The torrid Bulimus. Shell oblong-tumid, somewhat
papQlary at the apex, whorls seven in number, convex,
obliquely elevately striated, finely and very closely
crenulated at the sutures, cohunella simple, aperture
ovate, lip but little reflected ; scorched-brown, covered
with an olive epidermis, interior of the aperture dark
brown.
Gould, MSS.
Hab. Liberia, West Afiica.
The African species received from Dr. Gould, of !
United States, just at the close of this monograph, will
probably be described, if not so akeady, in the Proceedings
of the Natm-al History Society of that city. They are
of an extremely interesting character, and were collected
by Dr. George A. Perkins, a zealous American missionary,
for many years resident at Cape Palmas.
February, 1S.50.
BULIMUS.
Plats.
abbrevialus, Jan LIX.
Abyssinicus, Ruppdl XLVI.
abyssorum, D'Orb XXXVI.
Achatinaceus, Pfr LXVII.
Achatinoides, Ziegler L.
acumiuatus {Helix), Sow. ... XL
acutus (Helix), MuUer LXVI.
Adamsii, Reeve XIII.
Adamsoni, Grai/ XXVI.
Adansoui, F/?- L.
adoptus, Reeve LXXXII.
^gle, Brod X.
ai/otiit, Menke LIV.
affinis, Brod XXIII.
Al'ricanus, Reeve L.
albatus (Helix), Fer LI.
Alderti, Brod V.
albicans, Brod XXII.
albizonatus, Reeve LXXXI.
albus. Sow XIII.
Alepi (Helix), Ferussac LX.
Alto-Pcruvianus, Reeve LXXII.
alternans, Beck XXIII.
alutaceus, Reeve LXXII.
arabustus. Reeve LXXIV.
Andicola, P/r LV.
angiostoma, Wagner XLVIII.
Angosturensk, Gruner XLVII.
Angosturensis, Gruner LIX.
angulatus, Wagn XL.
Antoui, Pfr LXXX.
aplomorphus, Jonnn X.
apodemetes, D'Orb XXII.
appendiculaius, P. & M LXVI.
aquilus, Reeve XXII.
arcuatus, Pfr LXVII.
articulatus, Turton LXLV.
astrapoides, Jonas XXXI.
atomatus, Gray XXX.
atrapoides, Jonas XXIV.
atricallosus, Gould XXXI.
399
313
470
327
60
467
73
165
327
608
49
357
154
330
333
22
141
604
75
413
521
152
522
535
364
312
307
402
248
589
47
142
465
138
478
444
189
184
157
Plale.
anratu,s, Pfr LI.
aureus, Swainson XXIX.
auripigmentum, Reeve XXIX.
auriim. Sow XXXVI.
auris-bovina (Auric), Lam. . XXX.
auris-leporis (Auric.), Lam. . . XLI.
am-is-Midse, Chemn XXVIII.
auris-muris (Helix), Mor. . . . XLI.
auris-Sileni, Born. XXV.
auris-vulpina, CJiemn XXX.
BabauMi, Anton LXIII.
bacteriouides, D'Orb LXVIII.
badiosa (Helu), Fer LXVI.
badius, Soto XXXIX.
baeticatus (Helix), Fer LXX.
Baliieusis, Moric LXIV.
Bairdii, Reeve XLIII.
balanoidos, Jonas LXXXV.
Bamhouclia, W. & B LXIX.
barbarus (Helix), Linn LXXV.
Bechianus, Pfr LXVIII.
beUulus, Jonas XXIV.
Bengalensis, Lam XLV.
Benguelensis, Pfr XLVI.
Bensoni, Reeve LXXVIIl.
Bergeri, Pfr LXVIII.
Bertheloti, ib LXXV.
bicinctus, Eecluz LI.
bicolor, SoiB XLIV.
bidens, Krynicki LXVI.
bicoloratus, Lea V.
btfasciatus, Philippi XXX.
bilabiatus, Brod. ^ Sow XXXIII.
bifulguratus, Reeve LXXXII.
bilineatus, Soxo XXI.
bivittatus, Sow LXXXI.
Blainvilleanus, Pfr XXV.
Boliolensis, Brod VIII.
Boissieri, Moric LXIV.
Bolivianus, Pfr XLFV.
Bolivianus, Pfr LXXXI.
335
187
178
212
LS5
259
170
261
164
180
431
482
469
235
505
442
272
630
493
539
480
160
298
571
4S9
541
333
276
465
22
182
201
606
132
597
161
37
449
281
599
INDEX.
Plate. Species.
Boiitia; {Helix), Chemu XLVIII. 315
Boysiamis, 5c«w^^ LXXVIII. 575
breviculus, P//- XII. 65
Bridgesii, P/>- XIX. 117
Broderipii, Soic XM. 97
Bronni, Pfr XXXVI. 212
buDuIa, Brod XII. 68
Burchellii, Gray LXXA'I. 548
BmcMi, Pfr XIX. 112
Cacticolus, Reeve LVIII. 393
cactivorus, Brod XVIIl. 103
cactorum, D'Orb LXXXVIII. 148
calcareus, Brug LII. 344
calcareus (Eelix), Born LII. 342
calcareus, Parreyss LXVI. 464
C^edomcus, Petit XXV. 163
Californicus, Beeve LVI. 378
caliginosus, Beeve LXXXII. 609
CaUsta, Brod VIII. 38
caloba.ptus, Jonas IX. 43
calvus, Soio XX. 126
Calypso, .BrofZ VII. 31
eamelopardalis, Brod VIII. 36
canaUculatus, P/r XLI. 256
caiidelaris, Pfr LX. 408
Cmdmarensis, Pfr LX. 468
caiitatus, TJeew LVII. 375
Cantorii, PJiilippi LX. 404
Capueiru, Spix XLVIII. 3 1 2
Caraccasensis, Beeve LXXIX. 5 SO
Caribbeorim, Lam XLIX. 320
Caripemis, Val XXVIII. 171
carneus, Pfr LX. 409
castaneus, P/)- XXXIL 197
castrensis, Pfr LIX. 396
castus, Pfr XLV. 282
Catheariice, Eeeve XLII. 265
ceratinus, Benson LXXVIII. 569
cereus, Beeve L-\X. 501
cerussatus, Beeve lAXIV. 536
Ceylanicus, P/)- XLIII. 274
Chersouesieus, Soto LXXVIII. 576
CWetisis, Brod XV. 87
Chilensis, Lesson XVII. 102
Chimborasensis, Beeve XLIV. 275
cliloris, Beece XXXVIII. 223
clirysalidiformis, Sow IV. 16
chrysalis, P/>- LVIII. 382
cincinniformis {Helix), Sow. . V[. 28
ciiicinnus, &?(; VII. 30
Plate. Species.
cinctus. Jay XXIX. 179
cinereus, B^eve LVI. 372
einnamomeo-lineatus, i/o^'ic . . XL VI. 293
citrino-vitreus, Moric XLVI. 290
citrinus, Brug XXXI. 187
aausiliaformis, Menke LXVI. 465
Clausilioides, Beeve LXXIII. 523
clava, Beeve LXX. 500
clavator, Petit LII. 345
clavulinus, Polie: LXXX. 595
clavuliniis, Pot. & Mich LXXXIV. 621
coagulatus, Reeve LXXVII. 558
coarctatus, Pfr XLI. 260
cochleades, Pfr XIV. 82
coelebs, Benson XLVII. 301
ccenopictus {Pupa), Hutton . LXIX. 492
CoUim, llichaud LXXXVI. 634
coloratus, Nyst XXIV. 155
columella, Philippi LXX. 502
columellaris, Beeve LXXIII. 528
compactus, Frivaldsky LXXV, 546
coucentricus, Beeve LXXXVIII. 656
coiicinnus {Helix), Sow X. 52
confiiiis, Beeve LXXXVI. 643
confusus, Beeve XLVIII. 316
coniformis, Pfr LXV. 451
connivens, Reeve LVIII. 388
conoideus, Jan LXXXVII. 653
conspersus. Sow XXII. 137
constrictus, Pfr LIX. 402
contiguus, Pww LXXIX. 582
coutortuplicatus, Beeve LXXXA'III. 658
contusus, lleeve XXXVII. 220
conulus, Peeve LXXVIII. 577
Coc^uimbensis, Soie XVI. 95
Cora, D'Orb XVII. 100
corueus, Sow XXI. 134
Cornells, Menke LXX. 505
corouatus, Pfr LXIV. 447
corrnyatus. King XVII. 101
Cosensis, Beeve LXVII. 474
costatus, Pfr LXV. 450
Costerii, Eydoux XL 55
costulatm, Pot. & Mich LXX. 512
cotm-nis, Soir XIX. 115
Coxeiranus, Mor ; . . . . XLIV. 279
crassilabris, Gray XXXVII. 221
crepundia, B'Orhiymj XLVII. 300
Cretensis, Pfr LXVI. 466
Criehtoni, Brod XXXIX. 240
Plate.
crystallinus, Reeve XXXII.
culmiueus, B'Orb LIV.
Cumingii, Pfr Xll.
cunctator, Reeve LXXVL
Curianensis, Reeve LVIII.
ciirtus, Kocli XXIII.
Cuyocnsis, Pfr IX.
Cuzcoensis, Reeve LXXI.
cyclostoma, Reeve LXV.
cyliudricus, Gi-ai/ LXIV.
a/Hiidricus, Menke LXI.
cymatilis, Reeve LXI.
dactylus, Brod. VIII.
Dapliuis (Helix), Brod II.
Dardanus, Friv LXI.
Darwinii, Pfr XXI.
dealbatus, Sa^ LXV.
deceptus, Reeve LXV III.
decoUatus {Helix), Liim. . . . LI.
decoloratus, Soic XXI.
dccoratm. Lea XLIV.
decortieatus, Reeve LXXX.
decussatus, Reeve LXXII.
delumbis. Reeve LXXVI.
demotus, Reeve LIV.
Denuisoni, Reeve XXVI.
dentatus, King XXXVIII.
depstus, Reeve LXXIII.
depictus, Reeve LXXIV.
derelictus, Brod XXIII.
Deshayesii, Pfr XL.
detritus {Helix), MuU LIX.
Diaua, Brod. VIII.
digitale, Reeve XLVII.
dilatatus, Pfr XII.
discrepans, Sow XXIII.
distortus, Briig LIV.
Dombeyauus {Helix), Per. „ . XXX.
Dominicus, Reeve LXXXVIIl.
D'Orbigdi, Pfr XXII.
Downesii, Gray XXIX.
Draparnaudi, Pfr XIX.
Dryas, Brod. IX.
dubiosus. Jay XL.
Dufresnii, Leach XXXVII.
Dunkeri, Pfr LXXIV.
durus, Sj)ix XL.
Dussumieri, ? LXV.
Dysoni, Pfr LXII.
eburneus, Pfr LXI.
19-i
360
61
554.
390
151
43
514
459
444
421
431
423
136
455
488
334
128
275
593
519
555
354
166
333
534
529
151
250
399
40
308
69
145
353
186
659
143
177
116
45
349
319
533
253
457
435
41S
Plate.
effeminatus, Reeve LI.
effusus, Pfr XII.
egregius, Pfr XXXIV.
Ehrenbergi, Pfr LX.
electricus, Reeve V.
electrum, Reeve LVI.
elegans {Siiccinea), Pfr XIX.
elongatulus, Pfr XIV.
emargiuaiuB, Deshayes LXIII.
eous, Reeve LXXXVI.
erectus, Reeve LVIII.
eremita, Benson LXXVIII.
erosus, Brod XXII.
erubescens, Pfr LVII.
erytlu-ostoma, Soto XIII.
escliariferus, Sow XX.
Euboious, Reeve LXXIX.
euryomphalus, ■lona^ LIV.
euryzomis, Pfr XI.
evaneseens, Brod XIII.
exesus {Clau.), Spix XXXVIII.
exiguus, Reeve LXXXVIIL
exilis, G^meliu XLVI.
e.vimius, Eeeve XXIX.
exornatus, Reeve LXXVII.
fabrefactus, Reeve XLIX.
fasciolatus, Oliv LXI.
Faunus (Helix), Brod III.
Favannii, Lam XXIX.
fenestratus, Pfr XXXVI.
feriatus, Reeve XLVIII.
ferrugiueus, Reeve LXII.
Ferussaci, Bunker LXIV.
fibratus, Martyn XXVIII.
iictilis, Brod IX.
iidustus. Reeve LXXVI.
flammeus (HeVa), Mull LIII.
fociUatm, Eeeve XXXVI.
foUiculus, Pfr LXXXVII.
formosus, Gray LXIV.
Forskalii, Beck LXI.
foveolatus, Reeve LXXIII.
fragilis, Parreyss LXXVII.
fragosus (Helix), Fe'r LXIV,
frater, Per VI.
fi-aterciilus (Helix), Fer LXIII.
Frivaldskyi, Pfr LXXV.
fucatus, Reeve LXXXIII.
fulgetrum, Brod V.
fulgiu'atus, Jay XXIX.
64
305
411
31
373
113
80
431
640
393
573
140
381
73
121
584
356
337
654
392
175
560
319
415
13
179
314
314
434
141
170
44
557
353
311
(i44
448
419
536
473
446
35
438
545
615
33
fulguratus, Val XXXIV.
fulmiuans, Nyst XXIV.
fidvicans, Pfr XXXIX.
Funckii, Nyd XXVIII.
fuscagula, D'Orbigny XLVII.
fusiformis, Menke LXI.
fusiformis {Helix), Rang .... XL.
fusoicles, D'Orb XVIII.
GaUottil, Nyst XXXVII.
gaUina-sultana, Ja« XXXII.
gastrum, Ehrenberg LXXV.
geUdus, Reeve LXXVI.
geometricus, Pfr XLIV.
gibber, Krynicki LXXXIII.
Gibbouius, Lea XXXII.
gilvus, Soto II.
glaber, Gmelin LFV.
glaudilbrmis, Lea XLII.
glomeratus, Reeve LXXX.
goniostoma {Helix), Ft'r XXXIV.
Goodallii {Helix), MUer .... LXXXIV.
Gossei, Pfr LXVI.
GouJoti, Petit XXXVII.
gracilis, HuUon LXIX.
gi'aciUiraus, Pfr LXXX.
Granadensis, Pfr XXXIX.
granulosns, Brod XVII.
granulosus {Helix), Eang . . . XXXV.
Grateloupi, Pfr XIV.
Gravesii, King XVII.
Grayanus, Pfr XXXVIII.
gregarius, Adams §• Reeve . . . LXXXIII.
Griffithsii, Benson XLVII.
Gruneri, Pfr LI.
Guadaloupeusis, Brug XLVI.
Guerini, Pfr XXXII.
Guildingii, Pfr LXIV.
Guimarasensis, Brod VI.
Guineensis, Jonas LXXXVI.
guttatus, Brod XXII.
Hachensis, Reeve LXXXV.
luBmastoma, Scop XXXV.
kalepensis, Pfr LX.
Hamiltoni, Reeve LXXXIII.
Hanleyi, Pfr XXX.
haplostylus, Pfr LII.
harpa, Pfr LXXX.
harpa, Pfr LXXX.
Harrisii, Reeve LXXXVI.
Hartwcgii, Pfr XXIX.
304
160
241
171
305
430
249
106
217
198
538
553
7
357
266
591
206
621
462
218
495
594
234
102
309
81
101
239
612
302
332
294
193
445
24
641
144
637
310
413
610
181
341
596
596
638
176
Plate.
Hegewischi, Pfr LXX.
Helena, Quoy XLVII.
Hennahi, Gray XXIIL, LXXXVIII.
heterotrichus, Mur XXXII.
Hindsii, Pfr VII.
Hohenackeri, Kryn LXI.
holostoma, Pfr LXIX.
Hondui-asanus, Pfr LIX.
hordeaceus, Brug LXXXVII.
Huascensis, Reeve XXIII.
Humboldtii, Reeve LVIII.
kyalinus, Wagn XXX.
hjbridus, Gould XXXIV.
liyemaius, Reeve XLIX.
hygrohylseus, B'Orb XXXVI.
ignavus, Reeve LXXVII.
miieocola, Mor XXXIII.
immaculatus, Adams LXXXV.
imperator, Pfr XXX.
impressus, Reeve LXVIII.
Inca, D'Orb LIII.
incomptus {Helix), Sow XI.
Indicus, Pfr LXIX.
indutus, Menke XV.
iuflalus, Brod XIX.
iiiflatm, Spix XXXIX.
iuflatus, Lamarck LXX.
infrafasciatus, Goidd LXXVI.
inglorius, Reeve LV.
interstinctus, Gould . . . LV., LXXXIX.
inutilis, Reeve LXXXVI.
iostoma. Sow XV.
in-egularis, Pfr LXV.
irroratus, Reeve LXII.
iiiterrupius, Brug XXXI.
inversus, Brug XXXI.
Jacobi, So^o XXI.
Jamaicensis, Reeve LXX.
Janeirensis, Sow XXXVIII.
Jayanus, Lea XXXVII.
JeuHoti, Terver. LXXV.
Jerdoni, Benson XLVI.
Jouasi, Pfr LV.
juglans, Pfr III.
Jussieui, Fal XXXIX.
Kambenl, Brug L.
Kellettii, Reeve LXXXIX.
Kieneri, Pfr LXVI.
Kingii, Gray LI.
Knorri, Pfr XLIII.
Species.
508
148
199
33
416
490
400
647
147
391
182
305
334
215
562
203
631
183
483
349
53
495
86
111
236
512
550
368
367
639
88
454
437
187
187
135
503
326
230
539
297
363
12
243
327
661
463
Kordofanus, Parreyss L. 327
Ki-aussi, Ffr....'. LXIII. 436
Knmnokus, D'Orb LI. 337
Kunawurensis, Htitton LXII. 436
labeo, Brod XXXV., LXXL, LXXII. 207
labiatus, Ziegler LXIII. 431
labiosus {Helk), MuU LX. 412
labrosus, OUv LX. 410
Lackhametms, Fleming LXXXVI. 634
lactams, Menke XXXVII. 217
lacunosus, D'Orb XXXV. 208
Iffitus, Reeve LXXXIII. 016
tevus {Hdix), Midi XXXVII. 216
lagotis, Menke XLI. 259
Lamarckianus, Ffr XXIV. 156
Largilliertii, PhiUppi LIII. 346
larvatus, Brod IX. 44
latebricola, Be/mn LXXX. 572
lateralis, Menke XLI. 358
latii-eflexus, Eeeve LXXVIIl. 568
Lattrei, P/r XXXVI. 211
Laureutii, Sow XX. 119
Leai, P/r XII. 66
lemniscatus, Des/t XVIII. 105
leopardus, P/r X. 51
leptocheilus, Pfr XXXI. 1 89
leucodon, Ffr LXIII. 432
leucophfBus {Helix), Sow. . . X. 50
Liberianus, Reeve LXXXVIII. 660
lichenorum, D'Orb XIV. S3
lignarius, Pfr I. 3
Ulaciuus, Reeve LXXIV. 532
liliaceus, Guildim/ XLV. 287
Limensis, Reeve LXXVII. 563
liraonoicus, D'Orb LVI. 371
Lindeni, Reeve XXXI. 189
linearis, Kraim LXXXVII. 648
lineatus, Eossmassler LXI. 420
lineatus, Spix LXII. 428
linostoma, D'Orb LXXXV. 613
Uquabais, Reeve LVII. 387
lita, Desh XXXIX. 236
lithoicus, D'Orb. '■ XVII. 98
lituratus, Spix XLIX. 331
Htus (Helix), Fer XLIX. 331
Uvescens, Br XLVII. 304
lividus. Reeve LXXXV. 626
Lobbii, Reeve LXXL 516
loeveni, Pfr XXIV. 160
Loewii, P//ilij)pi LXVIL 477
Plate. Species.
Loxensis, P/>- XL. 251
lucidus. Reeve XL. 345
lubricus (Helix), Midler .... LXXXVII. 645
iHlens, Ziegler LIX. 399
Luzonieus, Sow XL 55
Lycicus, Pfr LX. 407
Lymnoides, Lamarck LXX. 510
Lyonnetianus (£(??/,(■), Pallas . XLI. 257
macdentus. Reeve LXXLX. 586
macrostoma, Pfr I. 1
macidatus. Lea XLVIII. 309
maculiferus, Brod VI. 26
magnificus, Grat XXXIII. 202
magus, Wagner XLIX. 321
malleatus. Jay XXIX. 174
Manoelii {Helix), Mor XLVIII. 311
mauupictus, Reeve LV- 369
maritimus, Spix LII. 343
marmarinus, D'Orb XLI. 355
mnrmoratus,V\u\. XXIV. 157
Martinicensis, Pfr LXIII. 434
mavortius. Reeve LXXVII. 5G1
maximus. Sow LI. . 337
Meiacoshimensis, ^4rf. 1^ iJwM LXXXVIII. 655
melanocliedus, Nijst XXVIII. 172
vielauorhinus, Jan LIX. 399
melanostoma, Swain XXXIII. 203
melo, Quoy XXXIX. 243
membranaceus, Phil LXXV. 544
Menkei, Gruiier XLV. 285
Merduenianus, Kryii LXVIL 473
Meridanus, Pfr LVII. 386
meridionaHs, Pfr LVI. 370
Mexicauus, Imm XL. 244
Mexicanns,\vA LVIII. 391
miera, D'Orb XIV. 78
micra, 2>'0/-* LXXIX. 579
Miersii, Sow XXXIX. 239
Mdleri, Sow XXVIII. 169
miltochedus. Reeve XLIX. 323
Mimosarum, D'Orb LXVIII. 484
Mindoroensis, Brod IV. 15
minimus, Jdams LXXXIV. 623
mirabdis, Adams LXXXIV. 622
modestus, .Srorf XVIIL 109
modestus. Sow XII. 62
moUioellus, Reeve LXXVII. 565
momlifer, P//- XLVIIL 31s
mouiiifcrus, Gould XIII. 73
monozuuus, Pfr XXXII. 195
Plate. Species.
Montagnei, B'Orb XXIII. 146
montanus, Drap LXXXVI. 63-t
Montacuti, Jeffreys LXXXVI. 634
Monte- Vidensis, Pfr XIX. 114
montivagus, B'Orb LXVII. 475
Moricandi, Pfr XLV. 283
Moritzianus, Pfr XXV. ] 63
Mozambicensis, Pfr LVIII. 328
nmliebris, Reeve LXXXI. 598
multicolor (.Helix), Rang .... XXXIX. 238
multifasciatus, Lam XLVI. 295
murrinus, Reeve XLIII. 273
mus, Brod II. 10
rmdabilis, Brod XVII. lOU
mutilatus, Reeve LI. 331
myristicus, Reeve LXXII. 520
nanus, Reeve LXXIX. 583
Natalensis, Krauss LXII. 430
navicula (^Helix), Wagn XLI. 258
neglectus, Pfr LVI. 376
neuricus, Reeve LXXVI. 550
nigrofasciatus, Pfr LV. 379
nigropileatus, Reeve LXXIII. 525
nigrilineatus, Reeve LXXVII. 567
NUagaricus, Pfr XLVI. 391
nimbosus, Brod IV. 1 7
Nm, Pfr LXXVI. 635
niteHnus, Reeve LIX. 398
nitens, Schmidt LXXXVII. 645
nitidulus, P/r LXXX. 588
nitidus, Brod XVIII. 103
nivicola, Benson LXIX. 496
nobilis, Reeve V. 20
noctivagus, PaiTeyss LXVII. 471
nucinus, Reeve LXXXV. 629
nucleus, Sow XVII. 99
Numidicus, Reeve LIII. 351
m\,Brod XXIII. 150
Nympha, Pfr VIII. 41
obeUscus (Helix), Mor LII. 343
obesatus {Helix), Ferussac . . LXX. 504
oblitus, Eeeve LVI. 376
obliquus, Reeve LXXVI. 551
oblongus {Helix), MuU XXXV. 210
obscurus {Helix), MuU LXXXVII. 647
obsoletus, Ziegler LXI. 420
obtusatus (SeZw;, Gmel. . . . LII. 344
obtusus fPupa), I)ia\^ LXXIX. 583
occultus, Reeve LXXXIII. 617
octonoides, Adams LXXXIV. 593
Plate.
octonoides, D'Orb LXIX.
odontostoma (Pupa), Gray . . XXXVIII.
oUvaceus, Pfr LXVII.
OHvieri, Pfr LI.
olorinus, Duclos XIII.
onager, Beck XLV.
onca, D'Orb XVIII.
onyx, Broderip V.
opalinus, Sow LVIII.
Oparanus, Pfr LXXXVII.
Orbignii, Pfr LXIII.
Oreades, B'Orbirjmj XL VIII.
ornatus, Huttou LXVII.
oryza, Brng LXVIII.
ovatus {Helix), Mull. . XXXVI., LXXXIX.
ovoideus, Brug XL
ovulum. Reeve LXXVI.
pacliyclieilus, Pfr XV.
palaceus, Buscli XXXI.
paUens, Jonas LXII.
pallidior, Sote LV.
Panamensis, Brod XIII.
Panayeusis, Pfr XIV.
Pantagruelinus, Mor XXXVIII.
papyraceus {Helix), Mawe . XXXIX.
paradoxus, Pfr IX.
pardaUs, Per XXIV.
Pai-tuloides, Brod XI.
patricius. Reeve LXXXI.
pauperculus, Adams LXXXIV.
Pazianus, D'Orb LVI.
peUucidus, Pfr LXVIII.
pempbigodes, Jonas LXV.
Pentlandi, Reeve LXXXIII.
perdis, Pfr LIV.
perplexHS, Sow XXXI.
perspectivus, Pfr LXIII.
Peruvianus, Brug XVII.
pessidatus, Reeve XXIII.
Petiti, P/)-. XXXVI l.
Pfeifferianus, Reeve lA'.
pliasianellus, Val XV.
PLQippinensis, Pfr I.
PhiUppii, Pfr XXII.
phlogerus, D'Orb XXVII.
pictor, Brod IV.
Physoides, Menke LXX.
2)iclnrala, pLTUSsac XLVI.
pintadimis, D'Orb XLll.
pipcratus, Sow XVI.
494
228
479
339
75
284
108
394
646
439
313
478
480
212
56
556
87
187
i23
365
70
76
230
236
45
157
54
600
634
377
487
453
614
355
191
435
101
153
143
168
19
507
INDEX.
vu
planidens, Mich XXXI.
plectostylus, Pfr XLII.
poeoilus, D'Orb XVI.
politus, Reeve XIII.
polygyratus, Reeve LXXIX.
Popelairianus, Nyst XXXIV.
porpliyrius, Pfr XV.
porraceus, Jay IX.
Powisianus, Petit XXVII.
praetextus, Reeve LXXI.
pretiosus, Cantor LXXXIII.
primula, Reeve LVII.
primularis, Reeve ... LXXIII.
princeps. Sow XV.
procerus, Adams LXIX.
Proteus, Brod XVII.
proximus, Sow LXXXII.
pruiuosus, SoiB XX.
pseudo-Succinea {Helix), Mor. LXII.
"pubesceus, Mor LXIII.
pudicus {Helix), Linn XXXI.
pulchellus, Brod. XVIII.
pueUaris, Reeve LXXXVI.
pulicarius, Reeve XLII.
pullus, Grai/ LXVII.
pulveruleutus, Pfr XXXLX.
punctatus, Anton LXV.
punctidatissimus {Clau.), Less. XXXVIII.
puuctuJifer, Soio XVI.
pupa {Helix), Linn LXIII.
Pupiformis, Brod XIV.
Pupoides {Clau.), Spix XXXVIII.
purpuratus, Reeve LXXI.
pustulosus, Brod XX.
purus, Mousson XXXI.
pyramidalis {Helix), Sow. ... XI.
pythogaster, Fe'r I.
quadi'icolor, Pfr XLII.
quadridens {Helix), Muller . . LXXXVII.
quinquedentatus, Pfr LXXXIII.
Quitensis, Pfr XLVIII.
Recluzianus, Pfr LXXIV.
reconditus, Reeve LXXVI.
redditus, Reeve XLVII.
Eeevii {Helix), Brod I.
reflexus, Pfr LXXXV.
regina {Helix), Fe'r XXVII.
reticulatus, Reeve XXIV.
revolntus, Ziegler LXXXIII.
rhodacmc, Pfr XIV.
91
74
578
204
89
45
167
515
619
385
527
90
494
100
607
120
429
437
191
104
637
267
476
241
452
225
92
431
85
231
517
127
187
59
650
618
317
530
549
307
6
628
168
443
611
77
Plate.
rhodocheilus, Reeve XXVIII.
rhodolarynx, Reeve LXXII.
rhodospb-a, Mor XXXIII.
rhodostoma, Gray XLIX.
rimatus, Pfr LIV.
ringens, Bunker LXXV.
Rivasii, WOrh XX.
Eomblonensis, Pfr VII.
rosaceus, King XV.
roseatus, Reeve LIV.
Rossmiissleri, Pfr. ......... LX.
rubellu^, Brod XVIII.
rubescens, Eeeve XXIII.
rubicandidiis, Gould LV.
rubrifasciatus, Reeve XLIV.
rudis, Anton XLV.
rufistrigatus, Benson LXXVIII.
rufogaster, Lesson I.
mfo-niger, Per LIX.
rugatus, Reeve LXXVI.
rugiferus, Soio XX.
rugulosus, Soio XX.
rupestris, Phil LXIX.
rupicolus, Reeve XVI.
Ruppelliauus, Pfr L.
rusticus, Mousson LXXVIII.
SaUeanus, Reeve LXXXVIII.
Sandwiceusis, Pfr LXVII.
sarcodes, Pfr LXI.
Satyrus, Brod VI.
Saj^, P/)- LXV.
scabiosus, Soio XIV.
Scalariformis, Brod XXI.
Scalarioides, Reeve LXXX.
Scbiedeanus, Pfr LIV.
scitulus, Reeve LXXI.
scobinatus, Wood XXXII.
sculpturatus, Pfr XX.
scutulatus, Brod XIX.
seductilis, Pfr... LXXXVI.
segregatus, Benson LXXIX.
serperastrus, Say XL.
sex-dentatus {Clan.), Spix. . . XXXVIII.
Shongi, Lesson XXIV.
Sidoniensis {Helix), Per LXIII.
signatus {Auric.), Wagn. . . . XXXIII.
signatus, Sow LXIV.
Sikkimensis, Reeve LXXXVII.
simplex, Jonas XII.
Siudicus, Benson XLVII.
173
518
203
323
359
542
122
34
87
353
405
104
148
367
277
286
570
4
395
552
118
123
491
93
329
574
057
472
414
29
458
84
129
590
361
513
199
125
110
635
587
252
221
159
433
651
63
303
Plate
Spscies.
LXXXL
60.3
Siquijorensis, Ffr
vin.
42
smaragdiuus, Eeem
VL
27
Socotrensis, P/r
Lxrv.
440
solidus, Tfr
IL
9
solitarius {Eellx), Poii-et . . .
LXXXVIL
653
solivagus, Reeve
LXXIV.
531
solutus, TroscM
LXXV.
540
sordidus, Lesson
XVII.
100
sordidus {Helix), Lesson
LIX.
401
Sowerbyi, Ffr
LVII.
3S3
spadiceus, Metike
LXXIV.
537
speciosus, Parreyss
L.
327
spectatus, Reeve
LXXXL
601
spectralis, Reeve
LIII.
348
Spixii, Wagn
XXX.
182
spoliatus, Parreyss
LXVIII.
485
sporadicus, B'Orbigny
XLLX.
325
Sprattii, Ffr
LIX.
403
spretus, Reeve
LXXXV.
633
stabilis {Helix), Sow
XII.
67
stramineus, Quilding
LXXXV.
633
striaio-costatus, D'Orbigny . .
LXXX.
594
stiiatulus. Sow
XXII.
143
striatus, King
XXII.
139
strigatus, Sow.
XLIV.
LV.
280
strigilosus, Dufo
362
Studeri, Ffr
LVII.
384
subcarinatus, Ffr
VII.
35
subdiaphanus {Fttpa), King . .
LXIX.
493
subsemiclausus, Fetit
XLI.
254
subtQis, Rossmcissler
LXVII.
471
subula, Ffr
LXIX.
494
subuliformis {Helix), Moric. .
LXVIII.
486
succinctus, Reeve
LXXIV.
534
Succinoides, Felit
XLII.
264
suiFusus, Reeve
LIII.
XLIX.
350
sulcosus, Ffr
324
suUanus, Lamarck
XXXL
187
superhm, Jonas
XXVIII.
171
Swainsoni, Pfr
XXXIII.
303
Sylheticus, Reeve
LXXVII.
564
Sylvanus, Brod
IX.
46
sylvaticus, TFugner
LII.
340
Syriacus, Ffr
LX.
406
taeniolus, Ngst
XLIX.
326
Tannaysii {Helix), Per
XXXIII.
202
Tauricus, Lang
LXI.
420
Taylorianus, Reeve
LXXXL
602
tenebricus, Reeve
LIII.
347
tener, Ziegler LXVII. 473
tenuissimus {Helix), Per. . . . XLV. 288
tepidulus, Reeve LXXXVI. 642
terebella, Adams LXXXIV. 620
terebrans, Ffr XIV. 79
terebraster, Fe'russac LII. 341
rm'WM, Porbes LXXV. 539
thamnoicus, B'Orb . XVI. 94
Thompsoni, Ffr XXIV. 158
Ticaonicus {Helix), Brod. ... III. 14
tigris, Brod. XVIII. 107
torridiis, Gould LXXXIX. 662
Tournefortianus, i%- LXI. 417
translucens, Brod XIII. 71
transparens, Reeve LXXVII. 566
tribalteatus, Reeve XLIII. 369
trichodes, J3'0/-%»y LXXV. 547
tricinctus. Reeve LVII. 380
tridens, Brug LXXXVI. 636
trldentatus, Parreyss LXVIII. 489
trifasciatus {Helix), Chenin. . XXXIX. 237
trilineatus, Quoij XLVIII. 310
trilineatus {Helix), Quog .... LIX. 397
trimcatus, Ffr LXX. 498
tuberculatns, Turton LXIII. 431
Tuckeri, Ffr LXVIII. 481
tumefactus, Reeve LVI. 374
tumidulus, Ffr XtX. ] 11
Tunetanus, Reeve LXXIX. 581
Tupacii, 7>'0;-.^ XV. 86
turbinatus, Lea LXXXII. 605
tm-ricida, P// LXIX. 497
tiuTiformis, A>«Ms LXXXVII. 653
turritella, D'Orbigny LXX. 511
turritus, Brod XX. 124
tutuhis, Betmn LXXXIV. 625
uber, Ffr X. 48
urabilioaris, Sotd LXVI. 460
umbraticus, Reeve liXVII. 559
laidafns, Brug XV. 90
uudiilatus, Guild XL. 247
uuicarinatus {Fupa), Lam. . . LXVI. 468
unicolor, Soie XXI. 133
unidentatus {FarL), Sow XXXI. 193
unifasciatus, Sow XXIII. 149
ustulatus, &?<; XXL 130
Fakncieimesii, Ffr XXXIV. 204
variabilis, Hartm LXIX. 499
\a.\-\&i\x%, Tn-bb Sf- Berth LXVI. 461
varians, Brud XVIII. 104
INDEX.
variedentattm, Hartman .... LXXXVI. 636
variegatus, Pfr XVI. 93
Varnensis, Frivalddy LXXV. 543
velatus, Srod XL 57
velutinus, Tfr LV. 362
veluiino-Impidus, Moxic XXXII. 199
Venezueleusis, Nyst XXIV. 157
venosus. Reeve XLV. 285
veiitricosws, Drap LXIX. 499
veutrosus {Helix), Fer LXIX. 499
Veranyi, Pfr XLII. 262
verecimdus, Reeve II. 62
versicolor, Brod XIX. 113
vexiUim, Brod XXIII. 152
vibex, H/itton XLVII. 299
vimineus (Helix), Mor XL. 246
Vincentinus, Pfr LV. 366
virens, Pfr VII. 32
viresceiis, Swainson XXXI. 187
mrffattts, Spix XLVIII. 312
virginius, Brug XXXI. 191
virgulatus {HeU.r), Yir XLIX. 320
Plate, Species
!)/7;v'««, Spix XXXVIII. 231
Vitrinoides, Reeve XLVI. 290
vittatus, Spix XLLV. 279
vittatus, Brod XVIII. 105
Voithianus, Pfr XXI. 131
Wagneri, Pfr XXXVIII. 232
Woodianus, Lea [II. 11
xanUwUnus, Ziegler L. 327
xanthostoma, Hohen LXI. 416
.xauthostoma, D'Orb XLIII. 271
Yuiigasensis, D'Orb LXV. 456
zebra {Bucc), Mull XV., XXVII. 90
zebra, Olivier LXVI. 464
zebra, Spix XXX. 284
zebriolus {Helix), Fe'r LXVI. 464
Ziebmanni, Pfr LXX. 506
Ziegleri, Pfr LVIII. 389
zigzag, Lam XV. 90
zoiiatiis, Swain XXXIX. 237
zonulatus, Pfr XIII. 58
zoograpbicus, 2)'0;-i(V/»y . . . . LXX. 509
ERRATA.
Sp. 4. B. rufogader. Add authority, Lesson, Illus. de
Zool. pi. 42.
Sp. 10. B. mus. Add authority, Broderip, MS.
Sp. 15. B. Mindoroeusk. Add as synonymes, B. aspersus,
Grateloup, and B. amoenus, PfeiiFer.
Sp. 28. B. cbicimiiformis. Add authority, Helix cincinni-
formis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 17.
Sp. 53. B. iiwomptus. Having expressed a doubt of this
species, it may be as well to add that specimens
similar to the original one have been received by
Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands, and others
were collected by Capt. Belcher in the same locality
during the voyage of the Samarang.
Sp. 55. B. Luzonicus. Add as synonyme, B. Costerii,
Eydoux, Mag. de Zool. 1838, MoU. pi. 116.
Sp. 56. B. ovoideus. Add as variety B. euri/zoms, Pfeiffer.
Sp. 69. B. dilatatus. Insert Uab. Island of Luzon,
Philippines.
Sp. 72. B. evanescens. Add authority, Broderip, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1841, p. 15.
Sp. 73. B. Adamdi. Dr. Gould informs me that this
species is identical with his B. monilifirns, from
Savoy, Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1846.
Sp. 74. 'For B. eburneus read B.poUfus, the name being
pre-occupied by Pfeiffer, Sp. 418.
Sp. 75. B. enjlln-odoma. Add as vai-iety, B. albus, Sow.,
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 73 ; and B. olorinus, Duclos,
Guerin's Mag. de Zool. 1 833, Moll. pi. 24.
Sp. 83. B. coclileades. Add authority, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1842, p. isa.
Sp. 86. B. Tapac'd. Add as synonyme B. indutiis, Menke.
Sp. 98. For B. culmiuam read B. Uthoictis, D'Orbigny,
Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. MoU. pi. 33. f. 10, 11.
Sp. 100. Por B. sordidus, Lesson, read B. Proteus, Bro-
derip, the former species being correctly represented
at Fig. 401.
Sp. 113. B. elegans. Add as svuonyme B. Buschii
Pfeiffer.
Sp. 131. For B.mmdiovidis, Reeve, read B. Voitliianus,
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 114.
Sp. 143. For B. striatulns. Sow., read B. PhiUppii, Pfeiffer,
the first name being pre-occupied by Bruguiere in
reference to Buccinum striatidum, Miiller, unidenti-
fied. For the true B. D'Orbignii, under wliich name
this species was communicated to me, see Sp. 439.
Sp. 148. For B. ruhescens, Keeve, read B. Bennald, Grav,
for which see PI. LXXXVIII.
Sp. 151 . B. derelicius. Add as synonyme B. curius, Koch,
Philippi, AbbUd. vol. i. p. 158. Bid. pi. 2. f. 8.
Sp. 152. For B. vexillum, Brod., read B. alternans, Beck,
Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. vol. ii. p. 207, the former name
being pre-occupied by Bruguiere and by Wood.
Sp. 157. B.pardalis. Add as syaonymt B.marmoratiis,
Philippi, Abbild. vol. i. p. 157. Bui. pi. 3. f. 1 and 2,
and B. Venezuelensis and Venetiolensis, Nyst,Bull. de
I'Acad. Iloyale de Bruxelles, vol. xii.
Sp. 164. B. auris-Sileni. Insert Hub. Island of St. Vincent,
West Indies ; Guilding.
Sp. 165. B. JdaDisoni. Add authority. Gray, Pro. Zool.
Soc. 1833, p. 133.
Sp. 170. For B. auris-Mida; read B. f brains, Martyn,
Uuiv. Conch, pi. 25, published anterior to Chemnitz's
Juris Mida.
Sp. 182. B. Spi.vii. Add as synonyme B. bi/asciattts,
Philippi. The fold represented upon the columella
in this figure is merely casual.
Sp. 187. B. citrinus. Add as synonymes B. inversus and
interriipius, Bruguiere, B. siiUanus, Lamarck, B. aureus
and virescens, Swainson, B. palaceus, Busch, and
B.purus, Mousson.
Sp. 189. For B. Littdeni, Reeve, read B. astrapoides, Jonas,
Philippi, Abbild. vol. i. p. 157. Bui. pi. 2. f 3 and4,
quoted erroneously by Dr. Pfeiffer, as a variety of
B. pardalis.
Sp. 199. B. heterotrichus. Add as varieties B. velutim-
hispidus, Moricand, and B. scobinattis. Wood.
Sp. 203. B. melanostoma. Add as synonymes B.Swainsoni,
Pfeiffer, and B. Blheocola, Moricand.
Sp. 304. For B. Popelairiamis, Nyst, read B. Valeiicien-
nesii, Pfeiffer, which has priority, and include the
former name as synonvme.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
ACHATINA
" Each shell, each crawling insect, holds a ranli
Important in the scale of Him who framed
This scale of beings ; holds a rank, vvhich lost.
Would break the chain, and leave a gap behind.
Which Nature's self would rue!" — Stillmgfleet.
cicluU///a , I'l .1 .
4
Ket^p, 3ftnh<Lni «■ Reeve
A C H A T I N A .
Genus Achatina, Lamarck.
Testa ovata velfmiformi-oblotiya, anfmctibus plerumque stri-
atis vel gratiatis, colmneUd invohdd, had pecidiariter
trtmcatd, apei-turcE lahro sinipUci, nunquam iucrassalo
aui rejleto. Opermlwm nullum.
Shell ovate or fusiformly oblong, whorls mostly striated or
grained, columella rolled inwards, peculiarly trun-
cated at the base, lip of the aperture simple, never
thickened or reflected. No operculum.
The general aspect of the Achatiiue is very similar to
that of Bulhims, but the particidars of the shell in detail
present a sufficient typical difference throughout. The
chief peculiarity of structure which characterises this genus
resides in the columella, it being always involuted towai'ds
the aperture, and more or less abruptly tninoated at the
base. A negative character is also afforded in the outer
lip being never thickened or reflected. The Achatina are
not of the same arboreal habits as the BuUtni, but dwell in
places where there is more moistm-e, in swamps or in the
vicinity of lakes and rivers ; and are more confined to
particular localities. They comprehend thi'ee very distinct
gi'oups, one consisting of large, richly coloured, ventricose
species, chiefly inhabiting West Africa, where they may be
said to take the place of the BuUmi, another comprising
numerous delicate species, some of a semi-transparent,
glassy polish, others finely sculptured with gi-anulated or
raised striaj, inhabiting Central America, the West Indies,
and Southern Europe, and constituting the genus Glandina
of authors. The prettily painted and porcelain-like species
A. virginea and venllum, are also representatives of another
type, the genus Lignu-i of De Montford.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
.•VcHATlNA Pfeifferi. Ackat. testa oblongo-twritd, au-
fractibus oeto, convexis, longitndinaliter obscure plkato-
striatis, apicem versus subtiUter decussatd, ad suturas
indistincte crenulatis, colmneUd valde arctiatd et con-
tortd, abrupte truncatd; fulKeseente-albd, rufo-fasco,
pracipue basin versus, flanunatd.
Pfeiffer's Achatina. Shell oblong-tmTeted, whorls
eight in number, convex, longitudinally obscurely
plicately striated, finely decussated towards the apex,
mdistinctly crenulated at the sutures, columella much
arched and twisted, abruptly truncated ; pale fulvous
u liite, flamed especially towards the base with reddish
Ijrown.
DuxKER, Zeitschi-. fur Malac. 1845. p. 1G.3.
Ilnb. Near Loanda, West Africa (on sandy momitaius)
As in most species of the genus the colouring is daikc
and more thickly displayed towards the base.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina ^aUATORiA. Achat, testa acuminato-oblonyd,
anfractibus septem, timiidis, rotundatis, lavibus, oblique
tenuistriatis, ad stituras lira parvd spirali crenulald
ciuctis, columella vix truncatd, labro simplici ; cinereo-
crerulescente, apicem versus albicante, strigis maculisque
fuscis irregulariter aspersd.
The equatorial Achatina. Shell acuminately oblong,
whorls seven in number, swollen, rounded, smooth,
obliquely finely striated, encircled with a small spiral
crenulated ridge at the sutures, columella scarcely
truncated, lip simple ; ash-blue, whitish towards the
apex, sprinkled irregularly with brown streaks .ind
spots.
Bab. Banks of the river Gaboon, West Africa.
The marking of this species, from a locality nearly on the
equator, is very peculiar, not disposed in regular stripes,
but wavy and scattered; the whorls are more than usually
rounded, and the apex has a papillaiy aspect.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina variegata. Achat, testd conico-oblongd, basin
versus veutricosd, anfractibus septem ad octo, plus
minus subtiUter decussatis, ad suturas crenulatis, lined
iiupressd marginatis, colmneUd contortd, oblique trun-
catd, labro simplici; fulvo-albidd, strigis nigro-cas-
taneis undatis, hie illicfidguratis, Sftpissime pictd, niln-
tnelld vivide rosed.
The variegated Achatina. Shell conically obluny.
ventricose towards the base, whorls seven to eight in
number, more or less finely decussated, crenulated at
the sutm-es, margined with an impressed line, colu-
mella twisted, obliquely ti-uncated, lip simple ; fulvous-
white, most frequently painted with dark waved
chesnut streaks here and there zig-zag, columella
very deep rose.
Februarv, 1849.
ACHATINA.— Plate I.
RoissY, Buffon de Sonnini, Hist. Moll. p. 354.
Bulla acliathia, Linnseus.
Buecinum achatinum, Muller.
Buccinum varier/atmn, Fabius Columna.
Bulimus achatimis, Bruguiere.
CochUtoma acliathia, Perussac.
Achatina perdix, Lamarck.
Hub. Sierra Leone &c., West Africa (in the woods).
This fine large species exists in great abundance in the
woods of West iyiica, with little variation except that the
striped painting is sometimes absent, as in PL V.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina bicolor. Achat, testa subelongato-turritd,
anfractibm septem, siibirregulariter striatis, ad suturas
indistincte plicato-crenidatis, columella arcuatd et con-
tortd, fortiter truncatd, aperturd parvd ; intense pur-
pureo-nigrd, apicem versus castaned, columelld ccBrules-
eente-albd.
The two-coloueed Achatina. Shell somewhat elon-
gately turreted, whorls seven in number, rather
irregularly striated, indistinctly plicately creuidated
at the sutures, columella arched and twisted, strongly
truncated, aperture small; intense purple-black,
chesnut towards the apes, columella bluish-white.
Jay, Cat. Mus. p. 119.
AcJiatineUa bicolor, PfeifFer.
Acliathia adtista, Gould (fide Pfeifl'er).
Hab. Sandwich Islands.
This shell has not the generic character of AchatineUa,
the species of which are more or less polished, and dis-
tinguished by a peculiar screw-like twist of the columella.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina cochlea. Achat, testd elongato-turritd, an-
fractibus octo, spiraliter costatis, superne depressis,
infra convexo-planis, bad subangulatis, columelld pro-
fundi arcuatd et contortd ; nstulato-castaned, zonula
albd utfra suturas.
The sceew Achatina. Shell elongately turreted,
whorls eight in number, spirally ribbed, depressed
round the upper part, convexly flattened beneath,
slightly angled at the base, columella deeply arched
and twisted ; burnt chesnut colour, with a narrow
white zone beneath the sutures.
Hab. Peru.
This species is chiefly remarkable on account of its
elongated form and spiral ribbed structure, having much
the aspect of a Turritella.
Acha^ina Fill.
B«TrBsTOOTtlto*v~-j:
ACHATINA.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATlNA PAl'i'RACEA. Achat, testa oblongo-ovatd, tenui,
anfractibus sex, minute (kcttssatim gi'anulatis, adsuturas
marginatU, columella leviter contortd, parum truncatd;
fmcescejite, fusco nebnlatd, columella interditm sub-
rosaced.
The paper Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, whorls
six in number, minutely decussately granulated, mar-
gined at the sutures, columella slightly twisted, but
Uttle truncated ; light brown, clouded with darker
brown, columella sometimes pinkish.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 74.
Hab. Banks of the river Nun, Africa.
A light semi-transparent shell, of which the interior is
slightly iridescent.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
AC£
\A BALTEATA. Achat, testd acuminato-oblomjd,
siibficsiformi, crassiusculd, anfractibui octo ad novem,
subplicato-striatis, utidique creberrime minute granula-
ns, columella peculiariter arcuatd, et contortd, abrupte
truncatd; flavescente, fasciis casfr/iieis lougitudinalibus
apicem versus iinctd, fascia ■sjiinili inlerniptu, subin-
distinctd, medio cingulatis, cohinuUd tt aperturm fauce
c(?ruleHcente-albd.
The belted Achatina. Shell acuminately oblong,
somewhat fusiform, rather thick, whorls eight to nine
in munber, slightly plicately striated, very closely
min\itely granulated, columella peculiarly arched and
twisted, abruptly truncated ; yellowish, stained
towards the' apex with chesnut longitudinal bands,
and encircled round the middle with a rather indis-
tinct interrupted spiral band, columella and interior
of the aperture bluish-white.
Hab. Banks of the river Gambia, Africa.
Very beautifully minutely granulated throughout, and
characterized by a faint spiral band, in a manner which
obtains some specific importance on account of its singu-
larity.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina f
teiitricox,
Achat, testa fiislfoniii-obloiigd, siib-
teiitii, nunc crassiusculd, anfractibus
octo, lavibus, apicem versus obscure granulato-striatis,
ad suturas vix crenulatis, columeUd subcontortd, an-
gusti truncatd ; lutescente-albd, fusco profuse latistri-
gatd et nebulatd, cohimelld et apertura: fauce albis.
The smoked Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong,
rather ventricose, sometimes thin, sometimes thick,
w'horls eight in number, smooth, obsciu'ely granosely
striated towards the apex, but slightly crenidated at
the sutures, columella rather twisted, narrowly trun-
cated ; yeUowish-wliite, profusely broadly streaked
and clouded with brown, columella and interior of
the aperture bluish-white.
De Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pi. 124 A. f. 1.
Eadem varietates.
Helix borbonica, De Ferussac.
HMx zebrina, Ue Ferussac.
HeVu- Manritiana, Quoy and Gaimard.
Achatina Cuurunpa, Lesson.
Hab. Mauritius.
An extremely variable species ; in addition to the typical
specimen here tigiu-ed it has been necessary to represent
(PL III.) a variety of smaller size which is of frequent
occurrence, and one (PL XL) of singidar umbdicated
growth. The variety Fig. 8, b. is of rather light structure,
and extremely constant in this peculiarity. MM. Quoy
and Gaimard distinguished it as a separate species with
the name B. Mauritiana, but it is found associated with
the larger kind and differs immaterially in form or sculpture.
This variety is, however, a very characteristic one, and is
found abundantly in some parts of Mauritius. "When the
Samarang touched at that island on its return to England,
Sir David Barclay, an eminent collector residing at Port
Louis, presented Sir Edward Belcher with some thirty or
forty of them alive from his garden, scarcely differing from
one another in size or painting.
Li the variety figured at PI. XI, a very remarkable one,
the shell is pressed down, as it were, and the whorls are
turned in a manner to form a large umbilicus. Specimens
of this variety are not very uncommon, and may be seen in
different stages of growth.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina reticulata. Achat, testd eloiigalo-ovatd,
snbfusifuruii, crassd, anfractibus novem, plicato-rugosis,
et sirinfis, ad suturas concentrice crenatis, columella
February, 1849.
ACHATINA.— Plate II.
callosd, mbamjusti trmicald ; iiived, purpureo-castaiieo
vuriegatd, columella el aptrtura faucn itiveis.
TuE RETICULATED AcHATiNA. Shell elougately ovate,
somewhat fusiform, thick, vvhorls nine in number,
pUcately wrinkled and striated, concentrically crenated
at the sutures, columella callous, rather narrowly
truncated ; snowy-white, variegated with purple-
chesnut, columella and interior of the aperture snowy-
white.
Pfeiffer, Pi
Hoi. Africa.
Zool. Soc. 1845. p. 7-1.
This fine species is remarkably distinct from any othe
unless a comparison be made with the -/. Uictta, which
smaller and unspotted.
ArJw/fn,, F/JE.
A C H AT I N A .
Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcH.\TiN.\ FULVA. Acliat. testd sub-acuminato-oUongd,
solidinscidd, anfractibus octo ad novetu, convexis,
irregulariter striaik, apicem versus minute deem-
satis, ad suturas rude ci-enatis, columella profmide
arcuatd, subabrupte truncatd; ffriseo-albd, castaneo-
fusco intense nebulato-strigatd, columella et apertura
fauce cceruleo-albicantihus.
The FL'Lvons Ach.\tina. Shell acuminately oblong,
rather solid, whorls eight to niue in number, convex,
irregularly striated, minutely decussated towards the
apex, rudely creuated at the sutures, eoliunella deeply
arched, not very abruptly ti-uncated ; greyish white,
deeply striped in a clouded manner with chesnut
brown, columella and interior of the aperture bluish-
white.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. \\n. p. 309.
Bttlimus fulvus, Bnjguiere.
Hob. East Africa.
The columella of this species is remarkable for its
dee])ly arched curve.
Species 11. (Mus. Cummg.)
.\CHATINA ACUTA. Achat, testd subfusiformi-oblongd, soli-
diusculd, anfractibus octo ad novem, apicem versus
minute decussatis, ad suturas subdistincte crenulatis,
columelld arcuatd et contortd, elongato-productd, vix
truncatd; albidd, fusco profuse nebulatd et strigatd,
columelld et aperturce fauce ceerulescente-albis.
The shakp Achatina. Shell somewhat fusiformly-
obloug, rather solid, whorls eight to nine in number,
minutely decussated towards the apex, rather indis-
tinctly orenidated at the sutures, columella arched
and twisted, elongately produced, but slightly trun-
cated ; whitish, profusely clouded and streaked with
brown, columella and interior of the aperture bluish-
white.
Ferussac, Hist. Moll. pi. 124. A. (. i.
Hub. Mauritius.
This species is mainly distinguished from the preceding
by its more elongated fusiform growth, by which the colu-
mella is more produced and less truncated.
Species 12. (Mus. Cumiug.)
Achatina panthera. Achat, testd conico-oblougd, oeu-
tricosd, anfractibus octo, superne plano-deelivibus,
medio tumidis, longitudinaliter plicato-striatis, ad
iiitHras rude crenulatis, apicem versus minute decus-
satis; columelld contortd, abrupte truncatd; albidd,
maculis strigisque fuscis earuko-nebulatis pictd, colu-
melld interne purpureo-rosed.
The panther Achatina. Shell conically oblong, ventri-
cose, whorls eight in number, flatly slanting round the
upper part, swollen in the middle, longitudinally
plicately striated, rudely crenulated at the sutures,
minutely decussated towards the apex, columella
twisted, abruptly truncated ; whitish, painted with
blue-clouded spots and streaks, columella deep
purple-rose.
Feeussac, Prod. p. 49. Hist. Moll. pi. 126.
Achatina Lamarckia.na, Pfeift'er.
Hob. Interior of Madagascar.
A beautifully painted species from a locality in w-hich
many fine CoUmacea doubtless remain to be discovered.
February, 184'9.
Jchutina^TLIF.
^*Tt
RB.&IL imp
A C H A T I N A .
Spccu-s 13. (ilus. Cuming.)
Acii.\TiNA PRUXUJI. Achat, testa ovatd, teniii, veyitrico-
siiixciilii, spird apicem verms obtusd, anfractibus qitbi-
que, infra suturas appressis, laviuseulis, apicem versus
mimUissime decnssatis, colimielld arenatd, vix truncatd ;
aureo-lutescente, castaneo latistrigatd,superne purpureo-
rosed.
The plum Achatina. Shell ovate, thin, rather veutri-
cose, obtuse towards the apes, whorls five in number,
appressed beneath the sutures, somewhat smooth,
very minutely decussated towards the apex, columella
arched, but sUghtly truncated ; pale golden-yellow,
broadly streaked with ehesnut, purple-rose towards
the upper part.
Hi,/,. \\\>t Africa.
.\ striking species, distinguished by its obtuse growth
and jiiculiar colouring. The last whorl is of a delicate
goldcu-yellow, marked with dark ehesnut streaks converg-
ing together at the base, whilst the upper whorls are of a
purple-rose, indistinctly spotted at the sutui-es.
This species may possibly have been taken for the young
of jI. marginata, but it is certainly distinct.
Species 1-1. (Mus. Dennison.)
Achatina jiakginata. Achat, testa conico-ovatd, veii-
tricosd, anfractihiis sex ad septem, Icevibus, apicem
versus minntissime decussatis, infra suturas pecuUariter
marginatis, columelld subprofunde arcuald et contortd,
lutescente, nigricaiite-castaneo profuse midulatd et stri-
gatd, apice intense rosea, colimielld nunc alba, nunc
rosed, aperturafauce carulescente-alid.
The margined Achatina. Shell conicaUy ovate, ven-
tricose, whorls six to seven in number, smooth, very
minutely decussated towards the apex, peculiarly mar-
gined beneath the sutures, columella rather dcciilv
arched and twisted ; yellowish, profusely waved and
streaked with blackish ehesnut, apex deep rose, colu-
mella sometimes white, sometimes rose, interior of
the apertm-e bluish-white.
SwAiNsoN, Zool. Illus. pi. 30.
Achatina amphora. Jay.
Hab. West Afi-ica.
Mostly very ricldy marked externally, but not coloured
in the apertiu'e as in the species which follows.
Species 1.5. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming ; Fig. b, Mus. Deimison.)
Achatina purpurea. Achat, testa ovatd, aolidiusculd,
anfractibus sex, convexis, infra suturas marginatis et exi-
mie crenulaiis, longitudinaliter sttiatis, apicem versus
decussatis, columelld subprofunde arcuatd et contortd;
c<erulescente-olivaced, pallide fusco raro strigatd, apice
rosaceo, columelld et aperture fauce intense roseis,
interdum nigro-purpureo marginatis.
The purple Achatina. Shell ovate, rather solid,
whorls six in number, convex, margined and delicately
crenulated beneath the sutures, longitudinally stria-
ted, decussated towards the apex, columella somewhat
deeply arched and twisted ; bluish-olive, faintly
streaked at distant intervals with pale brown, pink
at the apex, coliunella and interior of the aperture
deep rose, sometimes edged with black-purple.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol.viii. p. 296.
Bulla purpurea, Chemnitz.
BuUmiis purpurascens, Bniguiere.
Hab. Cape Palmas, West Ahica.
This species may generally be recognised by the deep
rose coloiu-ing of the apertm-e and columella, which, as in
the beautiful specimen figured from Mr. Deuuison's col-
lection, is sometimes edged with very dark puqile, ap-
proaching to black.
February, IS-iQ.
jr///if//u/. n . v.
ACHATINA.
Species 16. (Mus. Cumiiig.)
AcHATlNA ALLISA. Achat, testd elongato-ohlo)i(/d, subcy-
lindraced, anfractihua septem, oblique subtiUter gra-
nato-driatis, infra suturas tenue crenidatis, aperturd
parvimculd; columelld arcuatd, subcontortd, abrupte
frnncatd; oUvaceo-lutescente, maculis rufo-castamis
obloiigis Jiic illic irregulariter inquinatd.
The bruised Achatina. Shell elongately oblong, some-
what cylindrical, whorls seven in number, obliquely
finely granosely striated, finely crenulated beneath
the sutures, aperture rather smaO ; columella arched,
slightly twisted, abruptly truncated; olive-yellow,
here and there iiTcgularly bedaubed with reddish
chesnut blotches.
Hah. Cape Palmas, West Atrica.
This species may be readily distinguished from any of
those hitherto described, by its oblong cylindrical fonn and
pecidiar style of irregular blotching. The apertm-e is pro-
portionably smaller and narrower than in the allied species.
Species 17. (Mus. Ciuning.)
AcHATlNA bicaeinata. Achat . testd obloiigo-ovatd.
siiisculd, anfractibm sex ad septem, conceutrice plicato-
striatis, ultimo inferne obscure bicarinato ; colmnelld
snbarcuatd, fortiter triuicatd ; intemi purpured, apice
albicante, fusco obscure fiilgiirntd, aperturte fauce c(p-
ruhscente-alhd.
The two-keeled Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate, rather
thick, whorls six to seven in number, concentrieaDy
phcately striated, last whorl obscurely two-keeled
towards the lower part, colimieUa arched, strongly
truncated ; deep purple, wliitish towards the apex,
marked with obscure brown waves, interior of the
aperture bluish-white.
Lamaeck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. viii.
p. 296.
Bulla bicarinata, Dillwyn.
Bulimns bicariiiatus, Bmguiere.
Cochlltoma bicarhmta, Perussac.
Tiulla achatina sinistrorsa maxima, Chemnitz.
Achatina sinistrorsa, PfeifFer.
Hab. Prince's Islands, West Afi-ica.
The keeled growth of this shell is very obscure and not
always perceptible. The name sinistrorsa was not given to
the species by Chemnitz as a technical specific appellation ;
it merely formed part of his diagnose.
Febraarv, 1S49.
ArJu//f//a H. VL
.^••^•'*?l;
A
ll.B.&K-.uiLp.
A C H A T I N A
Plate VI.
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATlNA INDOTATA. Achat, testa oblongo-ovatd, fetmi,
vetitricosd, anfraetUius septem, iiiferni lavibus, sitperm
gramso-striatis, colunielld arcuatd ; lutescente-albd,
strigis latis castanek fidguratis.
The unendowed Achatina. SheU oblong-ovate, thin,
ventricose, whorls seven in number, smooth round
the lower part, granosely striated round the upper
part, columella arched ; yellowish-white, marked with
broad zigzag cUesnut-brown streaks.
Hab. West Africa.
This shell, of wliich I have examined many specimens,
is frequently confounded vrith A. zebra, from which it
differs constantly in its proportions and the contour of the
columella. The painting, though it assimilates hi a re-
markable degree with some varieties of A. zebra, has
nevertheless a peculiarity of character about it.
Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina striata. Achat, testa fusiformi-oblongd, an-
Jractibiis octo, longitudinaliter co?Mpici(eplicato-striatis,
ad suturas erenulatis, columelld contortd, .mbelongato-
productd, aperturd parmuscidd, angustd ; opaco-albd.
The striated Achatina. Shell fusiformly obloug,
whorls eight in number, longitudinally conspicuously
plicately striated, crenulated at the sutiu-es, columella
twisted, somewhat elongately produced, aperture
rather small, uaiTow ; opake white.
Buccinum striatum, Miiller, Verm. p. 119.
Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. p. Sd. pi. 130. f 1028-9.
Hab. Mexico.
M. Deshayes assigns the A. rosea, Dc Ferussac, and
Dr. Pfeiffer the A. Mulleri of the same author, to the old
Buccinum striatum of MiiUer ; the species under consi-
deration seems, however, to agree fai- better both with
Miiller's description and Chemnitz's figures, excluding
f. 1030, which is J. Mulleri.
It is a shell of rather solid growth, opake snowy white,
with the striae raised in prominent longitudinal folds.
5peeics 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina ornata. Achat, testd subfusiformi-oblomjd,
ventricosiuscttld, anfractibus octo, Imigitudinaliter
creberrhm elevato-striatis. ad suturas anguste margina-
ti'i, columelld breviusculd, abrupte truncatd, aperturd
pared, oblongd ; fulvescente, .strigis brevibus fuscis
irregidaribus infra suturas obscure notatu.
The adorned Achatina. Shell somewhat fusilbrmly
obloug, rather ventricose, whorls eight in number,
longitudinally very closely elevately striated, narrowly
marginated at the sutures, columella rather short,
abruptly truncated, aperture small, oblong; light
fidvous-brown, obscurely marked beneath the sutures
with short, irregidar, brown streaks.
Pfeiffer, Zietschr. fur. Malac. ISlfi. p. 117.
Achatina costulata, Pfeiffer (not of Adams).
Hab. New Granada.
Ciu-iously, but obscurely, marked with shoi-t scattered
streaks striking out of the sutures.
Species 21. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina Kraussi. Achat, testd oblongo-ovatd, anfrac-
tibus septem, parum striatis ant decussatis, columella
arcuatd et contortd; nigricastaned, strigis angustis
albidis remote fulguratis, columelld et aperturm fauce
cceruleo-albis.
Kravss's Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate, whorls seven
in number, but little striated or decussated, colu-
mella arched and twisted ; blackish-chesnut, marked
with distant narrow white zigzag streaks, columella
and interior of the aperture bluish-white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 5.5. Coach. Syst. vol. ii.
pi. 179. f. 19.
Hab. Port Natal, Coast of Africa.
Named in honour of Dr. Krauss of Stutgard, %vhose
researches in South Afi-ica have been i)roductive of a
valuable work on the MoUusca of that district.
Feljruary, 1849.
AcJudma PI. VJL.
0,
^
A
A C II ATI N A
Species 22. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATlNA MDEBEA. Achat, testa pyramidaU-conicd, apicc
tumidd, basi suhplanatd et angulatd, anfraetibus se.v,
lavibus, poUtis, ad suturas miuutisdme marginatis, co-
Imnelld vix truncatd ; pallide luted, maculis ceeruleo-
viridibms oblungo-qteadrath nndntk pnklterrimt' tessel-
latd, interdum vivide luted, in/Miici'la/d, apice roseo-
incarnatd.
The porcelain Achatina. Shell pyramidally conical,
swollen at the apex, somewhat flattened and angular
at the base, whorls six in number, smooth, polished,
very minutely marginated at the sutures, columella
sbghtly truncated; pale yellow, very prettily tessellated
with waved oblong-square blue-green spots, some-
times bright yellow, unspotted, tinged with flesh-pink
at the apex.
Hah. ?
A pretty specie
rly distinct from the A.fasc'uita.
Species r2o. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina zebra. Achat, testd snbelongato-obloHgd, cras-
siMscidd, anfraetibus octo, grunoso-stnatis, grains in
anfractu ultimo evaiiidis, columelld suhrontortd ; intense
castaned, strigis angustis albis crebre fuhjiirutd, aper-
ture fauce carulescente-albd.
The zebra Achatina. Shell elongately oblong, rather
thick, whorls eight in number, granosely striated,
gi-ains disappearing on the last whorl, columella
slightly twisted ; very dark chesnut, marked with
close naiTow zigzag white streaks, interior of the
aperture bluish-white.
Lamarck, Anim.sansverl. (Deshayes" edit.) vol. viii. p. 39.5.
Buccinum achatina, pars, Muller.
Btdla zebra, Chemnitz.
Bulimns zebra, Bruguiere.
Cochlilohia zebra, Ferussac.
llah. CafiVaria, South Africa.
It is curious to observe in this species, that the longitu-
dinal streaks become graduaUy narrower and more frequent
as the shell increases in growth. For a species commonly
placed with this in collections, in which the stripes are
broader and much fewer in number, and which differs
manifestly in form, see tlie preceding Plate, Sp. 18.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina carinata. Achat, testa pyramidali-cwiicd,
basi piano -ail gill n lei. aiifroctihus sex ad septern, plano-
conve.vis, sub Iciile iniiiiilissiiiie dectissatis, suturis sub-
excavalis, coluiudlavij; truncatd; pellucido-albd, fascia
opaco-albd ad' suturas et, in anfractu ultimo, adaiujulmu.
The keeled Achatina. Shell pyramidally conical,
flatly angled at the base, whorls six to seven in
number, flatly convex, under the lens very miiuitely
decussated, sutures somewhat hollowed, .columella
scarcely truncated ; transparent white, encii-cled at
the sutures with a band of opake white, continued
round the angle of the last whorl.
Pfeiffer, SymbohT, vol. iii. p. 9u.
Bab. ? "
An interesting species, distinguished by its angidar
structure and delicate milk-white sutural band.
February, 184-1).
AchaiiTKt ri VMl.
^■vsilif
(;-B.n..(iBiuUiaL
A C; H A T I N A
Species 25. (Mus. Dennisoii.)
AcHATlNA MuLLEEl. Achat. testdfusiformijSpirdelongald,
aiifructlbus octo, loiigitudinaUter c7-eberi-inie pUcato-
striatis, ad sutiiras crenulatis, columella swbcontortd,
conspicne truncatd ; pellucido-fuscescente, strigix cns-
tanek remotis irregtdaribus pictd.
Muller's Achatina. Shell fusiform, spii-e elongated,
whovls eight in number, longitudinally very closely
plicately striated, crenulated at the sutures, columella
slightly twisted, conspicuously truncated; light
transparent brown, painted with irregular distant
chesnut streaks.
Ferussac, Prodrome, p. 50. No. 357.
Jcliatina dacUjlm, Broderip.
IJdh. Tumaco, West Coast of South .Vnieric;i.
Dr. Pfeiffer refers tWs shell to the Buccinum striatum of
MuUer, but there is no mention of the characteristic striped
painting in the description of that author ; neither is
there any account of the delicate tinge of yellow or rose
colouring which characterizes the species referred to it by
M. Deshayes, namely, the Achatina rosea. There is no
doubt, however, of the shell under consideration being
identical with that figured by Chemnitz under the head of
B. strMum in Conch. Cab. vol. ix. pi. 120. f. 10.30.
Species 26. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Sowerbyaxa. Achat, tntd ovato-fmifomd,
tenuiculd, .iiibventricosd, aiifraetibus sex ad septem,
undique pulcherriniii grauoso-decussatis, ad suturas
crenulatis, columella valde arcuatd, leviter contortd,
eonspicue truncatd; diaphano-fuscescente, nitente,
strigis longituditialibus castuiieis oiigiistin freqnentibits
irregulariter pictd.
Sowerby's Achatina. Shell ovately fusiform, somewhat
thin, rather ventricose, whorls six to seven in
number, everywhere very beautifully granosely decus-
sated, crenulated at the sutures, columella much
arched, slightly twisted, conspicuously truncated ;
bright transparent brown, shining, irregularly painted
with frequent narrow chesnut streaks.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 18-16. p. 32.
Ilab. Mexico.
A fine large delicately
the Gland ina section of
throughout.
sparcnt species of
irettilv srranulated
Species 27. (Mus. Dennisoii.)
Achatina lignaria. Achat, testa oblongo-cylindraced,
anfracfi/ms octo, grnnnlis oblongis undique exsculptis,
ad siit/inis rinlr crcniihilin, rohiiiu'Ihi abniji/i- truncatd,
apertuni p„rnHs,;il,; ■ fusn.'.rnilr-.yinilirn/. .strigis
angustif .wlnnilinrihux xidmlixi-urr ,-/ irri'ijiilnnter no-
tatd.
The wooden Achatina Shell oblong-cylindrical,
whorls eight in number, sculptured throughout witli
oblong granules, rudely crenulated at the sutures,
columella abruptly truncated, aperture rather small :
light brown bay, somewhat obscurely and irregularlx
marked with streaks of a darker colour.
Hab. ?
This fine species from the collection of .1. Dcunison, Esq.,
approaches nearer to A. Soioerbyana than to any hitherto
described.
February, 18-19.
Achaluia.B II.
^
A
J
&.lJ.S.iiel«Lhttl.
■RBA&nux,
AC HAT IN x\.
Species 28, (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATINA ALABASTEB. Achat, testd conico-ovatd, crassi-
mculd, anfractibus seplevi, sub lente mbmtmbne spi-
raliter driatia, suturis subimpressis, columella vix
iruncatd, aperttcrd parvd ; pellucido-aUd, fascia
auranlio-castaned medio cingulatd.
The alabaster Achatina. Shell conically ovate,
whorls seven in number, very minutely spii'aUy stri-
ated beneath the lens, sutures slightly impressed,
columella scarcely truncated, aperture small ; trans-
parent white, encircled round the middle with an
orange-chestnut band.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 312.
Helix alabaster, Rang.
Hab. Prince's Islands, West Africa.
The bright chestnut band which encircles this species, is
constant in all the examples I have seen.
Fig. 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
For this species see Plate X. Sp. 35, A.fasciata, of
which the shell here figured (A. crenala, Swainson) is a
variety.
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Reeveana. Achat, testd conico-ovatd, tenui-
cidd, anfractibus septem, sub lenie ininutissime spiraliter
striatis, oblique subtUiter plicalo-striatis, ad suturas
conceritrice creuulatis, columelld vix truiwatd, aperturd
parviusculd ; pellucido-alld, fascia obscurd luteo-fuscd
wiedio cingulatd.
Eeeve's Achatina. Shell conically ovate, rather thin,
whorls seven in number, very minutely spirally stri-
ated beneath the lens, obliquely finely plicately stri-
ated, concentrically crenidated at the sutures, colu-
mella scarcely truncated, aperture rather small ; trans-
parent white, encircled round the middle with an
obscure yellowish-brown band.
Pfeiffek, Monog. Helic. viv. vol. ii. p. 247.
Hab. Banks of the river Gaboon, West Africa.
Distinguished fi-om A. alabaster, to which it is next
allied, by its larger and lighter structure, sutural erenu-
lations, and faint colouring of the band.
Species 31. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Dennison.)
Achatina fusiformis. Achat, testd fusifonni-i
tenui, centricosd, anfractibus septem, superne obscure
subangulato-prodactis, longitudinaliter creberrime sub-
irregulariter plicato-striatis, atriis minutis impressis
spiraliter indentatis, ad suturas crupato-marginatix,
columelld abrupte Iruncatd, aperturd angustd; stravd-
ned velfmcescente, eximie miniatd, strigis angustis hie
illic saturate pictd, intus pallide rosaced.
The fusiform Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong,
thin, ventricose, whorls seven in number, obscurely
slightly angulated round the upper part, longitudi-
nally very closely but rather irregularly plicately stri-
ated, spirally indented with minute impressed stri;e,
crisply margined at the sutures, columella abruptly
truncated, aperture narrow ; pale straw-colour, or
broNvnish, delicately tinged with vermdion, and
painted here and there wth narrow streaks of darker
colour, pale rose within.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 75.
Hab. Moimtain of Coban,Vera Cruz, Central America.
It is scarcely possible to do justice to the delicate co-
louring and plicated sculpture of this beautiful species,
the inner edge of the lip of which is stained with a peculiar
saturnine vermilion, whilst the entire shell is more or less
tinged with a warm hue of the same, excepting in the
variety represented at Fig. 31. b, which is of a bright silky
straw-colour.
Species 32. (Mus. Dennison.)
Achatina Dennisoni. Achat, testd fusiformi-ovaid,
spird subacumiuafd, anfractibm sex, subrude exiliter
plicato-striatis, striis sublilUjus impressis deeussati-i,
apice subpapillari, columelld arcuatd et coutortd,
attenuate truncatd ; fuscescente, fusco apicem versus
variegatd, anfractu ultimo immaculato, fascid pallidd
obscurd cingulato, columelld pallide rosaced, supra
livido-caruleseente, fusco marginatd.
Dennison's Achatina. Shell fusiformly ovate, spire
rather acuminated, whorls six in number, somewhat
rudely faintly plicately striated, decussated with fine
impressed striae, apex somewhat papUlai-y, eohnnella
arched and twisted, attenuately tmncated ; pale
brown, variegated towards the apex with darker
ACHATINA— Plate IX.
brown, last whorl unspotted, encircled with a pale
obscure band, columella pinkish.
Hah. Hogota, Central America.
A new and very distinct species for which I am indebted
to the magnificent collection of J. Dennison, Esq., who
received it from the above-named locality.
Species 33. fMus. Dennison.)
.\(:h.vtina magnifica. Achat, testa aubfusiformi-ovata,
anfmctibm quinque ad sex, subrugosis, obscure termi-
pUcatis, striis niitmti^ spiralibm obscure decussatis,
colmnelld arcnatd ; Cfendeo-viridi , luteo fasciatd el
flammatd, colmnelld ccerulescente, supra intense pur-
pureo-castancd, labro intus nigricante-caslaneo, margine
miniato.
The maokificent Achatina. Shell somewhat fusi-
fonnly ovate, whorls five to six in number, rather
rough, obscm-ely finely plicated, obscurely decussated
with minute spiral stria;, columella arched ; dark
bluish-gi-een, banded and flamed with yellow, colu-
mella bluish, purple chestnut above, lip blackish
chestnut within, edged with vermilion.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 232.
Hab. Quito, Equador, Central America.
Another very beautiful species from the collection of
J. Dennison, Esq., of which there is also a specimen ui
the possession of Jlr. Cuming.
Aclia/nid. Fl .
4
*v
^%
^
1, P ,VIt imf
ACHATINA.
Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATlNA FICTA. Achat, testa coiiico-ovatd, spira suturia
impressis, anfraetibus nepteni, lavihus, politis, vel
oblique temiismme striatis, columella brevi, vix tnmcatd,
aperturd pared, luted, maculis castanek nebulatis, t/enid
dupUcatd, medio cinctd, maculis viridibus grandibus hie
illio ornatd.
The painted Achatina. Shell conically ovate, sutures
of the spire impressed, whorls seven in number,
smooth, polished, or obUquely very finely striated,
columella short, scarcely truncated, aperture small ;
yellow, encircled round the middle with a double fillet
of chestnut clouded spots, and ornamented here and
there with large green blotches.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. .56. Conch. Syst. vol. ii.
p. 87.pl. 177. f. 5.
Hah, Island of Cuba.
Very richly painted, but in a different style fi-om either
of the following species.
Species 35. (Fig. a, 5, c ; and PL IX. Fig. 29,
Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina fasciata. Achat, testa subpyramidali-ovatd,
solidiusculd, anfractihus octo, pla)io-comexis, Iambus,
politis, columelld breviusculd, callosd, vix truncatd,
aperturd parvd, labro creiiato ; albd,fasciis latis luteis,
maculis viridibus quadrato-oblongis obliquis ornatd,
lineis viridibus cingulatd ,- interdum albd, viridi Uneatd,
apice rosea.
The banded Achatina. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, rather solid, whorls eight in number, flatly
convex, smooth, polished, columella rather short,
callous, scarcely truncated, aperture smaU, lip cre-
nated ; white, ornamented with broad yellow banils
painted with large oblique square-oblong green
blotches, encu'cled with green lines ; sometimes white,
with the green lines only, apex pink.
SwAiNSON, Zool. nius., vol. iii. pi. 162.
Buccinum fasciatum, Muller.
Bulla fasciata, Chemnitz.
Bulimiis vexillum, Bruguiere.
Aclmtina vexillum, Lamarck,
Cochhtoma vexillum, Ferussac.
Achatina lineata, Valenciennes.
Varietates.
Achatina crenata, Swainson.
Achatina pallida, Swainson.
Achatina Anais, Lesson.
Bulinma zebra, D'Orbigny.
Hab. Island of Cuba, West Indies.
It will be seen by the accompanying figures and the one
referred to in the preceding plate, that the painting of this
species is extremely variable ; one portion of the colour,
however, the fine green lines which encircle the shell, is
rarely absent, and it is curious to remark that where these
reach the lip, there is a notch corresponding to each line.
Species 36. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina virginea. Achat, testd pyramidali-ovatd, soli-
diusculd, anfractibus septem ad octo, lavibus, politis,
columelld arcuatd, brevi, truncatd; aperturd parvd ;
ccerulescente-albd, lineis fasciisque angustis miniatis
viridibus et nigris varie cingulatd, colunwlld nunc albd,
nunc intense rosed.
The virgin Achatina. Shell pyramidally ovate,
rather solid, whorls seven to eight m number, smooth,
polished, columella small, short, truncated ; apertm-e
small ; bluish-white, variously encircled with ver-
miUon green and black lines and narrow bands, colu-
mella sometimes white, sometimes deep rose.
Lamakck, Ajiiin. sans vert. (Deshaye's edit.) vol. viii.
p. 299.
Bulla virginea, Linnaeus.
Buccinum virgineurn, Muller.
Lignus virgineus, De Montford.
Bulimus virgitieus, Bniguiere.
Cochlitoma virginea, Ferussac.
Achatina vittata, Swainson.
Eab. Cuba &c.. West Indies.
There is little variation in the style of painting of this
well-known species although the colours occasionally differ.
They are mostly very brUliant and the shell has all the
appearance of painted porcelain.
March, 1849.
ArJi^tffin B IT.
'mm
G.B S. iei etlltlL.
A C H A T I N A .
Species 2y. (Mas. Brit.)
AcHATlNA TINCTA. Achat, testa aciiminato-ohlongd, cras-
siusculd, anfractibtis septem ad octo, lavibus, ad suturas
marginatis, columella contortd, subanguste tnincatd ;
Jlavidd, eastaneo profuse tinctd, apice purpurascente,
columella et apertures fauce ccerulescente-attis.
The stained Achatina. Shell acuminately oblong,
rather thick, whorls seven to eight in number,
smooth, margiiiated at the sutui-es, columeOa twisted,
rather narrowly truncated ; yellow, profusely stained
with chestnut, columella and interior of the aperture
bluish- white.
Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pi. 179. f. 18.
Hab. ?
The painting of this shell is very characteristic, and the
outer surface of it is fui-ther distinguished by its smooth
porcelain appearance. It is an extremely rare species ;
the specimen represented in the ' Conchologia Systema-
tica ' is in Mr. Cuming's collection, and that here figiu'cd
from the British Museum was formerly in the Taukcrville
collection, afterwards in that of W. J, Broderip, Esq.
Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina semisculpta. Achat, testa subfusiformi-
oblongd, anfractibus septem, superne granato-striatis,
in/erne lavibus, columella arcuatd, subdepresso-trmi-
catd ; albldd, ca-itaneo iiderrupte fulguratd.
half-sculptured Achatina. Shell somewhat
fusiformly oblong, whorls seven in number, granosely
striated round the upper part, smooth round the
lower, columellii arched, rather depressly truncated ;
Th
whitisli, streaked in an infrrniptc
chestiuit .
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 18-1-5. p. 7-1.
Hab. Benguela, West Africa.
All Mr. Cuming's examples of this species are distin-
guished by the same broken inteiTupted style of painting
with which this is characterized.
Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina columna. Achat, tesld elongato-turritd, an-
fractibus septem, subrude granoso-striatis, sufuris de-
presso-concavis, columella contortd, callosd, plicato-
productd, aperturd parvd ; flamdd, eastaneo midique
fulguratd, columella et apertura fauce c<erulescente-
albis.
The column Achatina. Shell elongately turreted,
whorls seven in number, rather rudely granosely
striated, sutures depressly concave, columella twisted,
callous, produced in the form of a plait, aperture
small; ycUow, streaked throughout with naiTow
chestnut flames, columella and interior of the aperture
bluish-white.
Bruguiere, Encyclopedic Methodique, vol. i. f. o32.
Buccmum columna, Muller.
Limax flammens, Martyn.
Kelix columna, Chemnitz.
Hab. Prince's Islands, West Africa.
It is somewhat remarkable that no species has been dis-
covered to approximate to this. Lamarck, believing it to
be an inhabitant of freshwater, placed it originally in the
genus Lymnaa.
March, 18-l'J.
Xchnhna /'/. Ml ■
GB S.M.etlitL.
R.B.& U.imp
A C! M A T I N A .
Plate XII.
Species 42. (Fig. 38. Mus. Cuming.)
Acu.'iTiNA siDEBATUS. Achut. tcstd ovutd, verittirom,
lemdculd, anfractibus qmnqiie, creben'ime ndnicte t/ra-
Hulatis, columelld contorts, ; fused, caMmieo acute ct aitb-
tiliter fidguratd, aperturm fauce pallida carulescentf .
The thunder-stricken Achatina. Shell ovate, ventii-
cose, ratlier thin, whorls five in number, veiy closely
minutely granulated, columella twisted ; brown,
marked with line sharply zigzag chestnut streaks,
interior of the aperture faintly blue.
Ilab. ?
This is apparently a shell of immature growth, but so
peculiar in its colour and marking, that I venture to
describe it as new. Of a warm brown silken hue, painted
with fine sharply zigzag streaks somewhat broken, nuii>h
more delicate and numerous towards the ape.x.
Species 39. (JIus. Cuming.)
Achatina flammigera. Achat, testd subpyramidaU-
ovatd, anfractibus septem ad octo, oblique obscure pli-
cato-ruffosis, columelld rectd, vix truucatd, apertnrd
parviusculd ; lutescente, Jlammis subtilibus frequentihus
ustulato-fuscis oblique pictd, basi nigricatite-cusianed.
The flamed Achatina. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, whorls seven to eight in number, obliquely
obscurely plicately wrinkled, columella straight,
scarcely truncated, aperture rather small ; yellowish,
obliquely painted with frequent fine biu-nt-brown
flames, base blackish chestnut.
Deshayes, Enc. Mcth. vol. ii. p. 10.
Cocli litoma flammigera, Ferussac.
Bulimus Richii, Lamarck.
Achatina Richii, mihi, in Conch. Syst.
Ilab. Peru.
The columella being very slightly truncated in this
species, partakes very much of tlie character of H/ili/i/ia.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina ustulata. Achat, testd ci/liiidri
-oblongd
ill niifnii-lii iilliiiH, ,;;ii,iili.t, cnhuKrllii ■<nl„'i.iil„rlii,
abnipir IriiiicnUi, (iiicrhira parrii ■ Diyriiuiiilc-i'Knliiiirri,
strigis lulesceidibics loiigiluJitialiterfidgundia, ajii-rtiir^e
fauce carulescerde.
The burnt Achatina. Shell cyliudrieally oblong, spire
stretched out, whorls seven in number, granosely
striated, strias fading away in the last whorl, colu-
mella slightly twisted, abruptly truncated, aperture
small ; blackish chestnut, marked with longitudinal
yellowish zigzag streaks, interior of the apert\n-e
bluish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. viii. |).
297.
Cochlitoma ustulata, Ferussac.
Ilab. Cape of Good Hope ; Krauss.
Well characterized bv
and style of painting.
Is cvlinilricallv drawn nut
Species 41. (Mus. Ilolfe.)
Achatina lactea. Achat, testd ovatd, crassiusculd, an-
fractibus tmiiidinscidis, nndique plicato-striatis et gra-
iiatis, culiimclld arena fa, callosd, attenuate truncatd ;
intus e.iiiisqiiL' lactea, iiiimacidatd.
The cream-coloured Achatina. Shell ovate, rather
thick, whorls somewhat swollen, plicately striated and
grained, columella arched, callous, attenuately trun-
cated, cream-coloured within and without, unspotted.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1842. p.. 55. Conch. Syst. vol. ii.
p. 86.pl. 177. f 6.
Ilab. Zanzibar.
An extremely characteristic species of a pure luulbrni
cream colour without any indication of pattern.
The specimen originally described, and from which the
accompanying figure from the Concliologia Systematica
was engraved, is in the possession of the llev. S. C. E.
Neville Rolfe of Heacham Hall. Mr. Cuming has since
obtained similar specimens from Zanzibar.
Achiluta li XUI.
\
'C^y
I
Scwcrby,^?! ctlith.
"VirvcciU Broate.^p
A C H A T I N A
Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATlNA Algira. Acliat. testd acuminato-oblotigd,
tenui, pellucidd, epidermiie palUdi stramined, anfmc-
tibus sex ad septem, hngitndinaUter subrude tenuktria-
tis, coltmieUd arcnatd.
The Algerine Achatina. Shell aeuminately oblong,
thin, transpai-ent, with a pale straw-coloured epider-
mis, whorls six to seven in number, longitudinally
rather rudely finely striated, columella arched.
Deshayes, Expedition de Moree, p. 165.
Bul'mms Ali/inis, Bruguiere.
CockUcopa Foirdi, Ferussae.
Achatina Poireti, Eossmasler.
Hab. Southern Europe and Algeria.
This delicate and weU-knowu species inhabits the pro-
vinces of Austria and Italy, the Morea, some of the Islands
of the Mediterranean, and the Algerine district of North
Africa.
Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina cyanostoma. Achat, testd elontjato-turr'dd,
tenui, snbpellucidd, anfractibus novem ad decern, obscure
irregulariter tenuisiriatis, columelld angustd, arcuatd ;
albido-cornc'd, castaneo-fusco nitente hngitudinaliter
titicld, aperturcB fauce cmrulescente .
The blue-mouth Achatina. Shell elongately turreted,
thin, semitransparent, whorls nine to ten in number,
obscm-ely ii-regularly finely striated, columella narrow,
arched ; whitish horn-colour, longitudinally stained
with shining chestnut-brown, interior of the aperture
bluish.
RUPPELL, Pfeifi'er, Symbola;, vol. ii. f. 58.
Kab. Abyssinia; Eiippell.
The rich chestnut-brown colouring of this species resides
only in a thin horny epidermal coating with which it is
Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina tukkis. Achat, testd oblongo-turritd, tenui-
culd, diaphand, anfractibus septem, longitndinaliter
creberrimii et tenuissime costidato-striatis, columelld
recta, abrnpte truncatd, aperturd pand ; pallide
The tueeet Achatina. Shell oblong-tm-reted, rather
thin, diaphanous, whorls seven in number, longitu-
dinally very closely and finely rib-bke striated, colu-
mella straight, abruptly truncated, aperture small ;
pale flesh-colour.
Pfeiffer, Symbols, vol. iii. f 91.
Hab. . ?
Distinguished from the following species, to which it is
nearly allied, by its more elongated structure and smaller
apertm-e, and more delicate striae.
species 46. (Fig. o, Mus. Cumiuii
Mus. Dennison.)
Fiic. b.
Achatina rosea. Achat. cyUndraceo-oblongd, interdum
sitbfusiformi, anfractibus septem, ad suturas niargbiati^,
longitudinaliter creberrime costulato-striatis, striii in-
terstitiisquepunctato-indentatis, columelhi subprofundi
arcuatd et contortd, ubrupte truncatd ; stramined,vel,
rosed, vel pallide incarnato spadiced.
The rose Achatina. Shell cylindi-ically oblong, some-
times inclined to fusiform, whorls seven in number,
marginated at the sutures, longitudinally very closely
rib-like striated, striae and interstices indented with
punctures, columella rather deeply arched and twisted,
abruptly truncated ; straw-colour, or rose, or light
flesh-bay.
Gray, Annals of Philosophy, vol. ix. p. 414.
Cochlicopa rosea, Fe'russac.
Olandina rosea, Pfeiffer.
Hab. Central America (at the roots of trees) ; Cuming.
Honduras; Dyson. Vera Cruz, &c.
Distinguished from its congeners by the minute in-
dented punctures which characterize the surface of the
shell in aU its varieties.
Species 47. (ilus. Cuming.)
Achatina truncata. Achat, testd fusiformi-oblongd,
subangustd, anfractibus sex, longitudinaUier creberrime
plicato-cvsfulato-striatis, columelld arcuatd et contortd ;
cinerascente-rosaced, apertura fauce rosacea.
The truncated Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong,
rather narrow, whorls six in number, longitudinally
very closely plicately rib-like striated, columella arched
and twisted ; ashy-pink, interior of the aperture pink.
March, 1849.
A-CHATINA.— Plate Xlll.
Glandina Inincata, Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 20.
Eab. Florida.
This very interesting shell is, without doubt, the Glau-
dina Iruncata of Say, according to his figure, but whether
it is the original Bulla Iruncata of Gmelin, it is impossible
to tell; for Gmelin, like Say in the instance before us, may
have confounded two or three species as synonyms under
one specific name. A close examination of the characters
of the shell under consideration, which, as being the
species figured by Say, may as well liave the name truncata
assigned to it, will show that it is perfectly distinct. The
rib-like stria? have a more elevated plicate structure, and
they differ materially in having no indented punctures ; the
colouring is also peculiar, the aperture being tinged \vith
a rich flesh-pink.
Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATINA Vanuxbmensis. Achat, testa fuaiformi-ovatd,
tenui, inflatd, anfractibussex, longitudinaUter coslulato-
striatis, ad mturas marginatk, culumelld arcmtd ;
fulvd, fusco hie illic pallide strigatd, maculk nubolj-
scuris aliidis spanimjloecatd.
Vanuxemen's Achatina. Shell fusiformly ovate, thin,
inflated, whorls si\ in number, longitudinally rib-like
striated, marginated at the sutures, columella arched ;
fulvous, palely streaked here and there with brown,
sparingly flaked with rather obscure white spots.
Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (Extr.) p. 196, pi. 19. f. 78.
Hab. Mexico.
This species of Mr. Lea's approaches very closely to
that subsequently named A. Sowerbyana, by Dr. Pfeiff^er,
represented at PI. VIIL The white flakes serve never-
theless to distinguish it.
■ichutma ri xn.
I
A'
%,
i^owyi-by.dcJ cL lith.
"Vincent biooKs,feip
A C H A T I N A .
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATiNA Philippiana. Achat, testdfusiformi-ovata,
subpellucidd, anfractibus octo, superne rotundaiis, im-
dique longitudinaliter crebi^rrime costulatis, columelld
contortd, attenuate truncatd, aperturd parviusculd,
medio subdepressd ; sericeo-lutesceide, strigu htis in-
tense purpureo-brunneh, e suturis hie illic decnrrentibns,
compicue. pictd.
Philippi's Achatina. Shell fusiformly ovate, some-
what transparent, whorls eight in number, rounded
at the upper part, longitudinally vei-y closely tinely
ribbed tliroughout, columella twisted, attenuately
truncated, aperture rather small, slightly depressed
in the middle ; pale silken yellow, conspicuously
painted with broad deep pm-ple-brown streaks, des-
cending here and there from the sutures.
Pfeiffer, {OlamUna,) Symbolse, vol. iii. p. 90.
Hah. Jamaica, Gosse.
The fine ribs with which the surface of this shell is
excessively closely sculptured, give it a delicate silken aspect.
It is veiy richly painted in the manner above described.
Species 50. (Mus. Dennison.)
Achatina monilifera. Achat, testd oblongo-ovatd, veti-
tricosd, tenia, pellucidd, anfractibus septern, longitudi-
naliter creberrime costulato-striatis, striis basin versus
evanidis, colmnelld contortd, airupte truncatd; fiilvo-
rosed, corned, strigis angnstis remotis rufo-brmums
irregulariter pictd.
The necklace-bound Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate,
ventricose, thin, transparent, whorls seven in number,
longitudinally very closely striated after the manner
of fine ribs, striae fading towards the base, columella
twisted, abruptly truncated; fidvous-rose, horny,
irreg-ularly painted with distant narrow red-brown
streaks.
Pfeiffer, (Olandina,) Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845. p. 75.
Hab. Coban, Vera Cruz, Central America ; Lattre.
An extremely delicate transparent swollen shell in which
the columella is not attenuated as in the last species, but
abruptly tmncated.
Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina oleacea. .-Ichaf. testa cyVmdraceo-oblongd,
pellucido-corned, spird brevi, anfractibus septern, hevi-
gatis, columelld subprofunde arcuatd, aperturd oblongd,
superne atigustd, labro medio dilatato ; fulvd, nitente.
The olive-shaped Achatina. Shell cylindrically
oblong, transparent-horny, spire short, whorls seven
in number, smooth, columella rather deeply arched,
aperture oblong, narrow at the upper part, lip dUated
in the middle ; fulvous, shining.
Helix (Cochlicopa) oleacea, Femssac, Prodrome, No. 360.
Glandina oleacea, Beck.
Hab. Cuba.
A smooth transparent fidvous homy shell, of cyhndric
oblong form, without any design of painting.
Species hi. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina leicozonias. Achat, testdfusiformi-oblongd,
spird snbacKminatd, anfractibus octo, plano-convexis,
loHgifndinaliter subtiliter et creberrime inciso-striatis.
columelld contortd, aperturd
dilatato ; interne purpureo-brumied, zonidis longitudi-
nalibus angustis albis notatd, labro alhimarginato.
The white-zoned Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong,
spii-e somewhat acuminated, whorls eight in number,
flatly convex, longitudinally finely and veij closely
striated in a gi-ooved manner, columella twisted,
aperture oblong, lip angularly dilated ; deep purple-
brown, marked with narrow longitudinal white zones,
lip edged with white.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, f. 3.
Valuta leucozonias, Walch, Natnrforsch, vol. iv. p. to. pi. 1.
f. 3, 4.
Achatina albolineata, Lamarck.
Helix {Cochlicopa,) leucozonias, Ferussac.
Polyphemus leucozonias, Jan.
Glmidina leucozonias. Beck.
Hah. Martinique.
This species is remarkable for the angularly dilated
growth of the lip, which forms a slightly elevated ridge or
varix at intervals of from four to five in a whorl. The
shell being of a uniform dark purple-brown colour with
the lip edged with white, these delicate concentric varices
appear as stripes, and tui-ning inwards over the columella
have the appearance of false plaits. Walch, Gmelin, and
Dillwyn, misled by this varicose peculiarity of growth,
April, 1S49.
ACHATINA.— Plate XIV.
and regarding the columella to be truly plaited, placed
the species among the Mitres in their gemis Volulu.
Species 53. (Mus. Cuuiiug.)
AcuATlNA Lattrei. Achat, lesid cyUndraceo-oblongd,
Folvariaformi, spird Irevi, anfradibus septem, convexo-
plauis, ItBvi&us, cuticulam carneam politam indutis,
colmnelld contortd, lird callosd marginatd, aperturd
elongatd, angudd; fulvd, nifo-brunneo longitudinu-
lite)- mibremote strigatd.
Lattre's Achatina. Shell cylindrically oblong, Vol-
varia-shaped, spire short, whorls seven in number,
convexly flattened, smooth, covered with a polished
homy cuticle, columella twisted, edged mth a caUous
ridge, aperture elongated and narrow ; fulvous, lon-
gitudinally rather remotely streaked with red -brown.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845. p. 138.
Hab. Central America ; Lattre.
The shell of this species approaches the form of Volvaria
oy ToruateUa, though totally unconnected with those
genera ; the columella is not, however, plaited, but elevated
at the base into a callous ridge, as in the Achatina columna.
The entire surface of the shell is covered with a perfectly
transparent polished horny cuticle, through which the dark
stripes show with additional lustre.
It is a rare and extremely interesting species, collected
by M. Lattre in Central America, probably in the province
of Vera Cniz, and named by Dr. Pfeiffer in honour of that
r'lniiu'iit traveller.
Species 54-. (Mus. Dennison.)
Acii.^.TiNA NIGRICANS. Achat, testd obloiigo-ovatd, soU-
d'msculd, anfractibm septem, convexis, mperrm subtiliter
concentrice striatis, deinde lisvibus, cuticulam comeam
polifa-iii iiidi/lia, colmnelld brevi, contortd, attenuate
Iniiii::/,!, iijui-liird oblongd, labro medio subdilatato ;
lir\ihi-)iiijrd^ xiituris basique fiilvis, strigis fulvis per-
puiirls longitudinalibm notatd.
Tub isLACKisH Achatina. Shell oblong-ovatc, rather
solid, whorls seven in number, convex, finely concen-
trically striated round the upper part, then smooth,
covered with a polished horny cuticle, columella short,
twi-trd, nitriiiiately truncated, aperture oblong, bp
>li^;lill\ ilihili'd in the middle; livid-black, sutures
aii'l ha^c liilviiu*, marked with a very few fulvous
streaks.
Pfeiffer, {Glamlina,) Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845. p. 75.
Ilab. Vera Cruz, Central America; Lattre.
.\ii interesting species, covered with a transparent
cuticle of the same highly glazed character as the pre-
cetling, from the same locality, more swollen in fonn, and
of a peculiar dark beetle bro\ra or black.
Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina voluta. Achat testd siibcylindraceo-oilongd,
oleuced, solidiusculd, spird brevi, anfractibm septem,
subplano-convexis, lesvibtis, cuticulam comeam politam
indutis, columella brevi, arcuatd, abrupte truncatd,
aperturd elongatd, arujustd, labro 'medio subdilatato ,-
olivaceo-brunnescente, subindistincte longiludinaliter
strigatd.
The volute Achatina. Shell somewhat cylindrically
oblong, olive-shaped, rather soUd, spire short, whorls
seven in number, somewhat flatly convex, smooth,
covered with a pobshed horny cuticle, columella short,
arched, abmptly truncated, apertm-e elongated, nar-
row. Lip slightly dilated in the middle ; light oHve-
browu, somewhat indistinctly longitudinally streaked.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii. p. 300, note.
Bulla voluta, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ix. pt. 2. p. 16.
pL117.f. 1009, 1010.
Bulimus glans, Bruguiere.
Helia; (Cochlicopa) glans, Ferussac.
Achatina glatu, Lamarck.
Polyplienius glans, De Montford.
Glandina glans. Beck.
Glandina olivacea, Schumacher.
Hab. West Indies.
The above species may be regarded as the type of this
shining horn-clad group. Though of rare occuiTence, it is
admirably figured in vol. ix. of the Conchy ben Cabinet, pub-
lished in 1786.
Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Dojiinicensis. Achat, testd fusiformi-oblongd,
anfractibus septem, convexis, superne subrotundatis, lon-
giludinaliter suitilissime et creberriirie ineiso-striatis,
columelld suicontortd, labro medio dilatato ; fulvo-
aurantid, strigis latiusculis intense caslaneis, remofis, e
suturis descetidentibus, notatis.
The St. Domingo Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong,
whorls seven in number, convex, somewhat rounded
at the upper part, longitudinally very finely and
closely deeply striated, columella rather twisted, lip
dilated in the middle ; fulvous-orange, marked with
distant rather broad dai-k chestnut streaks descending
from the sutures.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. viii, p. 302, note.
Bulla Bominicensis, Gnielin.
ACHATINx\ -Plate XIY.
Ifelix {Cochlicopa) Dominicensh, Perussac.
BiiUmus macvlatus, Bniguiere.
Aclmthia fmco-lineata, Lamarck.
Piibjphi'imis Brugtuereus, Bowditch.
(iliindhia maculata, Beck.
Jla/j. West Indies.
The varicose peculiarity of growtli whicli cluiracterizes
the ./. leucozonias, is developed in a less prominent degree in
this species, the contrast of painting being reversed. The
.4. leucozonias, is of a dark chestnut-browu marked with
longitudinal white stripes, in places where the white-
edged lip has been matured after the manner of a vai-ix. In
the present species the shell is of a uniform orauge-yeUow,
and the periodical matiu-ity of the lip is indicated in its
eo\n-se of growth, about four to five times in a whorl, by
a broad chestnut stripe.
Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATiNA Peruviana. Achat, testa fimiformi-oblongd,
sjiira suturls peculiariter profimcle excavatis, aiifrac-
tibtts suhplano-coneexis, longitudhmlih'r i-rflvrriine cos-
tulaiis, interstitiis transvershn aul'^nlii-stnulis, colu-
melld contortd, et airupte truucutd, aperlurd obloiigd ;
nlbd, flamniis undatis longitudinalibus, lineolisque
obliquis rufo-fuscis, conspicue pictd.
The Peruvian Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong,
sutures of the spire peculiarly deeply excavated,
whorls rather flatly convex, longitudinally very closely
finely ribbed, interstices marked transversely with
grooved striae, columella twisted and abruptly trun-
cated, aperture oblong ; white, conspicuously painted
with red-brown longitudinal flames and oblique lines.
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. (Deshayes' ed.) vol. viii. p. 301.
HelLv (Cocldicopa) pretiosa, Ferussae, Hist. Moll. pi. 135.
f. 4.
Hah. Peru; Dombey (fide Lamarck).
This species belongs apparently to a distinct type, the
chief peculiarity of which resides in the deeply grooved
formation of the sutm'es. It is of rather solid texture
mth somewhat the aspect of a marine shell, finely ribbed
longitudinally, the ribs turning over the upper edge of the
whorls into the sutural depression. In painting it is richly
marked with red brown stripes, crossed ohliquely with
fine lines of the same colour.
Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina glabra. Acfmt. testd acuminato-ovatd, tenui-
ric/d, anfractihus septeni ad ocio, subtil'mimi longitudi-
nal iter striatis, glabris, nitidis, colutmlld brevi, arcuatd
et contortd ; futvesceute corned, strigis fuscis re)notis,
sutiiris aii/ractuttm tnedio descendentibus, ornutd.
The smooth Achatina. Shell acuminately ovate, rather
thin, whorls seven to eight in number, very finely
longitudinally striated, smooth, shining, columella
short, arched and twisted ; light fulvous horn-colour,
ornamented with distant brown streaks, descending
from the sutm'es to the middle of the whorls.
Pfeiefer, {Glandina) Symbolee, vol. iii. p. 90.
Hab. Island of Porto llico.
This species has a smooth glazed appearance, but not
arising from the lustre of a horny cuticle, such as that
which characterizes the A. Lattrei and its congeners.
JcUahfta Ji AT
I
«
K B I: K imj
A C H A T I N A
Plate XV.
Species 59. (Mus. Benson.)
AcHATlNA Ceylanica. Achat, tcsld ovato-ohlongd, spird
mbpTjmmidatd, anfractihus scptem, rotuitdatis, lavihus,
poliiis, columelld brevi, arcunld, nhrupte iruncatd ; ful-
vescente-corned.
The Ceylon Achatina. Shell ovatcly oblong, spire
somewliat pyi-amidal, whorls seven in number,
rounded, smooth, polished, columella short, arched,
abruptly truncated ; pale fulvous horny.
Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fm- Malac., 1845, p. 157.
Hab. Ceylon; Benson, Templetou.
Chiefly distinguisted by the confined pyramidal growth
of the spire, and short arched columella. The specimen
here figured, for which I am indebted to Ml-. Benson, was
found under some fallen leaves in a grove near Point de
Galle.
Species GO. (JIus. Cuming.)
AcHATl.NA PniLLlPSll. Achat, testa acmninato-fiisifonm,
tenui, pelluc'uld, anfractibus octo, longitudinaliter stri-
atulis, columelld vix arcuatd, attenuate tnmcatd, aper-
turd pared ; fulvescente-corned, strigis castaiieis hie
illic concinne pictd.
Phillips' Achatina. Shell acumiuately fusiform, thin,
transparent, whorls eight in number, longitiulinally
faintly striated, columella slightly arched, attenuately
truncated, aperture small ; light fulvous horny, neatly
painted here and there with chestnut stripes.
Adams, Pro. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, 1845, p. 13.
Hab. Jamaica; Gosse.
A very delicate transparent horny species, neatly painted
at irregular intervals with longitudinal chestnut stripes.
Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Jamaicensis. Achat, tedd fusiformi -tumid,
cramusculd, anfractibus decern eo/ivexis, longitudinaliter
creberrime multicostatis, ad suturas subtiliter cremt-
latis, columelld subrectd, attemtate truncatd, aperturd
parvd; pelliicido-albd, strigis rufo-fuscis raris oblique
pictd.
The Jamaica Achatina. Shell fusiformly turreted,
rather tliick, whorls ten in number, longitudinally
very closely many-ribbed, finely erenulated at the
sutures, columella nearly straight, attenuately trun-
May,
cated, aperture small ; transparent white, obliquely
painted with a few red-brown streaks.
Pfeiffee, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 137.
Eab. Jamaica; Gosse.
This species is finely ribbed after the manner of a Pnpa,
where others are simply striated. The painting is arranged
oblic[uely.
Species G3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina obtdsa. Achat, testd subfusifornii-ublouyd,
crassimculd, pvlhiviJd, njiird subobtusd, anfractibus
septem, Ifgvibu.s, ml sidiiras ,iiarginatis, columelld vix
contortd, abrupte Ininvatd ■ fii/oesceiite-corned.
The obtuse Achatina. Shell somewhat fusiformly
oblong, rather thick, transparent, spire somewhat
obtuse, whorls seven in number, smooth, niaigiued at
the sutures, columella slightly twisted, abruptly tnui-
cated ; light fulvous horny.
Pfeiffee, (Olaudina,) Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 42.
Ilab. Real Llejos, Province of Nicaragua, Central America ;
Cuming.
Rather a stout shell, liut still of so transparent a sub-
stance that the columella of the interior is visible.
Species 63. (Mus. Cmning.)
Achatina venusta. Achat, testd subfusiformi-oblougd,
anfractibus septem, longitudinaliter creberrime costu-
lato-st)-iatis, columelld vix contortd, attenuate trun-
catd; pellucido-rosed, strigis casianeis, albi-warginatis,
hie illic e sntwris medio descendentibm.
The graceful Achatina. Shell somewhat fusiformly
oblong, whorls seven in number, longitudinally very
closely sculptured with fine rib-like striae ; columella
scarcely twisted, attenuately truncated ; transpai-ent
rose-coloured, with white edged chestnut streaks des-
cending here and there out of the sutures to the
middle.
Pfeiffer, (Glandina,) Symbolre, vol. i. p. 40.
Hab. Jamaica.
A delicately rose-tinged species, painted with chestnut
streaks edged with white.
ACHATINA.— Plate XV.
Species 0-1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Acii.'iTiN A G KiFFiTHSii. Achat, tedd subfmformi, spira
acuminata, arifracmus novem, creherrimeet sitUilmme
eostulato-striatis, ■ultimo medio impresso, hasi expanso,
columella contorts, attenuate truncatd; pellucido-albd,
strir/is castaneis sparsis oblique pictd.
Griffith's Aciiatina. Shell somewhat fusiform, spire
acuminated, whorls nine in number, very closely and
finely sculptured with rib-like striae, last whorl im-
pressed in the middle and expanded at the base, colu-
mella twisted, attenuately truncated; transparent-
white, obliquely painted with scattered chestnut
streaks.
Adams, Pro. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, 1845, p. 14.
Ha/j. Jamaica.
The compressed growth of the last whorl has very much
the appearance of an accidental distortion.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcuATlNA Bangiana. Jcluit. testd eloiigatu-tnrrild,
crassd, solidd, anfractihus undecim, plano-convexia, suh-
tilissinie arcuatim striatis, lineis impressis spiralibus
subdistantibus obscure notatis, columella simplici, callo-
sd, vix truncatd, aperturd parvd ; albido-strmidiu'd.
Bang's Achatina. Shell elongately turreted, thick,
solid, whorls eleven in number, flatly convex, very
finely arcuately striated, obscurely marked with
rather distant impressed spiral lines, columella simple,
callous, scarcely truncated, aperture small ; whitish
straw-colour.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 115.
Hah. Republic of Mexico ; Linden.
A sheU of peculiarly solid growth verging on Bulinius,
allied to the elongately turreted group of that genus of
which B. calcareus is the type.
Species 06. (Mus. Cuming.)
Aciiatina Tortillana. Achat, testd subfusiformi-
oblonyd, subventricosd, anfractihus septem, subtilissime
et creberrime costulato-.siriatis, columella coniortd et
attenuate truncatd; lutescente-corned, pelliicidd, quasi
vitred.
The Tortilla Aciiatina. Shell somewhat fnsiformly
oblong, rather ventricose, whorls seven in number,
very finely and closely rib-like striated, columella
twisted and attenuately truncated ; yellowish horny,
transparent, as though glassy.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 32.
Hah. Tortilla, Central America.
The opake blotches and streaks described by Dr. Pfeiffer,
appear to be merely accidental in the individual specimen.
Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina assimilis. Achat, testd oblorigd, apice sub-
obf/isd, anfractihus sex, Icevibus, politis, e suiuris sub-
tilissime impresso-striatis, superne tenuimarginatis,
columelld breviter reflexd, aperturd ohlongd ; vivide
pellucido-corned.
The allied achatina. Shell oblong, rather obtuse at
the apex, whorls sis in number, smooth, polished,
very finely impressly striated at the sutures, thinly
margined round the upper part, columella shortly
reflected, aperture oblong ; bright transparent horny.
Hab ?
This approaches very closely to the A. obtiisa, Sp. 62,
but is of more transparent texture, whilst the columella is
less abruptly truncated. The sheU is composed of a
whorl less in number, and the spire is shorter.
Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Hugeli. Achat, testd pyramidali-oblongd, an-
fractihus decern, rotundatis,superne subtilissime arcuatim
striatis, ad suturas 'minute ma7-ginatis, columelld valde
arcuatd et contortd, aperturd parvd; pellucido-albi-
caiite, hyalim, epidermide ienui corned lutescente.
Hugel's Aciiatina. SheU pyramidally oblong, whorls
ten in number, rounded, very finely arcuatciy stri-
ated at the upper part, minutely margined at the
sutures, columella much arched and twisted, a])erture
small ; transparent whitish, hyaline, with a thin
yellowish horny epidermis.
Pfeiffer, Symbols, vol. ii. f. 58.
mb. — ? '
A neat hyaline species of pyramidal gi'owth, marked with
delicate covered striaa round the upper part of the whorls,
which become fainter as the shell approaches maturity.
Arha/tNa.n.ATJ
73
1
t
i
74 .
i
R B,* Rimp
ACHATINA.
Species 69. (Mus. Cummg.)
AcHATlNA EKECTA. AcJutt. tmtd siMonyato-turrUu, so-
lidiusculd, apice obtusd, anfractibus odo, convexis,
arctiat'm driatulis, suturis impressis, columelld coii-
tortd, attenuaQ truncatd, aperturd parvd, suhrotun-
datd ; sordide fuhescenie .
The erect Achatina. Shell somewhat elongately tur-
reted, rather solid, obtuse at the apex ; wiiorls eight
in number, convex, finely areuately striated, sutures
impressed, columella twisted, attenuately truncated,
aperture small, rather rounded ; dull fulvous colour.
Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix. p. 487.
Eah. China.
Mr. Benson notices this species as inhabiting the island
of Chusan and environs of !Macao, and M. Largilliert has
received it from Nanking.
Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina vivipaea. Achat, testdelongnto-tiirritd, snf/in's
impressis, anfractibus decern, creberrime subtilissime
costulato-striatis, ultimo basi subangulato, columelld
temicidd, contortd, attenuate truncatd, aperturd parvd ;
pellucido-stram ined.
The vivipaeocs Achatina. SheU elongately tun-eted,
sutures impressed, whorls ten in number, very closely
sculptm-ed with fine rib-like strise, last whorl slightly
angled at the base, columella rather thin, twisted,
attenuately truncated, aperture small ; transparent
straw-coloiu'.
Sowerby, Malac. and Conch. Mag., vol. i. p. 27.
Hah. ?
Thou^'h of delicate transparent texture, this shell is of
rather solid grow'tli, the whorls rounded and aperture small.
Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Frasem. Achat, testd subulato-turritd, apice
obtusd, subpapillari, anfractibus decern ad undccim,
plano-convexis, lavibm, ad suturas subtilissime pUcato-
cretiulatis, columelld arcuatd, abrupte truncatd; ful-
vescente-nlbd, epidermide corned, olivaced, obscure f/isco-
strigatd indutd.
Fraser's Achatina. Shell subulately- tun-eted, apex
olituse, rather papillary, whorls ten to eleven in
]\Iav,
number, flatly convex, smooth, very finely pKcately
crenulated at the sutures, columella arched, abruptly
truncated ; pale fidvous white, covered with an olive
horny epidermis, obscurely streaked with brown.
Pfeiffer, Symbolje, vol. iii. p. 90.
Ilab. Banks of the river Nun, Africa.
Dr. Pfeiffer quotes as synonymous with this species, on
the authority of a label in Mr. Cuming's cabinet, A. invo-
lutus, Gould, from Cape Pabnas.
Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina clavata. Achat, testd acmniuato-turritd, an-
fractibus decern., creberrime subtiliter costulatis, costulis
apiceni versus remotioribus, columelld subcontortd,
abrupt^ truncatd; albidd, epidermide sordidi strambud
indutd.
The clatate Achatina. Shell acuminately tuiTcted,
whorls ten in number, very closely finely ribbed, ribs
more distant towards the apex, columella sKghtly
twisted, abruptly truncated ; whitish, covered with a
dull straw-coloured epidermis.
Gray, Loudon's Magazine, New Series, vol. i. p. 487.
Rab. Sierra Leone.
It is a character to be observed in this species, that the
delicate longitudinal ribs are rather distant on the first few
whorls of the shell, and become gradually finer and closer
towards the aperture.
Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina semitaeum. Acliat. testd subulatd, tenuissimd,
apice subpapillari, anfractibus novem ad decern, planu-
latis, subtilissime superficialiter striatis, nitidis superiie
marr/inatis, columelld arcuatd, attenuate truncatd, aper-
turd suboblonyd ; pellucido-corned.
The winding-path Achatina. SheU subulate, very
thin, somewhat papillary at the apex, whorls nine to
ten in number, flattened, very finely superficially stri-
ated, shining, margined roimd the upper part, colu-
mella arched, attenuately trancated, aperture rather
oblong ; transparent homy.
Helix semitarum, Eang, Pfeiffer, Symbola;, vol. ii. p. 59.
West Imlies.
Hub
I The sutural margin of the whc
1849.
characterized bv
ACHATINA.— Plate XVL
delicate spiral cord, wliich Dr. Pfeiffer does not appear to
have remarked.
H. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achat, testa subnlato-turritd.
i?peci
ACHATINA STRIATELL.\
ttnui, anfractibus demn, creberrime et sMU'mime cos-
tulato-striatis, ultimo obscure angulato, snbproducto,
columella tenui, contortd, attenuate truncatd, aperturd
pared, oblongo-ovatd ; pellucido-corned.
The finely striated Achatina. Shell subulately tur-
reted, thin, whorls ten in number, very closely sculp-
tured with fine ribs, last whorl obscurely angled and
slightly produced, columella thin, twisted, attenuately
truncated, aperture small, oblong-ovate ; transparent
horny.
Helu: strialella. Rang, Aunales Sci. Nat. vol. xxiv. p. 38.
pi. 3. f. 7.
Hab. Prince's Island, West Afiiea ; Eang.
The sculpture of this shell is not unlike the AcJiatina vi-
vipam, which is of a stouter texture and less subulate fonn.
Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina clayus. Achat, testd acutninato-oblongd, sub-
Piipaformi, solidiusculd, anfractibus novem ad decern,
plano-comexis, exilissinw arcuate striatis, columella
areuatd, aperturd parvitcsculd ; sordide olivaced, epi-
dermide tenui corned bruimescente indutd.
The nail Achatina. Shell acuminately oblong, some-
what Pupa-shaped, rather solid, whorls nine to ten in
number, flatly convex, very delicately striated in a
curved direction, columella arched, aperture rather
small ; dull olive, covered with a thin brownish epi-
dermis.
Pfeiffer, Symbols, vol. iii. ]>. 90.
Uah. ?
This species has a much more soUd appearance than the
rest of the group.
Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina tenuispira. Achat, testd elongato-turritd,
suturis suhprofunde impressis, anfractibus undedm,
tenuissime elevato striatis, columelld valde areuatd;
pellucido-corned.
The thin spire Achatina. SheU elongately-turreted,
sutures rather deeply impressed, whorls eleveu in
number, very finely elevately striated, columella much
arched ; transparent horny.
Benson, Journ. Asiatic Soc, 183(3, vol. v. p. 353.
Hab. Darjeeling, Sikkim-Himalaya.
A delicate transparent species from the locahty in which
Dr. Hooker is at this moment occupied in his natm-al
history researches.
Fig. 77. (Mus. Cuming.)
For description of this species, see Bulimus, PL LXX.
For Achatina, Sp. 77, see PI. XXI.
Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina paxillus. Achat, testd subulatd, subfimformi,
solidiusculd, basi rotnndatd, (nifnirlihii.s injirm, sub-
plano-convexis, oblique tenicistrioti^. r„hi„irlld areuatd,
subcoutortd, aperturd parvd ; alhnlil, epuhrndde tenui
corned luteo-oUvaced indutd.
The peg Achatina. Shell subulate, somewhat fusi-
form, rather solid, rounded at the base, whorls nine
in number, rather flatly convex, obliquely finely stri-
ated, columella ai-ched, slightly twisted, aperture
small ; whitish, covered with a thin horny yellowish-
olive epidermis.
Hab. ?
This is rather a stout shell, peculiarly rounded at the
base. In other respects it approaches veiy closely to
A. clavus.
Ac/HihNa.PljyjI.
i
I
AC H ATI N A.
Plate XVII.
Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcH.\TiNA Javanica. Achat, testa oblongo-turritd, an-
fractibiis ocfo, rotiaidntis, obscnre stiUilmime rudi
striatis, cohiiiU'Va tciiiii, attetmate truncatd, aperturd
parvd ; palVull: \lrii„i'inm.
The Java Achatixa. Shell oblong-tiin-eted, whorls
eight in number, rounded, obscurely very finely
rudely striated, columella thin, attenuately truncated,
aperture small; pale straw-colour.
Hah. Java.
Characterized in some measm-e by a delicate waxen
appearance.
Fig. 80. (Mus. Cuming.)
The shell here represented proves to be a variety of
../. striateUu, a species varying much in growth, but always
well characterized by its deUcate close-set rib-like strife.
For Achafma, Sp. 80. see. PI. XXI.
Fig. 81. (Mus. Cuming.)
For (lisvription of this species, see Bii/tmim. PI. LXX.
For JcIiafiHa, Sp. 81. see PI. XXI.
Species 83. (Mus. Benson.)
AcHATiNA AMENTUM. AcJiat. testd ci/l.indraceo-turritd,
temdssimd, anfractibvs novem, rotmidatis, ohscitre sub-
titissime plicato-striafis, columeUd arcnatd et contortd,
attenuate tnmcatd ; pelluddo-corned.
The thong Achatina. Shell cylindrically turreted,
very thin, whorls nine in number, rounded, obscui-ely
very finely pUcately striated, columella arched and
twisted, attenuately truncated ; transparent horny.
Benson, MSS.
Hah. Hovvrah, near Calcutta.
For this species I am indebted to Mr. Benson, who
relates having taken three specimens alive in 1835, from
beneath a fallen palm tree at Howrah, near Calcutta ; and
he is not aware that it has been collected since.
Species 8-3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina arcuata. Achat, testa subidatd, anfructihus
June,
octo, ptamdatis, Itevibus, potitis, striis subtUibns remo-
tiicscidis mpressis tomjitudimlitet- exsculptis, colutnelld
arcuata, abrupte truncatd; pellucido-tacted, strigia cas-
tamls perpamis angustk ornatd.
The aeched Achatina. Shell subulate, whorls eight
in number, flattened, smooth, polished, engraved
with rather distant fine impressed longitudinal stria,
columella arched, abruptly truncated; transparent
cream-colour, ornamented with a few narrow chestnut
streaks.
Pfeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1835. p. 138.
Hub. Jamaica ; Gosse.
A bright polished species, delicately grooved here and
there longitudinallv.
Species 8-1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina octona. Achat, testd subulato-turritd, suturis
impressis, anfractibus octo ad decern suhrotundatis, minu-
tissime striatis, niteiitibus, columeUd arcuatd, contortd,
parum tnmcatd, aperturd minimd; pellticido-cered,
pallide stramined.
The eight-whorled Achatina. Shell subulately tur-
reted, sutures impressed, whorls eight to ten in
number, somewhat rounded, very minutely striated,
shining, columella arched, twisted, but little truncated,
aperture very small ; transparent waxen, pale straw-
colour.
Gray, Annals of Philosophy, New Series, vol. ix. p. 414.
Heliv octona, Chemnitz.
Bnlimus octonus, Lamarck.
Hub. West Indies, South America, Pacific Islands.
This species, for which others have frequently been
mistaken, may be distinguished by its dehcate shining
surface and very transparent texture ; the sutures of the
spire are also peculiarly impressed, giving a globose form to
the whorls, It has a very wide range of habitatioif, and
is composed sometimes of eight, sometimes of ten whoi-ls.
Species 85. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina Cassiaca. Achat, testd elongato-snbutald, upice
suhpapillari, anfractibus quatuordecim ad ijuindecim,
plamdutis, oblique creberrime subrude costulato-striatis,
suturis impressis, columeUd arcuatd, abrupte truncatd;
alhidd, epidermide tenui olivaceu-fuscd iiiduld.
184y.
ACHATINA.— Plate XVII.
The Cassia Achatina. Shell elongately subulate, apex
somewhat papillary, whorls fourteen to fifteen in
number, flat, obliquely very closely and somewhat
rudely sculptured with rib-like striae, sutures im-
pressed, columella arched, abruptly trimcated ;
whitish, covered with a thin olive-brown epidermis.
Benson, MSS.
Hob. Cassia Hills, North East Fi-ontier of Bengal;
Dr. Griffith.
The rib-like stria; of this fine species, contributed by
Mr. Benson, have an oblique plicate growth.
Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina sulcata. Aeliat. testa elongato-iurritd, an-
fractiMs decern, oblique creberrime costulato-striatis,
an/ractu ultimo bad angulato, infra unguium striis
minus promhmitibus, columella, arcuatd ei eotitortd,
parum truncatd ; virente-stramined,
The gkooved Achatina. Shell elongately turreted,
whorls ten in number, obliquely very closely striated
after the manner of fine ribs, last whorl angled at the
base, striae beneath the angle less prominent, colu-
mella ai-ched and twisted, but little truncated ;
greenish straw-colom-.
Gray, Annals of Philosophy, New Series, vol. ix. p. 415.
Eab. West Indies.
I much doubt if the^. striattila of Eang is not a variety
of tills species, although the stria,- are finer and closer
together.
Fig. 87. OIus. Cuming.)
The shell here represented illustrates another form of
A. slriaiella, in which the colimiella is shorter and of
more callous substance.
Kg. 88. (Mus. Cuming.)
This shell, an authentic specimen of Dr. Gould's A. in-
volttta, from Cape Palmas, proves to be identical with
A. Frascri.
Por Achatina Sp. 87 and 88, see PI. XXI.
Achad/uL.ri lYIU.
I I
SI.
4
4
.i„«aBUti,A ■'" RB&Ruup
ACHATINA.
Species 89. (Mus. Cumiug.)
.VCHATINA SUBULATA. Achat testa a/lMraceo-oblonga,
spird subexsertd, anfractibiis sex ad septem, lavibm,
nitidis, snpremis conveximculis, reliquis sub-planulatis,
columella anguste truncatd, aperturd parviusculd,
oblongd; pellucido-cortied, lined spirali opacd sub-
obscurd infra suturas.
The subulate Achatina. Shell cyliiidrically oblong,
spire rather exserted, whorls six to seven iu number,
smooth, shining, the uppermost whorls rather convex,
the lower a Little flattened, columella narrowly trun-
cated, apertm'e rather small, oblong ; transparent
homy, with a somewhat obscure spiral opake line
beneath the sutm-es.
Pfeiffer, {Polgphmus) Wiegman's Archiv. 1839, vol. i.
p. 352.
Olandina siihulata, Philippi.
Helix on/saca, Kang.
Achatinn orysacea, D'Orbigny.
Hab. Cuba.
Distinguished from its allied species by a more oblong-
cvlindrical growth.
Species 90. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina incerta. Achat, testa oblongd, spird obtmim-
culd, anfractibus qiduque ad sex, subplamdatk, Icevibus,
nitidis, superne exilUer marginatis, columelld con-
spicue truncatd, aperturd oblongd, superne angustatd ;
pellucido-corned.
The doubtful Achatina. Shell oljlong, spire some-
what obtuse, whorls six in number, rather flattened,
smooth, shining, faintly margined round the upper
part, columella conspicuously truncated, aperture
oblong, narrowed at the upper part ; transparent
horny.
Hab. ?
Of a transparent horny substance, very like A. solidula,
from which it differs in being more ventrieose towards
the base.
Species 91. (Mus. Cuming.)
achatina cylindracea. Achat, testa cglindraceo-ovatd,
tenuiculd, spird brevissimd, conoided, anfractibus quin-
que, cunwxo-planis, lavibus, politis, columelld e.vcamUu,
lira callosd angustd basi conspicue marginatd, aperturd
suqiernii elongatd et angustatd, pellucido-corned.
The cylindrical Achatina. Shell eylindrieally ovate,
rather tliin, spire very short, conoid, whorls five iu
number, convesly flattened, smooth, polished, colu-
mella excavated, conspicuously edged at the base
with a narrow callous ridge, aperture elongate and
narrowed at the upper part ; transparent horny.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1840. p. 31.
Hab. Tortilla, Central America.
Tlie struetui-e of this species is similar to that of tlie
A. Lattrei, in which the columella instead of being trun-
cated turns up at the edge, as in the present species, into
a callous ridge.
Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina solidula. Achat, testd cylindraceo-ublongd,
spird brevi, anfractibus quinque ad sex, subplanulatii,
Icevibus, politis, superne exiliter marginatis, columelld
brtsvi, arcuatd, abrupte truncatd, aperturd oblongd,
superne angustatd ; pellucido-corned.
The rather-solid Achatina. Shell cyKndrieally
oblong, spire short, whorls five to six iu number,
rather flattened, smooth, polished, faintly margined
at the upper part, columella short, arched, abruptly
truncated, aperture oblong, narrowed at the upjier
part ; transparent horny.
Pfeiffer, Wiegman's Archiv. 184-0, vol. i. \i. 353.
Glandiiia solidula, Philippi.
Hab. Cuba.
A bright transparent shell of rather stouter growth
than most of this group.
Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Porto-Ricensis. Achat, testd oblougo-tur-
ritd, anfractibus octo, convexis, Icevibus, politis, lineis
impressis longiludinalibus subobscure exsculptis, colu-
melld arcuatd, abrupte truncatd, aperturd parviusculd ;
cinerascente-corned, strigis saturatioribus ornatd.
The Pobto-Uico Achatina. Shell oblong-turreted,
whorls eight in number, convex, smooth, polished,
rather obscurely seidptured with impressed longitu-
dinal lines, columella arched, abruptly truncated,
June, 1 849
ACHATINA.— Plate XVIII.
aperture rather small ; pale ash horn-colour, orna-
mented with darker stripes.
Pfeiffer, Monog:. Helic. viv. vol. ii. p. 258.
Hnh. Island of St. John, Porto Rico.
Tlierc is a peculiarity of form, as well as of colour,
ill this species.
Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.)
.\CUATINA CURVILABRIS. Jchat. testd fitsiformi, spird
acuminatd, anfractibics octo, creierrime cosiulato-stria-
iis, ad sutnras marginatis, colmnelld contortd, basi sub-
productdei truncatd, labro medio impresso ; pelluci-
do-corned, strigh angmtk alhidis obscure, notatd, labii
Umbo albido.
'I'liF, CURVED-LIP Acii.\ti.n;a. Shell fusiform, spire acu-
minated, whorls eight in number, very closely sculp-
tured with rib-like striae, margined at the sutures,
columella twisted, somewhat produced and truncated
at the base ; transparent horny, obscurely marked
with narrow whitish streaks, edge of the lip whitish.
Pfeiffer, (Glandma,) Pro. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 137.
Hab. Jamaica; Gosse.
Belonging to the group typified by the A. lenrozonins,
the shell is marked in like manner by white streaks depo-
sited at intervals by the lip after the fashion of varices.
Fig. 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
Eor descri])tion of this species see Bidimus, PI. LXX.
For Aehalina, Sp. 95. see PI. XXI.
Species 96. (Mus. Cuming.)
AciiATlNA PuNCKl. Achat, tedd ovato-conicd, submnbiU-
rnld, /I'liiii, mifractibus sex, subrotmidatis, siriatidis,
iiiiidis, mtfi-actu uUmo Urd callosd, aperturam intran-
/(?, propii medium munito, columclld lamdtalo-trmicatd ;
pellucido-albd, diaphand.
Fi n(-k's Achatina. Shell ovatcly conical, slightly um-
bilicated, thin, whorls six in number, rather rounded,
very delicately striated, shining, last whorl fui'uishcd
about the middle with a callous plait entering the
aperture, columella flatly truncated ; transparent
white, diaphanous.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1847, p. 232.
Hab. Province of Merida, New Granada.
A very transparent wax-like shell, intermediate between
Bidimus and Achatina ; the columella, although truncated,
is slightly reflected back forming a small umbilicus. On
the middle of the body-whorl is a very characteristic
callous ridge, entering the aperture.
Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina lamellata. Achat, testd ovato-conicd, tenui,
stcbventricosd, minute umbilicatd, anfractibus sex, hie
illic sublamellato-striatis, colnmelld subrejlexd et trun-
catd, Urd parvd callosd, obscurd, prope medium intran-
te, munitd; pellucido-albd, diaphand.
The lamellated Achatina. Shell ovately conic, thin,
rather ventricose, minutely umbUieated, whorls six in
number, here and there slightly lamellately striated ;
columella a little reflected and truncated, furnished
with an obscui-e callous ridge enteriug near the middle;
transparent white, diaphanous.
PoTiEZ and Michaud, Gal. de Douai, p. 138. pi. 11.
f. 7 and 8.
Hab. New Lima ; Lattre.
This species, it will be seen, differs little from the pri--
ei'ding except in being rather more ventricose. The
locality, to judge i'rom analogy, is equally doubtful.
Species 98. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina comfera. Achat, testd pyramidali-conicd, an-
fractibus octo, subangustis, rotmdatu, longitudinaliter
obscure striatis, nitidis, columella brevi, areuatd, con-
tortd, attenuate truncatd, aperturd parvd; fusco-
coriied.
The conical Achatina. Shell pyramidally conical,
whorls eight in number, rather narrow, rounded,
longitudinally obscurely striated, shining, columella
short, arched, twisted, attenuately truncated, aperture
small ; brown-horny.
Fervssac, ?
Hab. Juan Fernandez. "
Distinguished by its small apcrtiu'c and by the elevated
growth of the spii-e.
Aclmtina PI XE.
4
I
I
4
a
\
4
4
Vi-nccnt Brooks, hnp
ACHATINA.
Plate XIX.
(Figures maguificd to twice the natm-al size.)
Species 99. (Mus. Curaiug.)
AcHATiNA Dysoni. AcJiat. testa cyVindraceo-ohlmujd,
ienui, liasin versus suhdilatata, spird hrevi, anfradibus
qtcingue, laviius, polilis, columella coniorta, lira cnllosd
marginatd, aperturd ohloiifjd, medio suhcontradd ; pel-
luddo-corned.
Dyson's Achatina. Shell oylindrically oblong, tliiii,
slightly dilated towards the base, spire short, whorls
five in number, smooth, polished, columella twisted,
edged witli a callous ridge, aperture oblong, some-
what contracted in the middle; transparent horny.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 184G, p. 33.
Ilub. Hondm-as, (under decayed leaves) ; Dyson.
The columella of this delicate transparent species is not
truncated at the base, but edged with a callous ridge.
Species 100. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcH.VTiNA SPLENDIDA. Jdiut. fostd acummato-ovatd,
tenui, striatidd, nilidd, aiifradiius se,v ad septem, sub-
rotundatis, columella bred, contortd, subcallosd, vi.v
reflexd ; pelliiddo-coriwd.
The splendid Achatina. S!iell acuminately ovate,
thin, finely striated, shining, whorls si.\ to seven in
number, subrotuud, columella short, twisted, rather
callous, scarcely reflected ; transparent horny.
Anton, Verz. p. 44. Philippi, Abbild. Achat, p. 1. f. 11.
Rob. Island of Juan Fernandez.
A small bright transparent honiy shell, in which the
columella is frequently turned up at the edge into a
callous ridge.
Species 101. (ilus. Cuming.)
Achatina accincta. Achat, testd conico-ovatd, tenui,
au/radibus se.r, subplauo-convexis, e suturis arcuutim.
striatis, columella contortd, plicato-truncatd, aperturd
parviuscidd ; petluddo-corned.
The gikded Achatina. Shell conically ovate, tliin,
■whorls six. in number, somewhat flatly convex, ar-
cuatcly striated from the sutures, columella twisted,
plicately trimcated, aperture rather small; trans-
parent horny.
MiGHELS, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1845, p. 20.
Achatina Sandicicensis, Pfcifl'er.
Hub. Sandwich Islands.
Dr. Pfeiffer notices that this group of Achatina: is
allied to the Achatinella ; it should be observed that they
are of very different substance and texture.
Pig. 103. (Mus. Cuming.)
For description, see Genus TornatelUna.
For Achatina, Sp. 103, see PI. XXI.
Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Bulimoides. Achat, testa ventricoso-ovatd,
spird subacuminatd, anfradibus quinque ad sex, subro-
tnndatis, columella tenui, contortd, aperturd suborbi-
culari ; corned, epidennide hdeo-oUvaced indutd.
The Bulimds-like Achatina. Shell ventricosely ovate,
spire somewhat acuminated, whorls five to seven in
number, rather rounded, columella thin, twisted,
aperture nearly orbicular ; horny, covered with a
yellowish-olive epidermis.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 184(), p. IKi.
Ilab. Island of Juan Fernandez.
A delicately formed species, cove
lowish-olive horny epidermis.
thin yel-
Species 104. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina consimilis. Achat, testa conico-ovatd, sub-
vent ricosd, anfradibus quinque ad sex, subplano-con-
vexis, striatuUs, nitidis, columelld bred, redd, sub-
callosd,- luteo-olivaced, pellucidd.
The VERY SIMILAR Achatina. Shell conically ovate,
rather ventrieose, whorls five to six in number, rather
flatly convex, finely striated, shining, columella short,
straight, rather callous; yellowish-olive, transparent.
Hub. Juan Fernandez ; Miller.
Very similar in general aspect to the preceding species,
but clearly distinct ; it is less ventrieose and the columella
is nearly straight.
ACHATINA.— Plate XIX.
Species 105. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATiNA OROPHILA. Achat, testa conico-ovatd, spin!
acuminata, suturis impressis, anfractibtts septem, ro-
tundaiis,peeuUariter obscure indentatis, columella brevi,
valde arcuatd et truncatd, aperturd parviuscnld ; oli-
vaceo-corned.
The thatched Achatina. Shell conically ovate, spii-e
acuminated, sutm-es impressed, whorls seven in
nimiber, rounded, peculiarly obscurely indented, co-
lumella short, deeply arched and truncated, aperture
rather small ; olive-horn.
Benson, MSS.
Hab. Neilgherry Hills, India ; Jerdou. Colombo, Ceylon ;
Templetou.
Distinguished by the deeply arched curvature of the
columella, and by the whorls being rather more numerous
than is usual in species of this form.
Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina concenteica. Achat, testd acuminalo-ovatd,
anfractihns sex, concentrice plicaio-striatis, columella
brevi, contortd, abrupie truncatd, superiie lira callosd
munitd, aperturd parviusculd ; corned, soriidl olivaced.
The concenteic Achatina. Shell acuminately ovate,
whorls six in number, concentrically plicately striated,
columella short, twisted, abruptly truncated, furnished
at the upper part with a callous ridge, aperture
rather small ; homy, dull olive.
Hab. Bolivia, (under dead Cacti) ; Bridges.
Finely sculptured by numerous arched concentric striae,
whilst the body-whorl is furnished with a winding callous
ridge.
Species 107. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina laiiellosa. Achat, testd actiminato-uvatd,
anfractibus sex, sidirotundatis, subtilissime concentrice
plicato-lainellatis, colnmelld contortd, subtruncatd, lira
pared superne munitd ; pellucido-corned.
The lamellose Achatina. SheU acuminately ovate,
whorls six in number, somewhat rounded, very finely
concentrically plicately lamellated, columella twisted,
slightly truncated, furnished at the upper part with a
small ridge ; transparent horny.
MORICAND, ?
A very transparent shell, most delicately concentrically
lameOated.
Species lOS. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina anomala. Achat, testd turritd, minutd, mtd)i-
licatd, spirtB suturm impressis, anfractibus septem ad
octo, rotundatis, striatulis, columella brevi, callosd,
reflexd, aperturd parvd ; sordid^ albicante.
The anomalous Achatina. Shell turreted, minutely
umbdicated, sutures of the spire impressed, whorls
seven to eight in number, rounded, finely striated,
columella short, Onillous, reflected, aperture smaU :
dull whitish.
Pfeiffee, Symbola;, vol. iii. p. 89. Philippi, Abbild.
Achat, pi. 1. f. 12.
Hab. Peru.
A small tm-reted shell, with the sutiu-es of the spire
rather deeply impressed, verging very closely on Bulimus
by reason of the reflected growth of the columella.
AchiLtim Ft. XX.
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A C H A T I N A .
Plate XX.
Species 109. (Mus. Benson.)
AcHATiNA BALANUS. Achat, testa cylindraeeo-oUongd,
subfasiformi, anfractibus quaiuor, Icevibus, nitidis, apice
obtuso, columella arcuatu, trimcatd, aperturd jiarvd ;
sordide albd.
The barnacle Achatina. Shell cylindrically oblong,
somewhat fusiform, whorls four in number, smooth,
shining, apex obtuse, columella arched, truncated,
aperture small ; dull white.
Benson, MSS.
Hab. Banks of the Jumna, India.
A very minute species, allied to the following, but com-
posed of fewer whorls. Fii-st collected by Mr. Benson in
1825 on the banks of the river Jumna near Hameerpore,
Bundelkhund, among the roots of a large fallen tree ;
subsequently on a porphyritic hill on the border of the
desert south of Ilawee. It occurs also at Agra, on the
right bank of the Jumna.
Species lit). (Mus. Cumiug.)
Achatina aberkans. Achat, testa subulatd, temd, an-
fractibus sex, lontjiludiualiter impresso-striath, colu-
melld tortuosd, calloso-niarijiiintd, nprrlurd pared;
pellucidd, vitred, strigis rufidis tniiinstix itl,liiin> pir/ii.
The aberrant Achatina. Shi'll sulmhitc, thin, whorls
six iu number, longitudinally impressly striated,
columella twisted, callous at the edge, aperture
small ; transparent, glassy, obUquely painted with
narrow reddish streaks.
Ppeiffek, Pro. Zool. Soc. 18-15, p. 138.
Jfab. Jamaica ; Gosse.
A pretty little glassy shell, striped at rather distant
intervals with red-brown lines.
Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 304
Buccinum acicula, Midler.
Buccinmn terrestre, Montagu.
IlelLv {CocJdicopa) acicula, De Ferussac.
Bulimus acicula, Bruguiere.
Achatina alba, Brown.
Cionella acicula, Jeifreys.
Acicula eburnea, Eisso.
Hab. Europe, including the British Isles.
A light, shining, glassy shell, with a distinctly truncated
colimiella.
Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina costulata. Achat, testa turritd, anfractibus
oclo, rotundatls, longitudinaliter costulatis, columella
subrectd, truncald, aperturd parvd; pellucido-corned,
stric/is rufo-fuscis irreguJariter pictd.
The delicately-ribbed Achatina. Shell turreted,
whorls eight in number, rounded, longitudinally finely
ribbed, columella nearly straight, truncated, aperture
small; transparent horny, irregularly painted with
red-brown streaks.
Adams, Pro. Nat. Hist. Soc. Boston, 1845, p. 13.
Achatina Adamsi, Pfeift'er.
Hab. Jamaica.
A finely ribbed, truncated shell, of a brownish horn-
colour, streaked irregularly with darker brown.
Fig. 113. (Mus. Cuming.)
For description of this species, see Buli,
For Achatina, Sp. 113, see PL XXI.
Species 111. (Mus. Cummg.)
Achatina acicula. Achat, testd cijlindraceo-subulatd,
subfusiformi, anfractibus sex, Icevibus, politis, apice
obtuso, columelld arcnatd, aiiguste truncald; albd,
diaphund.
The little needle Achatina. Shell cyUndrically
subulate, somewhat fusiform, whorls six iu number,
smooth, polished, apex obtuse, columella arched,
narrowly truncated ; wlute, diaphanous.
March,
Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Gossei. Achat, testd subulatd, aciculari, an-
fractibus decern, subremote costatis, costis basin versus
gradatua evanidis, juxta suiuras fortioribus, columelld
oblique arcuald, vix truncald, aperturd minntd, subdi-
latatd ; sordide albd.
Gosse's Achatina. Shell subulate, finely pointed, whorls
ten in number, somewhat remotely ribbed, ribs gra-
dually fading towards the base, stronger next the
sutures, columella obliquely arched, scarcely trunca-
ted, aperture very small, rather dilated ; dead white.
1850.
ACHATINA.— Plate XX.
Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 138.
Hab. Jamaica ; Gosse.
An interesting delicately ribbed shell, distinguished by
its sharp acicular form.
Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATlNA Californica. Achat, testa cyliudraceo-elon-
gatd, anfractibus tredecim, oblique creberrime striatis,
basin versus subangidato-planaiis, ultimo basi acute
carinato, infra carinam peculiariter excavato, coluiiielld
valdi arcuatd, calloso-marginatd, aperturd parvd, sub-
quadratd ; cereo-albicante.
The Californian Achatina. SheU cylindrically elon-
gated, whorls thirteen in number, obliquely very
closely striated, rather angularly flattened towards
the base, last whorl sharply keeled at the base, pecu-
liarly excavated beneath the keel, columella very
much arched, caOous at the edge, aperture small,
somewhat square ; waxen white.
Pfeiffer, Symbote, vol. iii. p. 89.
Hab. Monterey, California.
This very remarkable species is mainly distinguished
by the excavated and keeled growth of each whorl at the
base.
Fig. 116. (Mus. Cuming.)
.VcHATiNA ACCINCTA. Ali^eady described and figured
from a lighter specimen in the preceding plate, Sp. 101.
ForSp. 116, see Pl. XXIII.
Fig. 117. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcuATiNA LUBRiCA. Referred to the genus Bulimus,
Sp. 645. For Sp. 117, see PI. XXIII.
Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.)
.\(HATINA SUTCRALIS. Achat, testd oblongo-ovatd, spird
breviuscttld, conicd, suturis impressi-s, anfractibus ijuin-
que, convexis, lavibus, politis, columella subrectd, trun-
catd; corned, solidiusculd, pellucidd.
The sutural Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate, spire
rather short, conical, sutures impressed, whorls five
in number, convex, smooth, polished, columella nearly
straight, truncated ; horny, rather solid, transparent.
Fo/gphemiis suturalis, Pfeiffer, in Wiegman Arcliiv. 1839,
p. 353.
Glandina sntuniUs, PliQippi.
Hab. Cuba.
An oblong transparent polished shell, belonging to the
group Gla>idina of Dr. Philippi.
.iridiiiiKi ri . m
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A C H A T I N A
Species 77. (B/dlmus, Vig. o12. Mus. Beusou.)
AciiATlNA EXULATA. Achat, testd obloiigd, snbcyUiidraced,
anfractibiM sex ad septem, convexis, oblique subtiliter
sfriaiis, columella arcuatd, subcontortd, obtuse trun-
catd, aperturd parviusculd, pecuUariter effusd ; pellu-
cido-albd, opaco-nlbo sparsim variegatd.
The exiled Aciiatina. Shell oblong, somewhat cylin-
drical, whorls six to seven in number, convex, ob-
liquely finely striated, columella arched, somewhat
twisted, obtusely truncated, aperture rather small,
peculiarly effused ; transparent white, sparingly mot-
tled with opake white.
Benson, MS.
Hah. St. Helena ; Lieut. Lefroy.
Of a very distinct type from any other species of the
Species 80. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina Jerdoni. Achat, testd subpi/raiiudali-obloiigd,
anfraciibus septem ad octo, convexis, leevibus, politis,
ad suturas subtiliter marginatis, columella arcuatd,
coHspicue, truncatd, aperturd parvd ; fusco-comed.
Jerdon's Achatina. Shell somewhat pyramidally ob-
long, whorls seven to eight in number, convex,
smooth, polished, finely margined at the sutures,
columella arched, conspicuously truncated, aperture
small ; brown horny.
Benson, MS.
Ilab. Nilgherries, Ilindoostan ; Jerdon.
A polished horny species, of rather narrow, pyramidal
growth.
Species 81. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina cuassilabkis. Achat, testd subpyranudali-
coiiicd, basin versus ventricosd, anfractibus octo, subro-
tundatis, ad suturas cremdatis, crenulis numerosis,
confertis, iu striis impressis descendentibus, columelld
profundi arcuatd, conspicue truncatd, aperturd par-
viusculd, labro subincrassato ; corneo-fuscd.
The thick-lip Achatina. Shell somewhat pyramidally
conical, ventricose towards the base, whorls eight in
number, rather rounded, crenulated at the sutures,
crenules numerous, close-set, descending in impressed
striae, columella deeply arched, conspicuously trun-
Marcli
cated, aperture rather small, lip slightly thickened ;
horny brown.
Benson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. 1836, vol. v. p. 353.
Hab. North-east Frontier of Bengal ; Benson.
Distinguished by its rounded, conical form, finely im-
pressed crenulated sculpture, and slightly thickened lip.
Species 87. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina Nilagarica. Achat, testd pi/ramidali-turritd,
anfractibus decern, convexis, ad suturas subtilissime
cremdatis, deinde striatis, columelld snb-profunde ar-
cuatd, aperturd parvd ; fusco-comed.
The Nilgherky Achatina. Shell pyramidally turreted,
whorls ten in number, convex, very finely crenulated
at the sutures, then striated, columella rather deeply
arched, aperture small ; brown-horny.
Benson, MS.
Hah. Nilgherries, Ilindoostan ; Jerdon.
Allied to the preceding species in detail of character,
but amply distinguished by its more elongated pyramidal
Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Lindoni. Achat, testd cylindraceo-oblongd,
utrinque atteimatd, soliduld, anfractibus octo, planula-
tis, lavigatis, lineis curvatis incrementi leviter im-
pressis, ad suturas marginatis, duobus ultimis oblique
descendentibus, columelld basi arcuatd, supra gibbosd,
aperturd angustd, superne sinuatd ; fulvo-eorned, po-
litd, strigis castaneis arcuatis obscure tinctd.
Lindon's Achatina. Shell cylindrically oblong, at-
tenuated at each end, rather solid, whorls eight in
number, rather flattened, smooth, slightly impressed
with curved lines of growth, margined at the sutures,
the last two whorls descending obliquely, columella
arched, gibbous above, aperture narrow, sinuated at
the upper part; fidvous horny, pohshed, obscurely
staiued with arched chestnut streaks.
Pfeiffeb, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. llli.
Hab. Cuba ; Lindon.
Of a compressed cylindrical form, belonging to the Ulan-
dina type.
ACHATINA.— Plate XXI.
Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.)
ACH.4TINA ISABELLINA. Achat, testd funformi-oblongd,
anfractilus sex, comexis, sub lente minutismne decus-
satim striatis, ad suturas marginati-s, columella ob-
liqud, sublate truncatd, aperturd ovatd ; pellucido-
corned, sordide albicante.
The soiled Achatina. Shell fusiformly oblong, whorls
six in number, convex, very minutely decussately
striated beneath the lens, margined at the sutures,
columella oblique, rather broadly truncated, aperture
ovate ; transparent horny, dull whitish.
PrEiFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 31.
Hab. Mexico.
K shell of rather fii'm growth, though of transparent
substance.
Species 102. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina Perrotxeti. Achat, testd pyramidali-conicd,
anfractibus octo, rotundatis, lavibus, columella subpro-
futtde arcuatd, aperturd parvd ; fusco-corned.
Perrottet's Achatina. Shell pyramidally conical,
whorls eight in number, rounded, smooth, columella
rather deeply arched, aperture small ; brownish
horny.
Pfeiffer, Revue Zool. Cuv., 18-12, p. 305.
Hah. Ndgherries, Hindoostan ; Jerdon.
Very closely allied to A. cra-mlabrk, from which it
mainly differs in being of a rather more elongated form,
and not impressly crenulated.
Species 113. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina Oreas. Achat, testd oblongo-conkd, anfrac-
tibus septem, convexis, ad suturas subtiliter marginatis,
longitudinaliter obscure impresso-striatis, columella
arcuatd, aperturd parvd ; fusco-corned.
The modntain-nymph Achatina. Shell oblong-conieal,
whorls seven in number, convex, finely margined at
the sutures, longitudinally obscm'ely impressly stria-
ted, columella arched, aperture small; brown horny.
Benson, MS.
Hob. Nilgherries, Hindoostan ; Jerdon.
Another interesting species of the Nilgherry type, ap-
proaching to the form of A. Jerdoni.
AchlLtiMH.n.IM.
I
i
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I 4
its. I.
A C H A T I N A .
Plate XXII.
[Figures considerably
Species 110. (Mus. Cuming.)
AcHATiNA TRITICEA. Achat, testa ovato-c-ylindraced, soli-
duld, mifractibus sex, laviius, politis, infra suturas
lined circumdatis, columelld plerumque biplicatd, vix
truncatd, aperturd bast rotundatd et effusd, superne
leviter sinuatd; fulvescente-cortied.
The wheat-geain Achatina. Shell ovately cylindi-ical,
rather solid, whorls six in number, smooth, polished,
surrounded with a line beneath the sutures, colu-
mella generally two-plaited, scarcely truncated, aper-
ture rounded and effused at the base, slightly
sinuated at the upper part ; fulvous horny.
Eelia: triticea, Lowe, Faun. Madcr. p. 90. pi. fi. f. 2().
Glandina triticea, Pfeiffer.
Hab. Porto Sancto, Madeira ; Lowe.
This species, in which the columeUar plaits are some-
times wanting, partakes of the character of the genus Tor-
natellliia.
Species 117. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina ghacilis. Acliat. testa acuminato-oblongd,
anfractibus quinque, lavibus, politis, ad suturas subti-
liter marginatis, columelld Icevigatd, vix truncatd ; pel-
lucido-vitred, virescente.
The slendek Achatina. Shell acuminately oblong,
whorls five in number, smooth, polished, finely
margined at the sutures, columella smooth, scarcely
truncated ; transparent glassy, greenish.
Helix gracilis, Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. 61. pi. 6. f 28.
Hab. Porto Sancto, Madeira ; Lowe.
A small transparent glassy species, very simply charac-
terized.
Species 119. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina ovuliformis. Achat, testd oblongo-ovatd,
anfractibus quatuor, lavibus, politis, suturis sitbim-
pressis, columelld tenue biplicatd, oblique truncatd;
pellucido-vitred,fitscescente.
The little egg-shaped Achatina. Shell oblong-
ovate, whorls four in number, smooth, polished,
sutures rather impressed, columella thinly two-
March,
plaited, obliquely truncated ; transparent glassy,
brownish.
Helix ovuliformis, Lowe, Faun. Mader. p. (Jl. pi. 0. f. '27.
Eab. Porto Sancto, Madeira ; Lowe.
Less acuminated in form and browner in colour, whilst
the columella is plaited, after the manner of Tornatellina.
Species 120. (Mus. Benson.)
Achatina crassula. Achat, testd pyramidali-conicd,
anfractibus septeni, plano-convexis, longitudinaliter im-
presso-striatis, suturis excavatis, columelld arcuatd,
conspicue truncatd, aperturd parvd; albidd, epidermide
olivaceo-corned indutd.
The thickened Achatina. Shell pyramidally conical,
whorls seven in number, flatly convex, longitudinally
impressly striated, sutures excavated, columella arched,
conspicuously truncated, aperture small ; whitish,
covered with an olive horny epidermis.
Benson, MS.
Eab. Himalaya.
Of more soUd growth than tiie Nilgheny species of
allied form, represented in the preceding plate.
Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina corusca. Achat, testd pt/ratnidali, subfusi-
formi, apice obtusd, anfractibus septem., convexis, Itevi-
bus, politis, ad suturas subtiliter marginatis, columelld
arcuatd el contortd, aperturd ovatd ; pellucido-fusces-
cente, vitred, strigis castaneis Jlexuosis obscure tinetd.
The glittering Ach.ytina. Shell pyramidal, some-
what fusiform, obtuse at the apex, whorls seven in
number, convex, smooth, polished, finely margined
at the sutures, columella arched and twisted, aper-
ture ovate ; transparent brown, glassy, obscurely
stained with flexuous chestnut streaks.
Hab. ?
A shell of firm gi'owth, though transparent and glassy.
Species 122. (^Mus. Cuming.)
Ach.^TINa MelaMPOIDES. Achat, testa oblougo-ovaui,
1850.
ACHATINA.— Plate XXII.
solidiusculd, spird brevi, anfractibus sex, Icevihus, su-
turis indistinctk, lined drcumdatis, columella excavatd
et contortd, parum trumatd, apertiird oblongd, superni
leniier mmatd, bad pectdiariter effusd ; cinereo-fuscd,
mboUvaced, columelld albd.
The Melampus-like Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate,
rather solid, spire short, whorls six in number,
smooth, sutures indistinct, surrounded by a line,
columella excavated and twisted, but little truncated,
aperture oblong, slightly sinuated at the upper part,
peculiarly efi'used at the base; ash-brown, olive
tinged, columella white.
Lowe, MS.
Hab. Madeira.
A sheD of rather solid growth, having the form of a
Melampm or Auricula.
Species 123. <Mus. Benson.)
AcHATiNA gemma. Acliat. testa oblongo-eonied, solidiits-
ctild, anfractibus sex, rotundatis, lavibus, columelld
arcuatd, abbreviatd, aperturd siibrotundd ; purpureo-
ttigricante, nitente.
The bud Achatina. Shell oblong-conical, rather solid,
whorls six in number, rounded, smooth, columella
arched, abbreviated, aperture nearly round ; purple-
black, shining.
Benson, MS.
Hab. Barrackpore, Bengal ; Benson, Bacon.
Of a much darker purple-black colour than any other
of the Indian species, and of shorter growth, with a
shining, polished surface.
Species 12-1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina frumentum. Achat, testa oblongo-conicd, so-
lidiusculd, anfractibus sex, convexis, lavibm, columelld
arcuatd et contortd, aperturd subrotundd; fulvo-spa-
diced.
The eye-grain Achatina. Shell oblong-conical, rather
solid, whorls six in number, convex, smooth, colu-
mella arched and twisted, aperture nearly round;
fulvous bay.
HoIj. Chandpore, Bengal ; Bacon.
This approaches very closely to the preceding species,
yet there is a characteristic difference in the appearance of
the shell, of which Mi-. Cuming possesses many specimens.
The whorls are less rounded, less polished, and of a uni-
form hghter colour.
Arhal/na.Pl.XIlII.
A C H A T I N A .
Plate XXIII.
Species 125. (Mus. Taylor.)
AcHATiN.v MARMOREA. Achat, testd elongalo-turritd, aii-
gtistii, mhcyUndraced, solidiusculd, anfractibiis plano-
convexis, oblique stibricde striatis, columelld tenue trim-
catd, aperturd parvd ; alba, epidermide corned cas-
taued indutd.
The marble Achatina. Shell eloiigately turreted,
naiTow, somewhat cylindrical, rather solid, whorls
flatly convex, obliquely rather rudely striated, colu-
mella thinly truncated, aperture small ; white, covered
with a chestnut horny epidermis.
Hab. ?
This species resembles the Bidimm calcar in form. It
is of more solid growth, and has the columella distinctly
truncated.
Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina mucida. Achat, tedd ovatd, tenui, subveii-
tricosd, anfractibus sex, decussatim subtiUssime granu-
loso-striath, siipenie marginatis, et obscure o-emdatis,
columelld tennimme truncatd ; opaco-albo et pur-
pureo-fusco strigatd et variegatd, epidermide tenui
indutd.
The mouldv Achatina. Shell ovate, thin, rather ven-
tricose, whorls six in number, decussately very finely
granulosely striated, marginated round the upper
part, and obscurely crenulated, columeDa very thinly
truncated ; streaked and variegated i\ ith opake-
white and purple-brown, covered with a thin epi-
dermis.
Bulinms mucidus, Gould.
Hab. Liberia, West Africa.
A light, strongly painted shell, of which the colouring
is seen through in the interior.
137. (Fig. Guerin.)
Speci
Achatina Saulcydi. Achat, testd oMonyo-ovatd, ven-
tricosd, sinislrd, apice subpapillari, anfractibus con-
vexis, irregulariter riigoso-striatis, ad suturas crenulu-
ti.s, coliuiielln subc.i-cai'dld et truncatd ; violaceo-grised,
nigricniitr-fiiiiv loii(jiliidiii(diter lineatd et strigatd,
apertiine faiice ferriigiiico-fulvd.
Saulcyd's Achatina. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose,
sinistral, somewhat papillary at the apex, whorls
convex, iiTcgularly roughly striated, crenulated at
the sutures, columella slightly excavated and trun-
cated ; violet-grey, longitudinally streaked and linea-
ted with blackish brown, aperture rusty-fulvous.
De Joannis, Guerin's Mag. de Zool. 1834, Moll. pi. .50.
Hab. Prince's Island, West Africa.
I have not seen this species, but have ventured to copy
the excellent figure of it in the work above referred to, on
account of its characteristic appearance. The papillary
type of the apex appears also in Bulimus torridus, from
the neighboiu'ing locality of Liberia.
Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.)
Achatina Gouldii. Achat, testd ovato-conicd, tenui,
ventricosd, apice subpapillari, anfractibus plano-con-
vexis, oblique tenuissime striatis, ad suturas subtiliter
crenulatis, anfractu ultimo basi leviter angulato ; ful-
vescente-olivaced, epidermide tenui indutd, epidermide
secundd hjdrophand prope apiceni radiaid et infra
angulum anfractiis ultimi unifasciatd.
Gould's Achatina. Shell ovately conical, thin, ventri-
cose, somewhat papillary at the apex, whorls flatly
convex, obliquely very finely striated, finely crenu-
lated at the sutures, last whorl slightly angled at the
base ; fulvous-olive, covered with a thin epidermis,
rayed at the apex with a second hydrophanous epi-
dermis, and encircled with a single band of the same
beneath the angle of the last whorl.
Bulimus balteatus, Gould.
llab. Liberia, West Africa.
The name balteatus being already occupied in this
geuus, I have the pleasure of naming the species after the
accomplished naturalist to whom I am indebted for it, —
Dr. Gould, of Boston, United States.
Species 129. (Mus. Taylor.)
Achatina obeliscus. Achat, iestd elmgato-turritd, an-
fractibus novem ad decern , phniis, medio subconcavis,
transversim obscure et irrr(jiiliiril<T Viratis, anfractu
ultimo basi obtuse augulaio, col/imelld arcuatd el
March, ]8,50.
ACHATINA.— Plate XXIII.
truncatd; sordide fusco-albd, epidermide fulvescente-
fuscd corned indutd, anfraetu ultimo circa columellnm
castaneo-nigricantefascialo.
The obelisk Achatina. Shell elongately tuiTeted,
whorls nine to ten in number, flattened, sUghtly
concave in the middle, transversely obscurely and
irregularly ridged, last whorl obtusely angled at
the base, columella arched and truncated ; dirty
brownish-white, covered with a homy fiilvous-brown
epidermis, last whorl banded with chestnut-black
around the columella.
Hah. ?
For this remarkable and very characteristic species
I am indebted to the collection of Thomas Lombe
Taylor, Esq.
ACHATINA.
aberrans, Pfr
accincta, Mighels
acicula, Lamarck
acuta, Fe'ri'ssac
Flats.
. . . XX.
. . . XIX.
. . . XX,
III
SpeclM.
no
101
111
11
113
4.
2
28
111
.53
43
If.
83
14
35
108
83
(i7
109
7
17
4
103
115
34
8.5
5 'J
72
75
38
106
98
104
131
113
30
8
81
130
35
94
44
Adamsi, Pfr
adtista, Goiild . .
. . XX.
I.
I.
alabaster {HeUx], Eang .
alba. Brown
albolineata, Lamarck ....
Alo-ira Brug
.. IX.
.. XX.
. . XIV.
XIII
allisa, Reeve
V
amentum, Benson
XVII
amphora, Jay
IV
Jiiak, Lesson
anomala, Pfr
arcuata, Pfr
assimilis. Reeve
balanus, Bemon
. X.
. XIX.
. XVII.
. . XV.
. . XX.
.. IL
bicarinata {Bidla), Dillw.
.. V.
.. I.
BuUmoides, Pfr
Californica, Pfr
carinata Pfr
. XIX.
.. XX.
VII
XVII.
Ceylanica, Pfr
clavata, Gray
clavus, Pfr
.. XV.
. . XVI.
. . XVI.
I.
columna (Biicc), Miiller .
concentrica. Reeve
. . XL
. . XIX.
XVIII
cousimilis, Reeve
corusca, Reeve
costuLita, Jdams
costidata Pfr
. . XIX.
. . XXII.
.. XX.
. VI.
. II.
crassilabris, Benson
crassula, Benson
crenata, Swainson
. . XXI.
. . XXII.
.. X.
. . XVIII.
cyanostoma, Riippell ....
. . XIII.
cylindracea, Pfr XVIII.
dadijlus. Bred VIII.
Dcnnisoni, Reeve IX.
Dominicensis (Helix), Fer. . . XIV.
Dy.soni, Pfr XIX.
erecta, Benson XVI.
exulata, Benson XXI.
fasciata (Bkcc), MiUler X.
flammigera, Ferussac XII.
Fraseri, Pfr XVI.
frumentum, Reeve X.XII.
t'uliea, Ferussac II.
fidva {Bulbnus), Brug III.
Funcki, Pfr Xyill.
I'usco-lineata, Lamarck XIV.
fusiformis, Pfr IX.
gemma, Benson XXII.
glabra (Gland.), Pfr XFV.
fflaus, Lamarck XIV.
Gossei, Pfr XX.
Gouldii, Reeve XXIII.
gracilis, Lowe XXII.
Griffithsii, Adams XV.
Hugeli, Pfr XV.
incerta. Reeve XVIII.
iiulotata, Reeve VI.
isabellina, P/r XXI.
Jamaicensis, Pfr XV.
Javanica, Reeve XV II.
Jerdoni, Benson XXI.
Kraussi, Reeve \" 1 .
laetea, Reeve XII.
Lamarckiai/a, Pfr III.
lamellata, Po/;>j and JUic/iai<d XVIII.
lameUosa, Moricand XIX.
Lattrei, Pfr XIV.
leucozonias (Voluta), Walch . ,\IV.
ligiiaria, Reeve VIII.
Liudoni, P/)-. XXI
lineata, Valenciennes X.
magnifica, Pfr IX.
inarginata, Swainson IV.
marraorea, Reeve XXIII.
91
36
32
56
99
69
77
35
39
71
124
8
10
96
56
31
123
33
14
135
INDEX.
Melampoides, Loive XXII. 122
moniUfera {Gland.), Pfr XIV. 50
mucida {Bulimus), Gould XXIII. 126
Miilleri, Ferussac VIII. 25
murrea. Reeve VII. 22
nigricans {Gland.), Pfr XIV. 54
Nilagarica, Bemon XXI. 87
obeliscus, Reeve XXIII. 129
obtusa {Gland.), Pfr XV. (i2
octona, Gray XVII. 84
oleacea {Helix), Femssac .... XIV. 51
Oreas, Benson XXI. 113
ornata, Pfr VI. 20
orophila, Beti.ion XIX. 105
orysacea, D'Orbiguy XVIII. 89
ovuliformis, Lowe XXII. 119
pallida, Swainson X. 35
panthera, Ferussac III. 12
papyracea, Rfr II. 6
paxiUus, /?£-«;£ XVI. 77
perdix, Lamarck I. 3
Perrotteti, Pfr XXI. 102
Peruviana, Lamarck XIV. 57
Pfeifferi, Bunker I. 1
Philippiana {Gland.), Pfr. . . . XIV. 49
Phillipsii, Adariu XV. 60
picta. Reeve X. 34
Paired, Rossmasler XIII. 43
Porto-Kicensis, Pfr XVIII. 93
prunum, Reeve IV. 13
purpurea {Bulla), Chemn. . . . IV. 15
Bangiana, Pfr XV. 65
Reeveana, Pfr IX. 20
Plate.
reticulata, Pfr II.
Ric/iii, Reeve X.
rosea, Fe'russac XIII.
Sandwicensis, Pfr XIX.
Saulcydi, De Joannis XXIII.
semisculpta, Pfr XI.
semitarum {Helix), Raug. . . . XVI.
sideratus, Reeve XII.
sinistrorsa, Pfr V.
soHdula, Pfr XVIII.
Sowerbyana, Pfr VIII.
splendida, Anton XIX.
striata {Bticc), IMiiller VI.
striatella {Helix), Rang XVI.
subulata, Pfr XVIII.
sulcata, Gray XVII.
suturalis, Pfr XX.
tenuispii-a, Benson XVI.
tincta, Reeve XI.
Tortillana, Pfr XV.
triticea, Lotce XXII.
truncata {Gland.), Say XIII.
turris, Pfr ." XIII.
ustulata, Lamarck XII.
Vauuxemensis, Lea XIII.
variegata, Roissy I.
veimsta {Gland.), F(r XV.
vexillum, Lamarck X.
vu-giuea {Bulla), Linn X.
vittata, Swainson X.
vivipara, Sowerly XVI.
voluta {Bulla), Chemn XIV.
zebra {Bulla), Chemn VII.
39
46
101
127
37
73
38
17
92
26
100
19
74
89
86
118
76
29
116
47
45
40
48
3
63
35
36
36
70
55
23
MONOGRAPH
OF THE (lENLiS
D 0 L I U M
OfL'iUi, 111 tliy uufathuinable depths
Wliat beauties lie concealed from wouderiua eyes !
Pearls that adum the neck of beauty ; shells
On which the sea-bom Venus tinds a couch. — Bryant.
/)o/////// /'/ /,
DOLIUM,
Geuus DoLlUM, Lamarck.
Testa temm, glohoso-tumida , veiitricosissima, transversim
cosiaia, nimguam longitmUnaliter exsculpta, apertm'd
ampld, lahro simpUci, cretiato, raro fimhriato, labro
oolumellari late expanse. Operculum nullum.
Shell tliiu, globosely swollen, extremely ventricose, trans-
versely ribbed, never longitudinally sculptured, aper-
ture large, lip simple, crenated, rarely fimbriated,
columellar lip broadly expanded. No opercidum.
The DoUa or ' Tuns ' are mainly distinguished from
other genera of the great family of Purpurifera to which
they belong, by their large globosely inflated gi-owth,
transverse ribs, and absence of any sort of longitudinal
sculptiu-e, presenting a singular contrast in this respect
with their allies, the ' Harps,' in which ribs only occur in a
longitudinal direction.
As may be gathered from the very Ught structure and
ample volution of the shcD, its animal inhabitant is dis-
tinguished for its large size and muscular strength, as well
as by its voracity and comparative activity of habit. The
head is furnished with a long retractile proboscis which
the animal is capable of rapidly protruding or withdi-awing,
fiu-nished at the extremity with a kind of rosette, as re-
presented in the beautiful figure of B.perdix in the Voyage
de I'Astrolabe by MM. Quoy and Gaimard. The disk or
foot of Dolium is large and fleshy and, according to M.
Deshayes, becomes inflated with water, when the animal
desires to swim, imbibing the fluid through certain pores
in the skin. The colours of the animal present a brilliant
contrast with those depicted in the shell ; the D. perdix is
striped with light azm-e blue, the D.ponmm is also light
blue, and the B. okarium is of a rich coppery green.
The Bolia arc partially distributed, although the B.per-
dix occurs equally on the shores of the Philippine Islands
and in the West Indies. The B. pommii is found also
both iu the Philippine and Society Islands. This and
the B. rhiyeus from Peru are of more solid growth than
the rest, and peculiar in having a hollow excavated in the
columella, on which account they have been separated
from tlie geuus Ijy M. A'alenciennes under the title of
Malea. The D. galea of the Mediterraneau is remarkable
for its lai-ge size, but the B. variegatum has been recently
collected at Torres Straits, North Australia, of even more
gigantic proportions.
The shells of this geuus, though not much esteemed by
collectors, are by no means common ; only fourteen species
are known, and of these, but one new one has resulted
from the researches of Mr. Cuming or Sir E. Belcher.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
DoLlusi GALEA. Bol. testd max'mid, verdricosissimd, uid-
bilicaid, spird brevl, paululum subsidente, suturis pro-
fu7ide impressis, anfractibus septeni, superne tumidis,
fraiimersim costatk, costis convexis, confertk, superi-
oribus lira sapissime i?iterveniente, columella subcon-
tortd ; albidd ant palUde fulvd, apice nigricanie, lafiro
colnmellari albd, labro iiit.usfusco tincto.
The helmet Tun. Shell very large, extremely ven-
tricose, urabilicated, spire short, a little sunk iu,
sutures deeply impressed, whorls seven in number,
swoUen round the upper part, transversely ribbed,
ribs convex, close-set, upper ones with most frequently
an intervening ridge, columella somewhat twisted;
whitish or pale fulvous colour, apex blackish, colu-
mellar lip white, lip stained within with brown.
Lamakck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 139.
Bucciuum galea, Linnseus.
An eadem var. ?
Bolium ampuUaceiiM, Philippi.
Testa juvenis.
Bntiiihi tenue, j\Ienke.
Bab. Jlediten-anean.
The above recorded synonymes of this well-known species
have arisen out of the circumstance of its having a more
oblong forn\ in an early stage of growth, and an occasional
1 irregularity in the tlevelopment of the ribs.
Pecenilicr, 184S
DdwmPUI.
LBroofe.IiTtp
D 0 L I U M .
Species i. (Mus. Bnt.)
DoLlu.M JiELANOSTOMA. I)ol. testd mbgloboso-turbinatd,
miibiUcatd, ventricos'mma, spird mbprombmld, anfrac-
tibiis srpfviii. fraiisversim. costatis, costis subdepresso-
coi/ri'.ni. iii/rz-ififiis Ufa parvd -subsidente undiqiie
iiiijili'lis. i-()hi],idld late expansd, nperlurd ampld, bast
subprofimdi Litiarginatd ; hitmci'iiti'-iiVi'iihi. la'v'ujdlM,
iiiteiiti;, cohmielld interne iiiijni'iiiili--liri'iiiii'd.
TiiK BLACK-MOUTH TuN. Shell souicwluit globoseK
turbinated, umbilicated, veiy ventricose, spire rather
promiueut, whorls seven in number, transversely
ribbed, ribs somewhat depressly convex, interstices
filled throughout with a small ridge, columella widely
expanded, aperture large, rather deeply eraarginated
at the base ; yellowish white, smooth, shining, colu-
mella deep blackish brown.
Jay, Cat. Mus. p. 124. pi. 8-9.
Hab. Friendly Islands ; Jay.
The shell here represented, from the Britisli Museum,
lieloiiged to the lale Earl ol' Tankerville, and is the indi-
vidual specimen noted by Mr. Sowerby iu his well-known
Catalogue of that nobleman's collection, as Dolium galea
var. d. 1 believe it to be distinct ft-om that species, which
is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean, and to be identical
with a shell from the Friendly Islands in the collection of
Dr. Jay of New York, described by that gentleman, under
the name above recorded, iu his published ' Catalogue ' of
1839. " This splendid shell," says Dr. Jay, " was brought
to Nantucket by a whaler from the Friendly Islands,
where it was obtained by tlie natives in diving for shells."
The D. iiielanostoma is chieily distinguished from the
D. galea in having a more prominent spire and a regularly
developed ridge throughout the interstices between the
ribs, which have a lighter and more polished surface.
The base of the shell beneath the umbilicus is characterized
by its numerous concentric stria-, whilst in the D. galea it
is ridged in a longitudinal direction ; and the rich dark
colouring of the columellar lip appears also to be a cha-
racter of the species.
December. Is48.
/Jo//f//// /'/ ///.
0^^^^*^^-''
r^y^JbA^
,%;%^ Jt^^h
./'-S^-
DOLIUM.
Species 3. (Fig. a and h, Mus. Cuming.)
DoLiUM riMBRiATUM. Dol. testd globosd, vetitricosissinm,
vix umUUcatd, spiree suturis impresm, anfractibus
sex, compicue costatis, costis plus minusve numerosis,
quarum prcscipiiis quatmrdecim ad guindecim, cohi-
meltd contortd, labro externa fimbriato et dentato ;
fidvesceiite-albd, costis rufescente-fmco maculatis, aper-
ture fauce fused.
The fimbriated Tun. Shell globose, veiy ventricose,
scm-cely umbilicated, sutures of the spire impressed,
whorls six in number, conspicuously ribbed, ribs more
or less numerous, the chief of which are about fourteen
in number, columella twisted, outer lip fimbriated
and toothed ; fulvous white, ribs spotted with red-
dish-brown, interior of the aperture brown.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, f. 2.
Le Minjac, Adanson.
Dolium tessellatum {pars), Enc. Meth.
An eadem vai-. ?
DoUum marginatum, Philippi.
Hah. Bay of Manila, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming.
M. Deshayes notices as a chai-acter by which to distin-
guish tliis from the following species, that it has about
fourteen ribs, whUst the B. maculatum has mostly nine.
I find this observation may be mainly relied on, for when
the ribs are really more numerous, as in the magnificent
specimen represented at Fig. 3 a, there are still from
fourteen to fifteen principal i-ibs, the rest being manifestly
inferior both in colour and development. The species is
further distinguished by the columella being abruptly
twisted and by the outer lip becoming strongly fimbriated
on amving at maturity.
M. Adanson named this shell after the jMinjac or
Muntjak, a spotted animal of the deer tribe, and M.
Deshayes proposes to use this for the specific title. I do
not, however, see how a common name of tliis kind can
be adopted with propriety in the Latin.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Dolium maculatum. Dol. testd ovatd, vmtricosissimd,
vix umbilicatd, spird suturis subimpressis, anfractibm
sex, transversim costatis, costis ad novenu, distantibtu,
lira subobscurd iuterveniente, columelld subrectd, vix
contortd, labro externa simplici; camlescente-albd,
costis rvfescente-fusco maculatis, apertura: fauce fused.
The spotted Tun. Shell ovate, vei-y ventricose, scarcely
umbdicated, sutm-es of the spire somewhat impressed,
whorls six in number, encircled by about nine distant
ribs having a somewhat obscure ridge running between
them, columella nearly straight, scarcely twisted,
outer lip simple; bluish-white, ribs spotted with
reddish-brown, interior of the aperture brown.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 140.
Bttccimmi dolium, Linnfeus.
Dolium tessellatum {pars), Enc. Meth.
Hab. Eastern Seas.
This is a shell of lighter growth than the preceding
species, the ribs are less numerous and consequently
more distant from each other, the columella is straighter,
and the lip simple.
December, 1848.
/)o//uf,/ //.//:
Jl B 1 R imp
D 0 L I U M
Plate IV.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
DoLiuM KiNGENS. Dol. testd globosd, crassiusculd, spirit
brevi, acuta, anfractibus septem, iramversim cosiatis,
cosiis ad sedecim, obsctcre superficialiter blsectis, cobt-
melld medio pecuUariter excavatd, callositate magna
costatd supra et infra miiiiitd, labro cohtmellari laii
cxpanso, aperturd coidrudd. lalro externa laVmime
phtto-rvfiexo etfortiter deiilato ; fidvescente vel aiiran-
tio-albidd.
The grinning Tun. Shell globose, rather thick, spii-e
short, sharp, whorls seven in number, transversely
ribbed, ribs about sixteen in number, obsciu'ely
superficially bisected, columella distinguished by a
peculiar excavation in the middle, having a large
rJiljid callosity above and below it, cohimellar lip
witlely expanded, aperture contracted, outer lip very
broadly flatly reflected and strongly toothed; light
fidvoiis or orange-white.
Cassi.'i riiKjem, Swainson in Bligh Catalogue ; Sowerby in
Taukerville Catalogue, App. p. xxi.
J/ft/n/ } at Hubris, Valenciennes.
Dolimii latilabre, Kiener.
Hab. Payta, Peru ; Cuming.
This remarkable species and the one which tbUows,
possess an association of character intermediate between
Bolium. and Cassis, which gives them a strong claim to
rank as a separate genus, as proposed by M. Valenciennes
under the title of Malea. They are of more solid growth
than any other species of Bolium, and are singularly cha-
racterized by an excavation of the columella, which lias
some obtuse wrinkles or ribs aliove and below it. TI'a
outer Up is moreover distinguished by the mode in which
it is flatly reflected and toothed.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
DoLiUJ[ POMUM. Bol. testd oblongo-oratd, turgidd, solidd,
siibimibilicatd, spird bran, aufractibus sex, transversim
costatis, costis ad duodecim, obtusis, medianis, vix
elevatis, cohimelld rude corntgato-costatd, callosd, nan
expansd, basin versus excavatd, aperturd suhcontractd,
labro plano-reflexo, intus dentato ; fuho-spadiced, albi-
mactdatd, aperlurce fauce aurantid.
The apple Tun. Shell oblong-ovate, swollen, solid,
slightly umbOicated, spii-e short, whprls six in
number, transversely ribbed, ribs about twelve in
number, obtuse, the middle ones scarcely elevated,
columella rudely ribbed in a wrinkled manner, callous,
not expanded, excavated towards the base, apertm'e
somewhat contracted, lip flatly reflected, toothed
within ; light fidvous bay, sprinkled with white
spots, interior of the aperture orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 1 42.
Biicciuum pomum, Linnaeus.
Cassis labrosa. Martini.
Hab. Society and Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
The excavation of the columella is much less defined
than in the preceding species, and the columella also
differs in not having an expanded laminar lip, its place
being occupied by a callous dei)osil of \\'liite enamel.
December, 1848.
IJt/mm PI I
4 ^ ^ ^ M
\'
^
/
/
^ *m.-i3^^i
\^
W
DOLIUM.
Pla
bpecies 7. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit. Fig. b, Mus. Cuming.)
DoLiUM VARiEGATUxM. Bol. testi ovato-globosd, udenlum
maxima, unibiUcatd, anfractibus septem, tramversim
costatk, costis sedecim ad septemdeciin, subpromimdis,
mtersl'dm excavatis, mperioribm lird parvd interveru-
eide; albidd, fidm-rufescenie timtd, eostis aliis riifo-
fusco maculatk, aliis immaculate, aperturce fauce
plus mhius intense aurantid.
The variegated Tun. Shell ovately globose, sometimes
very large, umbilicated, whorls seven in number,
transversely ribbed, ribs from sixteen to seventeen in
number, rather prominent, interstices hollowed, upper
ones with a small intervening ridge ; whitish, stained
with fidvous red, some ribs spotted with reddish-
bro\vii, some imspotted, interior of the aperture more
or less deeply stained with orange.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 143.
Philippi.
Lolium Ki
Hub. North Coast of New Holland
Juke
There is little doubt of this species being the true
D. varieyatum of Lamarck, who notifies the locality
New Holland, from whence a magnificent series may be
seen in the British JIuseum, including specimens even
larger than any to be found of the D. yalea. They were
collected by Mr-. Jukes during liis recent expedition to
that country, and are from Torres Straits.
The B. ChiueiKe, which Dr. PivQippi refers to Lamarck's
B. variegatum, is no doubt the Chinese analogue of this
species ; its plan of gro\rth and style of colouring are the
same, and it differs only in being more globose and of
lighter structm-e ; stUl it is not Lamarck's type, and when
named by Chemnitz Bucciuum Australe seu CJdnense, he
may have had specimens from both localities before him.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
DoLiUM cosTATUM. Bol. testd ovato-oblongd, vetdricosd,
vix umbilicatd, anfractibws septem, superne plano-
depressis, subcaualicidatis, transversim costatis, costis
tredecita ad quaiuordecim, prominulis, distantibu^,
irderstitiis latis, concavis, lavibus ; aperturd oblongd,
labro fimbriato et dentato ; cceruleo-albicante, costis
fulvo-fuscescentibus, apicem versus obscure maculatis,
apice nigricarde.
The ribbed Tun. Shell ovately oblong, ventrieose,
scarcely umbilicated, whorls seven in number, flatly
depressed and slightly channelled round the upper
part, transversely ribbed, ribs thirteen to fourteen in
number, rather prominent, distant, interstices broad,
concave, smooth ; aperture oblong, lip fimbriated and
toothed ; bluish-white, ribs light fulvous brown, and
obscurely spotted towards the apex, which is blackish.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 144-.
Bolium fusciatum, var., Kieuer.
Hab. PliOippine Islands ; Cuming.
This bold species is amply distinguished from the
B.fimiafum, by the prominent and remote development
nf the ribs, and absence of banded colourini;.
ry, 1849.
DcUum PIVI.
?'"^'
?' . 'S.^, %
DOLIUM,
Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)
DoLiuM PERDix. Dol. testd ovato-oblongd, tenui, itiflatd,
basin verms oilique effusd, timhilicatd, spird subexsertS,
anfruct'ilns sex, transversim sulcatk et costatis, costis
ad viyinti, contiguis, plano-convexis, vix elevatis, colu-
mdld arcuatd, labro simpUci; fulvo-bninned aid
rufescente-spadiced, macuUs Inmtis albk plus minusve
frequentibns, notatd, apertara; fauce cariilescente-albd,
ant brunnescente.
The paetridge Tun. Shell ovately oblong, thin, in-
flated, obliquely effused towards the base, umbilicated,
spii-e somewhat exserted, whorls six in number, trans-
versely grooved and ribbed, ribs about twenty in
number, contiguous, flatly convex, scarcely raised,
columeDa arched, lip simple ; fulvous brown or light
reddish bay, marked, more or less plentiftdly, with
white lunate spots, interior of the aperture bluish-
white or brownish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. M'i.
Biicciiiiim perdix, Linnaeus.
Eadcra var. Bolium pUmiatum., Green.
Hab. Eastern, Western, and Pacific Oceans.
It is not often that in genera so limited in kind as the
present, a species occurs ivith so wide a range of habita-
tion as the DoUitm perdlx. Inhabiting both hemispheres,
it differs in the ribs being more or less elevated, but in no
featm-e, sufficiently, to allow of its being made the subject
of another species, as introduced by Dr. Jacob Green in
the Transactions of the Albany Institute.
The JD. perdix, it may be observed, is modelled on a
different type from the rest of the genus, the spu-e being
more elevated and the aperture more obliquely effused.
Species 10. (Mus. Eolfe.)
DoLiDM Chinense. Bol. lestd ovato-globoid, ie?missmd,
vetdricosd, basi subtruncatd, vix umbilicatd, anfractibus
sex, transversim vmlticostatis, costis temtibus depres-
siusculis, lird parvd interveniente, colmneUa contortd,
labro simplici ; albido fulvoque alteritatim zonatd,
zonis aliidis nifo-fusco maculatis, aperturce fauce pal-
lide anraiitio tinctd.
The China Tun. Shell ovately globose, very thin, veu-
tricose, somewhat truncated at the base, scarcely
umbilicated, whorls six in number, transversely
many-ribbed, ribs rather depressed, with a small
ridge running between them, columella twisted, lip
simple ; painted alternately with fulvous and white
zones, white zones spotted with red-broivn, interior
of the aperture faintly tinged with orange.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 146.
Bticcinum Australe seu Chinense, Chemnitz.
Bolium variegatum, Philippi (not of Lamarck).
Hah. China Seas.
If Dr. Pliilippi had proclaimed the D. Chinense and
variegatum to be one and the same species in different
states, instead of assigning the shell under consideration
to the Lamarckian species, and distinguishing that from
Tones Straits by a new name, his opinion would have
been less open to objection ; for the characters of the New
Holland specimens are so truly represented in this, under
certain modifications, that they might almost be regarded
as local varieties. They agree even in colom- and pattern,
and the only difference between them consists in the
D. Chinense being of much smaller and lighter structiu-e,
of more contracted growth, and more numerously and
finely ribbed.
Januai7, 1849.
Doi/^fm ?l \JJ.
B j^iR.!aip
D 0 L I U M
Species 11. (JIus. Curaiug.)
DoLlUM FASCIATDM. Dot. teHd ovato-ventricosa, vu
umbilicatd, sinrci caiialiculafd, aiifractihis sex ad
septeni, tranimersim costatis, costis sedecim ad septem-
decim, plano-convexis, Imvibus, inierstitw supremd lall-
mcnld, columella subcontorld, lahro refiexo,fimhriato-
dentato ; alhd, faseiis quatuor latinscuUs aurautio-
fmck, pone labrum evanidis, cingidatd, apice c<eruleo-
aigricanle.
The banded Tun. Shell ovately ventricose, scarcely
umbiEeated, clianneUed at the spke, whorls six to
seven in number, transversely ribbed, ribs sixteen to
seventeen, flatly convex, smootb, uppermost interstice
rather vride, columella a little twisted, lip reflected,
fimbriately toothed ; white, encircled with four rather
broad orange-brown bands, fading behind the Up,
apex blue-black.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 142.
Biicciimm faxciatiim, Briiguiere.
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
The orange-browu bands wliich encircle this shell con-
stitute a marked character of the species, whQst the manner
in wbich they gradually fade away before reaching the lip,
neatly illustrates a peculiarity which may be observed
thj-oughout the species, of a certain deficiency of pattern
towai-ds the completion of tlie shell. Before arriving at
maturity, the animal appears to lose its powers of design
in the display of ornamental colouring, and it not unfre-
quently happens, that after any sudden accident or concus-
sion, sufficient to cause a sea-break, the shell is completed
in a coarse rugged manner, with little indication of the
design and variety of colouriug which has characterized
its previous growth.
It is hardly necessary to di'aw a comparison between
this species and the D. costatum, confounded wth it by
M. Kieuer, for the ribs in that species are very prominent,
and widely separated, whilst in the B.fmcialum they
are very depressed and almost contiguous; the bands,
moreover, wanting in I), costatum, are not to be lightly
rearardcd.
Species 12. (Tig. a, Mus. Hanley ; Fig. b, Mus. Cuming.)
DoLiUM zonatum. Bol. testa globoso-ovatd, termiculd,
vi.i- nmbilicatd, spires sutwris canalicidatis, avfractibus
sex, transversim costatis, costis depresso-convexis, qua-
tnordechu ad sedecim, subdistantihis, lira tenui, stcperne
dnabns tribusve, interveniente ; columella tortuosd, lahro
simpUci aut stibtiliter cremlato ; castaneo-rufescente,
concolori, anfractunm parte supremd albidd, apice
nigricante.
The zoned Tun. Shell globosely ovate, rather thin,
scarcely umbilicated, sutures of the spire channelled,
whorls sLx in number, transversely ribbed, ribs de-
pressly convex, fourteen to sixteen in number, ratlier
distant, with a fine ridge, two or three towards the
upper part, rimning between them ; columella
twisted, lip simple or finely cremdated ; chesnut-red,
of one uniform colour, uppermost portion of the
whorls whitish, apex blackish.
Green, Transactions of the Albany Institute, vol. i. part 1.
p. 131.
Bolinm crenulatnm, Philippi.
Eab. China.
This is the only species of the genus in which there is
an isolated raised line between the interstices of the lower
ribs of the shell ; the D. galea has an elevated line between
the upper ribs in an early stage of growth, but in this
portion of the shell of D. zonatum, there are thi-ee. It is
accurately described and figm-ed by Dr. Jacob Green of
the United States in the vohmie above referred to, and a
magnificent specimen has been recently described and
figured by Dr. Phibppi in the thii'd volume of his ' Abbil-
dungen ' as a new species with the name above recorded.
January, Isi'J.
T)()//f//N r/ iw.
.^^.vv"'-^"
"6iiiiMiimm3!iao.^\: ■ *
D 0 L I U I\I
Species 13. (Fig. 13. i, and 13. f, J\'Ius. Cuming.)
DoLiUM CuMiNGii. Dol. testa globoso-ovatd, tenui, ven-
iricosd, umhllkatd, aufractibm septem, transversim
nmUicodatis, costis depresso-planis, confertis, interditiis
Uneari-sulcatis, columella subcontortd, labro simplici;
fulvo-castaued, macul'm fuscis et alhis fasciatim pectc-
I'mriter nebulatd.
Cuming's Tun. Shell globosely ovate, thin, ventricosc,
umbilicated, whorls seven in number, transversely
many-ribbed, ribs depressly flattened, close-set, inter-
stices linearly grooved, columella slightly twisted, lip
simple ; fulvous chesnut, peculiarly clouded in a
banded manner with brown and white spots.
Hanley, MSS. Mus. Cuming.
Hah. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
This is unquestionably distinct both from the J), olea-
rium and Deshai/em. Characterized in great measure by its
globose form, it is also distinguished by its'Vtyle of painting
which is very peculiar, and, as in all the species of the
genus, a constant and not unimportant feature.
Species 14. (Mus. Cumin-, i
DoLiUM OLEARIUM. Dol. tenia ovatd, ve)it>ico.srssi„i,
umbilicatd, spirce suturk caiialiculatk, anfractib,
septem, tramversim costatis, costis plano-depressk,
lafiusculis, confertis, interstitm lineari-sulcatis, labro
simplici ; fulvo-castaned, niaculis conspicuis albis
aspersd.
The oil-jar Tun. Shell ovate, extremely ventricose,
umbilicated, sutm-es of the spii-e channelled, whorls
seven iu number, transversely ribbed, ribs flatly de-
pressed, rather broad, close set, interstices linearly
grooved, lip simple ; fulvous chesnut, sprinkled with
conspicuous white spots.
Lamakck, Anim. sans vert, vol x. p. 140.
BucciiiMM oleurium, Bruguiere.
Hob. Ceylon.
This is the Biiccimim olearium of Bruguiere, but not of
Linnaeus, which accounts for his remark in the Encyclo-
pedic Methodique : " J'ignore ce que Linue a entendu par
les mots ' siilcis obiusis Utieold elevald intersti/ictis,' qu'il a
employe dans la difference specifiquc de ce Buccin, puisque
ses cotes, de meme que ses sillons, n'offrent pas des lignes
elevees." The shell upon which Linnseus founded his
Bttccinum olearium, preserved in the museum of the
Linneean Society of London, proves on examination to be
notliing more than a very young specimen of the D. galea,
in the early growth of wliich species there is always a fine
elevated line in the interstices of the upper ribs.
From an observation of two young individuals of the
Lamarckian Dolium olearium in the same collection, I am
inclined to think Linna;us' Bulla canaliculala, which has
never been identified, is tliis shell ; there is, however, one
point in which the description of that species in the
' Systema Naturae ' does not agree, namely, in respect of
form, "cyUndrica." For this reason the name olearium,
with the above explanation, may be retained.
Species 15. (Fig. 13. a, Mus. Cuming.;
Dolium Deshayesii. Dol. testa subgloboso-oblongd, vix
umbilicatd, spird mmquam canaliculatd, anfractibiis sex,
spiraliter lineari-mlcatis, labro simplici ; pallide ful-
vescente-castaned, maculis compicuia albis, fusco-um-
bratk, plerumque hinis, subdistantihis fasdatim pictd.
Desiiayes' Tun. Shell somewhat globosely oblong,
scarcely umbilicated, spire never channelled, whorls
six in number, spirally linearly gi-ooved, lip simple,
pale fulvous chesnut, painted with bands of rather
distant conspicuous white spots, shaded with browii,
and ranging mostly in pairs.
Sab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A comparison of this shell with the Lamarckian BoUum
olearium enables me to confirm the accuracy of M. Deshayes'
observation (Anim. sans vert. nov. edit. vol. x. p. 140. note)
to the "fleet, that the specimen figui-ed for that species by
Mr. So, -irby in his 'Genera of Shells,' and by myself,
from the Same engraving, in ' Conchologia Systematica,' is
distinct fro> i it. The sutm-es of the spire are not chan-
nelled, and I'lere is a singular peculiarity in the style of
colouring, ben g painted with white blotches, shaded with
brown, ranging two and two in distant bands, or in bands
longitudinally. The figure in ' The Genera ' gives a cha-
racteristic view of the back of the species.
D () L I U M .
(imptiUacenm, Pliilippi I.
Chitieiise {Bkcc), Clienmitz . . . VI.
costatum, Desliayes V.
cri'iiuhifmii., Philippi Y[I.
Cumiugii, Bmileij VI 1 1
Desliayesii, Beeve VII I
fosciatum (S/tec), Bniguii-re . . VII.
timbriatum, Sowerbij III.
galea (Bkcc), Linnfeus I.
Kk'iieri, Pliilippi V.
IntUuhre^ Kiener W .
inaciilatum, Lamarck III.
marybiafniii, Pliilippi III.
iiiclanostoma, Jaij II. 2
Mitijnr, Adaiison IIP 3
iileariiim (B«cc.), Braguitre . . . VIII. II
perdix (Biicc), Linnaeus . ... VI. V)
plumatimi, Green VI. 0
pomum [Bkc), Liimajus IV. 6
ringens ( Cteii), Swaiuson .... IV. 5
iemie, Menke I. 1
temllatim, Enc. Metli III. 3
variegatum, Lamarck V. 7
variegatmit, PLilippi VI. 10
zonatum, Green VII. 13
MONOGRAPH
OE THE GENUS
CASSIS
" Yet this obtains iu all,
That all discevu ii beauty in His works,
Anil all can taste them. Minds have been formed
And tutor'd, with a relish more exact,
But none without some relish, none unmoved." — Cowper.
{ass is 11 I .
CASSIS.
Genus Cassis, Lamarck.
Testa ovata vel triijono-ovata, ad iasiu canali remno ascen-
denie Urminata, spird brevi, anfractibus interdum vari-
qpsis, anfractu ultimo valde maxima, inflato ; colu-
mella sapissime plicato-rugatd vel granosd et plerwriqiie
late expunsd, aperturd elongatd plus minusve ani/usfd,
labro incrassato, dentato.
Shell ovate or triaugulaa-ly ovate, tenninating at the base
with a recm-ved ascending canal, spire short, whorls
sometimes varicose, last whorl very large, inflated;
columeDa most frequently pUcately wrinkled or
grained, and generally widely expanded, aperture
elongated, more or less narrow, lip thickened, toothed.
The Cassides, or Helmets, are a strong, muscidai", but
inactive group of moUusks, whose shell is mainly distin-
guished by its solid or inflated growth and short spire,
and by an abruptly ascendmg recurved canal, thi-ough
whicli the siphon conveying the water to the breathing
organs passes, and is of more than ordinary dimensions.
The head is stout and fleshy, prolonged into the tentacles
after the manner of Purpura and Buccinum., the eyes
being situated on the outer smface, near the base ; M.
Deshayes has, however, observed that in the C. sulcosa of
the Mediterranean they are elevated on a short pedicle.
The calcifying functions of the Cassides are somewhat
vigorously exercised, some of the shells being of large
size and often of extremely soUd growth; the mantle
which lines the interior of the shell, extends in ample
folds about the aperture, and is fi-eely occupied in the
secretion of that rich display of enamel which, thi'ough
being deposited in layers of different tints, affords so
beautifid a material for the engraving of Cameos. The C.
MadagascarieuMS, on account of its finely expanded hp and
purity of colour, is particularly adapted for this singular
art of gem-engraving, practised by the ancients ; and the
well-known ' Bull's Mouth,' C. rufa, is also much used.
The opercidum of Cassis is very pecuhar; it is of a
honiy composition, of an elongated crescent form, crenu-
lated along the edge, and rayed with deep stria;.
We have no representative of this genus on our own
coast, and only one species, C. sulcosa, ranges so far north
as the Mediterranean. According to the observations of
M. Deshayes, it lives upon the juices of difl'erent Bivalves,
whose shells it penetrates with its proboscis, like the
Murices.
The chief localities noticed in the following monograph
are China, the Molucca and Philippine Islands, AJgoa
Bay and the islands of the Pacific, the West Indies, New
Holland, and New Zealand. It should be observed, liow-
ever, that the species are but sparingly distributed, and
very few new ones have been collected during the last
few years, amongst the vast numbers that have been
discovered of other genera. The shells present a lively
display of coloiu-s, and, from their singular plan of growth,
constitute a very characteristic type in the great series of
Gastropods.
Species 1. (Fig. a, h, c, Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis torquata. Cass, testa ovatd, spird suhacumbiutd,
anfractibus evaricosis, convexis, lavibus, columelld basi
imiplicatd, labro quinque- vel sex-spinoso ; fnlwscente-
lacted, anfractibus maculis quadratis intense castaneis
equidistantibus miperne et inferne uniseriativi picfi.i,
labro castaneo macidato.
The enchained Helmet. Shell ovate, spire somewhat
acuminated, whorls destitute of varices, convex,
smooth, columella one-plaited at the base, Hp fivc-
or six-spinose ; fulvous cream-colour, whorls painted
round the upper and lower parts with a row of equi-
distant, square, dark chesnut spots, lip spotted with
chesnut.
Variety (3. (Fig. I.e.)
Testa iucrassata, anfractibus superne nodoso-tuhei-culatis.
Shell thickened, with the whorls nodosely tubercled round
the upper part.
Hah. New Holland.
This species, of which four excellent figm'cs were pub-
lished in 1773 by Martini (Couch. Cab. vol. ii. pi. 38.
f. 383 to 386), has been confounded hitherto with that
commonly known to collectors under its two-fold aspect
of C. viiex and erinaceus. It is uniformly of smaller size
and eminently distinguished by its style of painting, the
pattern of which does not consist of longitudinal flames
or dot-lines, but of two conspicuous chains of square
chesnut spots, one eneircUng the whorls immediately
beneath the sutures, the other at the base; the large
intermediate surface being clear and unspotted, beyond
three faint indications of bands.
Ausust, 1S4S.
CASSIS.— Plate I.
Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)
Cassis cohnuta. Cass, testa maxima, ovatd, ventricosd,
spird depressd, apice amdd; aiifraclilms univaricosis,
superne (iiigulalis,forlittr tuheradatis, itiierenlis erecto-
conicis, infra cingulk duohm callosis obsohte tubercu-
latis, tubereulis cetate crescentibus, ciugulonim inter-
stiliis scroiicttlis parvis, Iiexagoitis, nunc regul-aribus,
nunc irreffularibttS, ereberrime reliciilatis ; coluimlld
concavo-depressd, lahroqiie exlerno rude et fortiter
rugatis, lahns plus mhmsve plauo-expamis et supenie
jmictis; laded, ferrwjineo-rufescente lie illic pallide
tinctd, varicibm dngulisqiie fusco grandimaculatis,
coltimelldet aperlurd fulm-titrims, rugis albieantibus,
scrobiculis sub eiicauslum peculiariter opaco-albis.
The horned Helmet. Sliell very large, ovate, ventri-
cose, spii-e depressed, sharp at tlie apex ; whorls one-
varicose, angulated round the upper part, strongly
tubercled, tubercles erectly conical, two callous ob-
soletely tubercled belts beneath, the tubercles in-
creasing vrith age, interstices between the belts
closely reticulated with small liexagonal pits, some-
times regular, sometimes irregular ; columella con-
cavely depressed, and, with the outer lip, nidely and
strongly wrinkled, lips more or less flatly expanded,
joined at the upper part: cream-coloured, palely
tinged here and there with rusty red, varices and
belts stained with large brown blotches, columella
and aperture fulvous citron, wriukles whitish, pits
beneath the enamel pecidiarly opake-white.
Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. (Deshaycs' edit.) vol.x. p. 20.
Buccimim cormdum, Linnrcus.
Cassidea cormda, Bruguiere.
Eadem, Cassk labiata, Chemnitz.
Halj. Moluccas, West Indies, Pacific
This fine species, the largest of the genus, grows to an
immense size, yet examples are not unfrequently met
with, of comparatively small dimensions, bearing all the
characters of the adult shell, except in having little indi-
cation of tubercles on the two central callous belts. The
interstices between these, and other parts of the surface,
are distinguished in all stages of growth by a beautiful
hoiiey-coud)ed structure, consisting of a number of hexa-
gonal cells, which in that part of the body -whorl overlaid
by the columellar lip, become filled up with opake-white
matter. The tubercles along the upper angle of the
whorls are always very prominent, and sometimes rather
compressed.
The C. cornuta assumes two very distinct varieties of
form : one extremely broad and ventricose at the base of
the spire, attaining rather the lai-ger size ; the other of a
more oblong form, in which the lip is more widely es-
paned into a flattened plane. It is the latter variety of
which Chemnitz has given two admu-able figures in the
Conchylien Cabinet, vol. Lx. pi. IS-l and 185, uuder the
name Cassis labiata.
Species 3. (JIus. Cuming.)
Cassis semigranosa. Cass, testa ovatd, bad contractd,
spird acuminatd, apice subpapillari, anfractibus evari-
cosis, rotundaiis, lavibus, basi striatis, superne gra-
Horuni seriebus quinque vel sex compicue eiugulatis,
granis sub plicas descetdentes ; colmnelld teuuiplicatd,
basi truncatd, labro reflexo, lievigato ; aUiidd, fulvo-
ferrugineo plus minusve tinctd.
The half-grained Cassis. Shell ovate, contracted at
the base, spire acuminated, somewhat papdlary at
the apex; whorls destitute of varices, rounded,
smooth, striated at the base, encircled round the
upper part with five or six conspicuous rows of
grains, which are upon descending folds ; columella
finely plicated, truncated at the base, lip reflected,
smooth ; whitish, more or less stained with fulvous
rust colour.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 37.
Hab. Van Dieman's Land.
The rows of gi'ains which are ranged along the summit
of the descending folds roimd the upper portion of the
whorls arc extremely characteristic, the columella is pccu-
Uarly short and truncated, and the smoothness of the
outer lip is an unusual featui-e. The shell is usually
stained with a kind of fulvous rust colour, whilst the
apex is of ivory whiteness with a .somewhat papillary
aspect.
^//.y.y/j-. //.//.
CASSIS
Species 4. (Fig. «, h, c, d, Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis decussata. Cass, testa ovatd, compressiuscula,
■spird siibacuminatd, apice acuta ; anfractibus univari-
cosis, striis elevatiuscidh lorujitudinalibus, incisisque
Iransversis nndique dectissatis, prcecipne ad spiram;
varicibus stiperne pectiliarUer bi-tri-dentato-spinosis,
columella fortiter pUcato-ncgatd ; Uvido-ceerulescente,
maculis quadratis vel str'ujis fitlvis longititdinaliter
midatd, maculis strigisve super varices et aperlurte
fauce interne castaneo-nifis.
'I'he decussated Helmet. Shell ovate, rather com-
pressed, spire somewhat acuminated, sharp at the
apex ; whorls one-varicose, decussated throughout
with rather elevated longitudinal and engi-aved trans-
verse strife, especially ou the spii-e ; varices peculiarly
two-three-deutately spinous at the upper part ; colu-
mella strongly plicately m-inkled ; livid blue, longitu-
dinally waved with fulvous streaks or square spots,
interior of the aperture and spots or streaks upon the
varices deep chesnut-red.
Lam.vuck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 29.
Biicciniiiii decmsatum, LinnKUs.
Cussidea decussata, Bruguiere,
Hnh. ?
Ill this species the striped and tessellated designs of
painting which charaterize the C. areola and vndata are
united, the varieties being unaccompanied by any dif-
ference of form or scidptuj-e. The eliief peculiarity in the
sculpture of C. decussata, the same in both varieties, con-
sists in the longitudinal stria; being raised, whilst the trans-
verse striiE are engraved ; in other words, the former are
ridges, the latter grooves. Another feature to be remarked
is that the varices, including that which forms the reflected
maririn of the aperture, are armed at the summit, next
the spire, with two or three dentate spines which in all
other species, where they occiu-, are at the base.
i\I. Deshayes remarks in a note on C. decussata (Anim.
sans vert. vol. x. p. 9.) that Lamarck in rcl'erring to
Martini's figm-es (Couch. Cab. vol. 2. f. 360-1, and 367-
8.) has confounded a young specimen of his C. zebra (C.
undata) with it. This is a mistake : Lamarck was perfectly
correct, and so was Martini, who, although he describes
each of these shells separately, refers them both to the Buc-
cinum decnssatuni of Liimasus. They represent truly the
species in different states, and perhaps the most extreme.
Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)
Cassis Madagascabiensis. Cass, testa sub-trigono-
ovatd, veidricosd, elevato-rotundatd, anfractibus longi-
tudinaliter subirregidariter striatis, transversim super-
fcialiter sulcatis, triseriatim tubermdatis, tubercidis
snpreniis grandibits, prominerdibus ,- columella profuse
plicato-rugatis, rugis hie illic bifurcatis, labro latmime
expanso, marginibns conjnnctis, labro extemo intus con-
spicue dentato ; caruleo-albicante, facie eticausticd ru-
fescente-iiicarnatd, dentibm rugisque albis, interstitii'i
intense purpureo-casta/ieis.
The Madagascar Helmet. Shell somewhat triangu-
larly ovate, veutricose, elevately rotundate, whorls
longitudinally somewhat irregulai-ly striated, trans-
versely superficially grooved, encircled with three
rows of tubercles, of which the uppeiinost are large
and prominent; columella profuselyplicately wrinkled,
wi-inkles here and there bifurcated, lip very widely
expanded, margins joined, outer lip conspicuously
toothed witliin ; bluish white, enamelled face reddish
flesh-coloured, teeth and wrmkles white, interstices
intense purple-chesnut.
Lamarck, Ajum. sans vert. vol. x. p. 20.
Hab. Madagascar.
Tliis fine species may be recognised by the delicate flesh
tint of its enamelled face and deep purple-chesnut coloiu-ing
of the Up and columella ; it attains almost as large a size
as the C. coniutus. Li sculptm-e it diflers from that species
in having the surface transversely rather supei-ficially
sirooved, not cancellated.
Cas.n\i Pi JIT .
ileotp Bra>li;uix &,Rf<cvc,imp
CASSIS.
Species li. (Mus. Cuuiing.)
Cassis bisulcata. Cass, testci globosa, teimiculd, spird
hrevl, ai/fractibus evaricosis, rotundatis, transversim
impresso-striatis, snlcis duohiia siiMi.irii>-is ii/fni sk-
tiirns; columella fortissiiue niJi- riu/iind-jiHrdlii^ Uihro
diniiato-lirato ; cmruleo-nHi'ii-itulv, hkk-kIik I'ldro-nifX'n-
ceniibiis parois qiciidmtl.t dis/,iii/if)iis uniatd, iipice
Uvido-mgrkaute.
The double-gkooved Helmet. ?jLcll globuse, rather
thin, spire short, whorls destitute of varices, romided,
transversely impressly striated, with two somewhat
obscure grooves beneath the sutm-es ; columella very
strongly roughly plaited, lip dentately ridged ; bluish
white, ornamented with small fulvous red distant
square spots, apex pale li\dd Ijlack.
Schubert and Wagner, Conch. Cab. Supp. p.GS. pi. 223.
f. 3081, 3082.
Hah. Manila, Island of Luzon (on the reefs) ; Cuming.
The general aspect and sculpture of this shell apjn-oaches
nearest to that of C. cnnaliculaia, from which it diifers in
not having the deep broad channelled groove around the
sutures, whilst the coloured squares arc more (bstant,
darker, and more defined.
Species 7. (iliis.Erit.)
Cassis tuberosa. Ca.ss. Icsfd /naffuu, triyo)io-ovatd,
gibhosissimd, spird plano-convexd, apice acutd ; anfrac-
tibus miivaricosis, superni nngidatk, tuberculatis, tu-
bercido cmtrali dorsnli proi,ihii'iil'iiiri\ hifni i-higidos
Iribus mllosis, ob-io/r/r tnhrrnilatix, inln-xfilux Irnii-
cersim sidcatis, loiigi/iidi/in/ifcr fn-bcrnu/r rornu/dto-
Uneat'ts ; columella plaiuusculd, leviier cuiicavd, rude
rugatd, rugis noiMuUis sulco divisk, lalwo externo
fortiter dentato ; aipdlo-albd, dorso ri'fo-f/isrd crmi-
k'oque uebulatd, castamo conspiciie liii(,jihidiiiidii"r
flammatd, varicibus maculix perpuiic/s i/i,/ni;ii//ibu.s
notatis, cohimelld mvide caslnimi, rugh albidU.
The tuberous Helmet. Shell large, triangularly ovate,
very hump-backed, spire flatly convex, sharp at the
apex ; whorls one-varicose, angulated roiiiul the
uppei- part, tubercied, central dorsal tuljercle more
prominent than the rest, witii three obsoletely tuber-
cied callous belts, interstices transversely grooved
and longitudinally very closely lineated in a some-
what wrinkled manner ; columella rather flattened,
slightly concave, rudely wrinkled, some of the wrin-
kles divided by a groove, outer lip strongly dentated ;
swarthy-white, clouded on the back with reddish
bro\ni or blue, varices marked udth a very few
blackish lilotches, cohnnella bright chesniit, wrinkles
whitish.
Lamarck, Atiim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol.x. p. 21.
Ca.%sldm tuherosa, Bniguicre.
Testa junior. Buccinim striatum., Gronovius.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
This species is mainly distinguished by its swarthy liue
and solid triangular growth, the back of tlie shell being
peculiarly gibbous and strongly tubercied.
Species 8. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Cassis canaliculata. Cass, testa globoso-ovatd, tenui-
culd, subbijlatd, spird breviusculd, .nduris peculiariter
late et profuitde canaliculatis ; atifrrwlibus evaricosis,
Iransvershn inciso-striatis ; colnmelld rude plicato-
liratd, labro dentato ; livido-albicante, macidis oblongo-
qnadratis inaKjuaUbus rnfesceHte-fusnis sulnndistiiicte
quadrifascintis.
The channelled Helmet. Shell globosely ovate, rather
thin, somewhat inflated, spire rather short, sutures
peculiarly broadly and deeply channelled; whorls
destitute of varices, encircled with engraved stria; ;
columella rudely plicately ridged, lip dentated ; livid
white, somewhat indistinctly four-banded with un-
equal oblong-square reddish brown spots.
Lamarck, Aium. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. \. p. 37.
Cassidea canaliculata, Bruguiere.
Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
Distinguished from all oth
deei) liroad channel around tiic
•■r species by the
sutures.
CASSIS.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis spinosa.' Cass, lestd oUonyo-ovatd, temdculd,
ventricosd, basi aitenuutd, spird depreaso-CMvexd, apice
acidd, iwfraciibHS nnivaricosis, transversim obsolete sul-
cci/i.i, spin! bimiiue longitudinaliter tenuiplicatk, m-
jiti-ii'e iiiu/iiliiniiii seriebus tribus, quorum superiore
iiiiiiiitil MoiiitiJ'onid, cingulatis ; colmiielld cotKavd,pU-
cato-ru(jatd, ruyis brevibus irregularibus, labro externo
rude dentdto, serie nodulorum ; looted, fulvo-spadiceo
yi/,.",-r /,,„,,■',/. J'lixriis! i/iiiiiipii' iiiif phirihiis, maculis
.'■ ^ ■.'l,',;ilinnh>ix ,ill,unrlinil,itis,cili(julatd.
The min,>i, ( \-M-^. Sh.-ll (.l)loiig-ovatf, rather tliin,
veiilricose, attenuated at the base, spii'e depressly
convex, sharp at the apex, whorls oue-varicose,
transversely obsoletely grooved, longitudinally iinely
plicated on the spire and at the base, encircled with
three rows of nodules round the upper part of which
the uppermost row is minute and necklace-Uke ; co-
lumella concave, plicately wTinkled, wTinkles short
and in-egidar, outer lip rudely deutated, with the
addition of a row of nodules ; cream-coloui-ed, palely
stained with fulvous bay, and encii'cled by fom- or
more bands of semilunar darker bay spots articulated
with white.
Deshayes, Anim. saus vert. vol. x. p. 23, noli'.
Buccii
I.I qit
(irouovi
Zooph.
Biirridihii li/i„iji//ii, Gmelin,
Biirciiiuiit /tisstltdtiim, Gmelin.
Buccinum maculosum, Gmelin.
Cassidea fascia ta , Bruguiere .
Cassis fasciata, Lamarck.
Hub. Australia.
There are three peculiarities of chai-acter in this species
which distuiguish it in an eminent degree from any other.
The first consists of a necklace-like row of small spinous
nodules just within the base of the spire ; the second
feature of interest is the dorsal bands of articulated semilu-
nar spots, which are presented in all stages of growth; and
the third is that of a row of spinous nodules upon the
ttattened surface of the outer lip. In foi-m the C. spinosa
has some general resemblance with the C.Jlamniea, but it
is a shell of much lighter growth and has no indication of
any tubercles.
species 10. (.AIus. Cummg.)
Cassis testiculus. Cass.
WJO-l
i, crassd,
ponderosd, Cypracefomi, spird brevissimd, apice acutd ;
anfractibns evaricosis, longitudinaliter teme et creber-
rum plicalo-liraiis, superns rotundatis, basin versus
sulcatis ; columella callosd, undique plicato-rugatd,
labro crasse reflexo, intus dentate, aperturd elongatd,
angustd; livido-violaseente, purpureo-fiisco longitudi-
naliter undatd et maculatd, liris dorsalibus albidis,
columelld labroque rufescentibus, posteriore pone iiiyro-
macnlato.
The pukse Helmet. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate, thick,
ponderous, Co^vry-shaped, spire very short, sharp at
the apex ; whorls destitute of varices, longitudinally
finely and very closely plicately ridged, rounded at
the upper part, grooved towards the base ; columella
callous, plicately wrinkled thi-oughout, lip thickly
reflected, toothed within, apertiu-e elongated and
narrow; livid violet, longitudinally waved and
spotted with purple brown, dorsal ridges whitish,
colimiella and lip reddish, the latter spotted behind
with black.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 32.
Buccinum testiculus, Linnseus.
Cassidea testiculus, Brugidere.
Hob. West Indies.
Variety /!j. (Fig. 10, u.)
Testa sHlpgriformis, superue crassissima, turgida, plicato-
tuberculata.
Shell somewhat pear-shaped, very tidck, swollen, and pli-
cately tubereled round the upper part.
Cassis plicata, Martini.
Buccinum plicatum, DUlwyn,
Cassidea crummu, Bruguiere.
Cassis crumena, Lamarck.
Uab. West Indies.
M. Kiener has \ery tridy indicated these to be varieties
of the same species, the latter being of a very thick
swollen callous gTOwth, plicately tubereled round the
upper part, but agreeing in the minutest detail \\-ith tin-
former. Both are from the same locality.
August, 18-i8.
^ .^,
CASSIS
i^pocies 11. (Mus. Cuniiu!;-.)
( Assis Saburon. Cfi.ss. /I'xtd ovaUi, vmtrimsd, sjjird
Im-riKunild, iipice siibpujiilhin , a iifractihus evaricosis
rotiniJull'i, traiisvi'i-xi,,/ imil'iiiiw ireberriMe mdcatis,
Dutnjhiv xiijiiriuri cn-iiiihitix ,- i-nluuivUd callom, niyis
hn-ril,„-s pa-paiieix „l,li,j„,y lubru xiil,irre,jiiJ„nin- den-
iiilo-linito ■ pallida aiirri'd aiit fidrtsmi/c, nbxcuri
qiiiiiqiii'J'a.iciatd, fascih indisibtcte quadrato-macnUdis,
iiiiii-nlis poiii varices intense rufo-castaneis.
The Sabuuon Helmet. SheU ovate, ventricose, spii-e
rather short, apex slightly papillary ; whorls destitute
of varices, rounded, transversely very closely grooved
tluoughout, crenulated at the upper margin ; colu-
mella callous, mth a very few short oblique wrinkles,
lip somewhat irregularly dentately ridged ; pale ash
or light fidvous colour, obscurely five-banded, bands
indistinctly square-spotted, spots behind the varices
dark reddish chesnut.
Lamarck, Aiiim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 36.
Le Saburon, Adnnsoii.
Kii.irii, I ■.,,:r. J ,,- ,, S.huhert and Wagner.
Hab. Japan (on the sands) ; Dr. Siebold.
Mainly distinguished by its close transverse grooves
and rounded form ; the spots are often much obscured,
excepting behind the marginal varix, where in comparison
they are vmusually dark.
Martini has a very excellent figure of this species (Conch.
Gab. vol. 2. pi. 34. f. 350) referred to by Lamarck under
the head of C. (jranulosa (0. injlatnm), and the figure in
a vignette, f. 1-2 at p. 10, of the same work to which
M. Deshayes refers for C. Saburon, appears to correspond
with one not hitherto described, which 1 propose to dis-
tinguish by the name C. jilla.
spec
(Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis FLAmmea. Cass, lestd oblonyo-oratd, rix trtgona,
spird breviusculd, apice aciUd ; anfrnclibiis niiirnriivsis,
lonffitudiualiter teiiuiier plicato-riujntix, rmjix iHcilium.
versus cetate obsolrfis
"" I"
angulatis, luberci(lorii„i xcrirbns tnbns aid iilnrUinx
armatis, tuhercuUa latcruVdvr cuuipressis, labrum versus
ohsoletiorihus ; cohimelld concaviusculd, rude nyatd,
labro externo fortiter dentato ; lacted, dorso griseo-
ccerulescente nebulosd, easfinnv longitiidinaVder flam-
maid, varicibm maculis gni/n/ibnx „ii/ris tiuctis.
The flamed Cassis. Shell <iblong-nvate, scarcely tri-
angidar, spii-e rather short, sharp at the apex ; whorls
one-varicose, longitudinally finely pHcately wrinkled,
the ^vrinkles becoming obsolete towards the middle
with age, upper part of the whorls but slightly angu-
lated, armed with three or more rows of tubercles,
which are laterally compressed and more obsolete
towards the lip ; columella rather concave, rudely
wrinkled, outer lip strongly toothed ; cream-coloured,
clouded at the back Avith greyish blue, longitudinally
flamed with chesnut, varices stained with large black
blotches.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 22.
Bttccinumjlammeum, Linnseus.
Cassidea f/nmnien, Eruguierc.
Rab. ?
The peculiar oblong oval form of this species, w-liich
is of constant occurrence, fully distinguishes it from C.
tuherosa, of which M. Kiener intimates his opinion that
it is a variety. There is moreover a imiform variation
in the sculpture, which, in the species under consideration,
rather assumes the natm-e of plicated wTinkles ; the tu-
bercles are more numerous, smaller, and more compressed.
Ca.s.i/.s . JV 17.
V
•3
^,
^f^
#' ." Jit'
CASSIS.
Species 13. (Fig. o, JIus. Saul ; Fig. /; and c, Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis tenuis. Cass, testa ovato-ohlougd, cijUudraced,
CypriBtefoj-mi, tenuiculd, spird brevissimd, mifradilms
lambuis, transversitii regulariter sulcatis, sidciii binis,
interstitim longUudlnaliter obtuse liratis, tiiberculorum
seriebus quatuor armatis ; columella vix concavd, su-
per ne et iiiferni rugatd, labro externa peculiar iter
rejlexo, fortiter dentato-Urato, liris binis ; aperturd
elomjatd, extremitatibus ambahus canalieulatis ; pur-
pureo-fuscd, livido-cceruleo nebulatd, sulcis lirisgue dor-
salibm caruleo-albidis, columelld pnrpureo-nigrd, rugis
albis, labro colmnellari basin versus rufo vivide tinctd,
area pone labruni externum purpureo-nigro coiispicue
nwcnlatd.
The thin Cassis. Shell ovately-oblong, cylindrical,
Cowry-shaped, rather thin, spii-e veiy short, whorls
smooth, transversely regularly grooved, grooves two
and two, interstices longitudinally obtusely ridged,
armed with foiu' rows of tubercles ; columella slightly
concave, wrinkled above and below, outer lip pecu-
liarly reflected, strongly dentately ridged, ridges in
pairs, apertm-e elongated, both extremities channelled ;
purple-brown, clouded with livid blue, dorsal grooves
and ridges white, columella stained towards the base
with bright red, area behind the outer lip conspi-
cuously blotched with piu'ple-black.
GiiAY, Wood Index Test. Supp. pi. 4. f. 4.
Cassis Massena, Kiener.
Hab. GaUapagos Islands (in sandy mud at the depth of
six fathoms) ; Cumiug.
M. Deshayes in his notice of tlus species likens it to the
C. testiculus; the accompanying figure of a matui'e specimen
shows, however, that it is much more nearly allied to the
C. rufa. In its most advanced stage of growth the shell
is comparatively thin, the lip being cm-led back without
any great deposit of enamel ; the general form is more
cylindrically oblong than that of C. riifa, and the aperture
is wider. The colour and marking are extremely pretty.
The C. tenuis, of wliich a very small but accui-ate figure
was pubUshed by Mr. Wood in his supplement to the
' Index Testaceologicus,' has been very generally mistaken
by English collectors for Lamarck's C.pennata, whicli
is merely the young of C. rufa.
Species If. (Mus. Saul.)
Cassis coarctata. Cass, testd cylindraceo-ovatd, cras-
sinsculd, spird brevi, anfractibus evaricosis, iransversim
temiissime striatis, costis nodulosis cingulatis, iiuarum
quatuor ceeteris majoribm; columelld breviplieatd et
oblique subtiUter rugatd, labro intus dentato-lirnto.
sttpei-ni coarctato, non reflexo, apei'turd elongutd, an-
gustd; cinereo-albidd, pnrpureo-fusco finctu, /luiluti.s
nonnulUs albicantibus, columelld labroque rufescentibus.
The contracted Helmet. SheD cylindrically ovate,
rather thick, spire short, whorls destitute of varices,
transversely very finely striated, encircled by nodulous
ribs, four of wliich are larger than the rest ; cohmiclla
shortly plicated, and obhquely finely wrinkled, lip
dentately ridged within, contracted at the upper part,
not reflected, aperture elongated and narrow ; ash-
white, stained with purple-brown, some of the nodules
wliitish, lip and columella reddish.
Gray, Wood Index Test. Supp. pi. 4-. f. 5.
Cypraacassis coarctata, Stutchbui-y.
Uab. Gallapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean (in crevices of
rocks) ; Cimiing.
The contraction of the outer lij), whicli is always con-
stant, is a singidar feature in this species. For the mag-
nificent specimen here represented, which is of unusually
large size, I am indebted to the choice collection of Miss
Saul.
August, 1S4S.
C^.i:u:s. Pf. 17/
.^.,..
--t^
CASSIS.
Species 15. (Mus. Cumiug.)
CHASSIS viBEX. Cass, testa ehngato-ovatd, basi pecuUarUer
effitsa, spird suhacimvimtd ; anfractibus evaricosk, coti-
vexis, suboblique convolutis, l/eviffaiis, politis, columella,
incrassatd, basi uniplicatd, labro basi quadrispinoso ;
carneo-cinerascente, obscure fasciafd, flammis fulves-
ceiifibiis longitiidmalUer pictd, linekque indutincte
fit-sco-piindatii ciiigidatd ; coltmelld eburmd, labro cas-
taiieo intense luaculato.
The striped Helmet. Shell eloiigately ovate, peciiliarly
efFused at the base, spii-e somewhat acuminated;
whorls destitute of varices, convex, somewhat ob-
liquely convoluted, smooth, polished, columella thick-
ened, one-plaited at the base, lip four-spined at the
base; fleshy ash-colour, obscurely banded, painted
l()nij;itudinally with light fulvous flames and encircled
with indistinctly brown-dotted lines ; columella ivory-
wliite, lip intensely spotted with ehesnut.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 38.
Biirciiiiiui ri/iej; Linnanis.
Cussidea rdiKi; Bi"iiguii)rc.
Variety /3. (Fig. 15, /i.)
Testa minor, valde incrassatn, anfrnrtihns siipente iiodosis,
nodis in plicis sape descendentibiis.
Shell smaller, veiy much thickened, with the whorls uo-
duled round the upper part, nodules fi-equently
descending in folds.
Buccinum erinacetis, LinmBus.
Burrininn nodiihmm, Gmelin.
Bnvciniiui l,iiir„iiiln„i, Dillwyn.
Casnidcii rriiiiifi'iis, Bruguicre.
Cassis ri-iniiiT/ix, Lamarck.
Hab. Philippine and Pacific Islands ; Cuming.
The species C. vibex and toi-qmta were confounded in-
discriminately by Linnseus, Lamarck, and others, to judge
by the reference made to Martini's figures, the smooth
specimens being set apart under the specific title of vibex,
the noduled variety under that of eriuaceiis; it will,
however, be seen that there are two very distinct
species, both equally distinguished in having the upper
portion of the whorls sometimes rounded, sometimes
strongly noduled or plicately tubercled. The name eri-
naceus is therefore suppressed, as being founded on the
thickened noduled variety of either species, and that which
had not been recognised is named C. torquata.
Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis recurvirostrum. Cass, testd ovatd, lemucidd,
spird subaeimiinatd, anfractibus evaricosis, lavibm,
superni concavo-declivibus, plicis temibus interdmn
obsoleti-s e ■mturis descendentibus ; columella subampUter
uniplicatd et obtuse granosd, labro subtiliter dentato-
lirato ; pallide fuho-spadiced, maculis parvi.i rufes-
cente-fnscis subquadratii distantibus seriatim notatd.
The recurved-beak Helmet. Shell ovate, rather thin,
spire somewhat acuminated, whorls destitute of va-
rices, smooth, concavely slanting round the upper
part, with thin plaits, sometimes obsolete, descending
from the sutures ; columella somewhat largely one-
plaited and obtusely grained, lip finely dentately
ridged ; light fulvous bay, marked with rows of small
rather square distant reddish brown spots.
Buccinum recurvirostrum, Wood, Index Test. pi. 23. {. 30.
Hob. Kaines' Island, Toitcs Straits ; Capt. Ince.
JI. Kiener figures this shell as the young of C. in/lata
{C. granulosa, Lamarck), from which, it is scarcely neces-
sary to add, it is perfectly distinct. The shell here repre-
sented, from Mr. Cuming's collection, is one of mature
growth ; and I take it to be the Buccinum recurvirostrvm
of Wood, founded on Lister's figm-e. Hist. Couch. 1. 1016.
f. 75. It may be observed that this species is from New
Holland, whilst the C. inflata is a native of the West
Lidies.
peeies 17. (Mvis. Cuming.)
Cassis fi.MBRIata. ''»•«•. Ii-xid ohlongo-omtd. iderumque
tenuiculd, spini .s/di/in>dii,-tii, npi,-,' p,ijitlli,ri, anfrac-
tibus univaricosis, lungitadinaliler irnyuhtnter teiiui-
plicatis, striis transversis prope apicem baMnque decus-
safis, parte superiori dorsali cinguUs nodosis tribus
nrmutd, noJix /las/icr rnmpri'ssi.'i ; ridiijiu'lld urcuatd,
h'nirr nni„hi, Inhru rxlvntn ri.r uhs.d.-li' dmlato ; pal-
ll,di larled, faxnix s,'.r f„h-r.,cei,ld,iis, I masque fusci.s
interriiplis, ucto ant plnribus cingnluld, mriciiusfiisco-
nmculatis.
SeptemhcT, ISImS.
CASSIS.— Plate VII.
The fimbriated Helmet. Shell oblong-ovate, generally
ratlier thin, spire somewhat produced, papillary at
the apex, whorls one-vaiicose, longitudinally iiTegu-
larly finely plicated, crossed near the base and apex
with transverse striae, upper dorsal part of the shell
armed with three rows of posteriorly compressed
nodules; columella curved, but slightly m-inkled,
outer lip scarcely obsoletely dentated ; pale cream-
colour, encii-ded by six light fulvous bands and eight
or more interrupted browu lines, varices stained with
lararc bromi blotches.
Q.UOY and Gaimakd, Voy. de IWstrolabe, Zool. vol. ii.
p. 596. pi. 43. f. 7, 8.
Hab. New HoUand.
The form of this species approaches nearest to that of
the C.fwsciata and Jlaimuata ; its principal featm-es of dis-
tinction consist in the lip and columella being only very
slightly wrinkled and dentated, and in the shell being
encii'cled with browii internipted lines.
The name C.jimbriata was applied in general terras by
Martini in reference to the C. vibex and torquata, but not
upon the binomial principle of nomenclature introduced
by Linnaeus.
ra.^s,.! i'l ////
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CASSIS.
Species 18. (Mus. Hamilton.)
Cassis abbreviata. Cass, testa subgloboso-ovatd,crassd,
spira brevimcula, acmiwiatd, apice subpapillari ; an-
fraetibus, ultimo interdum univaricoso, subrotundis,
striis lonffitudinalibus elevatis, s/dcis striisve iucisis
transversis decMsatis, liris apicem versus conspiciii
granosis; columelld fortiter grauosd, labro valde in-
crassato,prope basin leviter eficso, intus dentato-lirato ;
eburued, macidis parvis aurantio-fusm quadratis vel
inaqimlibus dlstantibus film minus obscure pictd, inter-
dum immaculatd, labri margine retrorso fusco radiato
The abbreviated Helmet. Shell somewhat globosely
ovate, thick, spire rather short, acuminated, apex
rather papillary ; whorls, the last being sometimes
one-varicose, somewhat rounded, decussated with
longitudinal raised striae and transverse engi-aved
strife or grooves, ridges conspicuously granose towards
the apex ; columella strongly granose, lip excessively
thickened, slightly effused towards the base, dentately
ridged within ; ivoiy white, more or less obscurely
painted with small orange-brown spots which ai'e
square or unequal and distant, sometimes unspotted,
reflected edge of the lip rayed with brown.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit) vol. x. p. 30.
Eadem. Cassis lacfen, Kieucr.
Hab. Acapidco.
When Lamarck introduced this species, it escaped his
notice, as subsequently that of his commentators, that he
had already referred to a characteristic figure of it in
jVIartini (Conch. Cab. vol. ii. pi. 34. f. 351, 2) among the
synonymy of his C. granulosa {C.itiflata). It presents
itself under so many ditt'ereut aspects, that it is somewhat
difficult to recognise the species in all its varieties without
a comparison of numerous specimens. M. Kiener's C.
Uictea is undoubtedly a variety of it, and the same may be
said, with less certainty in the absence of figui-es, of the
C. centiquadrata and doliata described in 1811 by Valen-
ciennes in the Zoology of the Voyage of Humboldt and
Bonpland.
Species 19. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Cassis paucirugis. ^"w
apice acuta; aufniri
longitudiualiter irrcgu
-stnali^
apicem versus decussatis, superue angulato-declivibus,
ad anyiihuii ubsuleti- nodosis ; columelld vix plicatd,
labro iu/iii- di'i/fritii-lirnto; eburued, politd, maculis
quadratis fulrcsceiitibus distantibtts exilissimi tinctd,
maculis saturatioribus pone labrum ; aperturae fauce
fulvescente-croced.
The few-wrinkled Helmet. Shell ovate, spire some-
what acuminated, sharp at the apex ; whorls desti-
tute of varices, smooth, shining, longitudinally irre-
gularly very finely marked with engraved striae,
decussated towards the apes, angidarly slanting
round the upper part, obsoletely nodose at the
angle ; columella scarcely plicated, lip dentately ridged
within ; ivory white, polished, very faintly stained
with distant square fulvous spots, which are darker
behind the lip ; interior of the aperture fulvous saffron
colom-.
Menke, Moll. Nov. Hollandise, p. 23. no. 107.
Hab. West coast of New Holland ; Menke.
The Cassis paucirugis was described about five years
ago by Dr. Menke of Pyrniont, Germany, in his Synopsis
of Shells from New Holland, and kindly made known to
me by the transmission of his original specimen. From
its very discolom-ed and bleached appearance the species
was regarded with some doubt, but a comparison of further
specimens from the collections of Mr. Cuming, Mr. Met-
calfe, and Mr. Hauley enables me to add satisfactorily to
the characters afready adduced by Dr. Menke. In the
specimen here represented there is a perceptible indication
of square fulvous spots beneath its ivory enamelled surface,
the columeUar lip remaining of as clear a porcelain white
as that of the Oouhmi ovum, and the interior is distin-
g-uished by a warm, fulvous saffron hue.
The C. paucirugis has not hitherto been illustrated, and
is but little known. It is impossible to identify a species
with any degree of certainty without the aid of a figure,
and this, like many more whose existence has only been
recorded by the simple technicalities of a diagnose, has
been waiting in obscurity to be pubbshed under a more
intelligible aspect.
Siiccics 20. (Mus. Brit.)
Cassis rufa. Cass, testa ovatd, Cgpraaformi, a
simd, ponderosd, -ipird brevissimd, anjractibus
cptember, IS-IS
CASSIS.— Plate VIII.
cosis, longitudinaliter mbtiliter et creberrinie plicato-
corrugatis, tuberculontm seriebus triim aut pluribus
cingnlatis ; columella concaoiusculd, undiqwe tenue ru-
gala, labris valde incrassaik, extemo fortiter rugatu,
fiperlurd elongaid et anguatd, extremitatibiis ambahiu
profundi canaliculatis ; livido-nifescente, fusco alboque
maculatd, aperturd vividi coccineo-rufd, hie illic nigri-
cante tinctd, rugis alhidh.
The red Heljiet. Shell ovate, Cowry-shaped, very
thick, ponderous, spire verj' short, whorls destitute
of varices, longitudinally finely and very closely pli-
eately wrinkled, encircled with three or more rows of
tubercles ; columella sUghtly concave, finely wrinkled
throughout, Ups extremely thickened, the outer lip
strongly wrinkled, apertiu-e elongated and narrow,
with both the extremities deeply channelled ; livid red,
spotted with brown and white, aperture deep scarlet-
red, tinged in parts with black, wrinkles whitish.
Lamakck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 30.
Buccinimi ntftm, Linnseus.
Cassidea rufa, Bruguiere.
Testa juvenis.
Bnccinuvi pullum, Born.
Buccinum peimatum, Gmelin.
Cassidea pmnata, Bruguiere.
Casm pemiata, Lamarck.
Hab. Moluccas, &c. Isle of Ann;
the reefs) ; Cuming.
Pacific Ocean ^on
The Cassis rufa appears to be the species most in
request for the manufacture of ordinary cameos, owing to
the great thickness of the enamel, which is frequently
deposited in a dozen to twenty layers. Large quantities
of these shells are imported for the pui'pose, and the
species has become a common article of merchandise.
The Cumis pemmta of Lamarck, for the illustration of
wldch the author refers to Martini's Conch. Cab. vol. ii.
pi. 36. f. 372-3, is undoubtedly the young of C. nifa.
/"a.ys/A-. Fl IX .
•Q^i
CASSIS
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
C.\ssis PiLA. Cass, testa subgloboso-ovatd, spird brevius-
culd, apice acuta; a>/fractibus evaricosis, tranmersim
undiqiw creberrinw incko-striatis ; columella dense
pUcato-Uratd, labro dentato-lirato ; fulvo-albicante,
maculis umnerosk parvis quadratis rufo-fusck seriatim
pictd.
The ball Helmet. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
spire rather short, sharp at the apex ; whorls destitute
of varices, very closely encircled throughout with
engraved strias; columella thickly plicately ridged,
lip dentately ridged ; fulvous wliite, painted with
rows of numerous small square red-brown spots.
Hab. Cliina.
.\. shell of rather light growth, globose in form, painted
with neatly defined distant spots.
Species 22. (Fig. a and b. Mus. Hanley. Fig. c.
Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis inflata. Cass, testa subgloboso-ovatd, tenuiculd,
ventricosissimd, spird acuta; atifractibus rotundatis,
injlatis, laviffatis, transversim obsolete suleatis, apicem
versus reticulata striatis ; columelld leviter plicatd et
couspicue granosd, labro refiexo, lulus acute breniUrato ;
carulescente-albidd, fasciis guinque maculartim nifo-
fuscescentium cingulatd, nmculis subquadratis, irregu-
lariter interruptis.
The ixflated Helmet. Shell somewhat globosely ovate,
rather thin, extremely ventricose, spii-e sharp ; whorls
rounded, inflated, smooth, transversely obsoletely
gi'ooved, reticulately striated towards the apex ; colu-
mella smoothly plicated and conspicuously granose,
lip reflected, sharply shortly ridged within; bluish
white, encircled by five bands of somewhat square
and irregularly interrupted reddish-brown spots.
Variety /3 (Fig. a and b. Mus. Hanley.)
Testa multo minor, anfractibus superne crebri nodosis, noii-
nidlis imivaricosis.
Shell much smaller, with the whorls closely noduled round
the upper part, some of them distinguished by a varix.
Bucciuwn iiiflatum, Shaw, Nat. Misc. v. 23. pi. 9.59.
BucciiiiDu tessellalmii, Chemnitz.
Cassidea granulosa, Bruguiere.
Cassis granulosa, Lamarck.
Hab. Barbados.
The first authentic illustration of this species occurs in
Shaw's Naturalist's Miscellany, 1789, with the name Biic-
cimmi inflatum. Ten years subsequently an equally cha-
racteristic figure of it was published by Chemnitz in his
last volume of the Conchylien Cabinet under the title Buc-
cinuni cassideum tesselMum. These, however, were over-
looked by Bruguiere and Lamarck, who introduced the
species with the name granulosa, and referred for iUustratiou
to Martini's figm-es, Conch. Cab. v. 2. f. 344—5 and 350-
52, which also comprehend the C. ubbremata and saburon.
Kiener, following in the steps of his predecessors in
adopting the name granulosa, added much to the con-
fusion by representing the C. recurvirostrum to be the young
of it, and that both were merely varieties of the C. sulcosa
of the Mediterranean, arising out of differences of age or
sex. It does not appear that this crotchet of M. Kiener's
was noticed in the new edition of Lamarck, and M.Deshayes
errs in stating that the figm'es above alluded to in Martini,
" can only be referred to this species." The shell Fig.
344-5 is without doubt a C. IMata, though presenting the
unusual feature of a strong lateral varix, but fig. 350, is
a variety of C. saburon, distinguished by the dark spots
behind the reflected lip, and the shell, Fig. 351 — 3 is a
pale variety of Lamarck's C. abbreviata.
The coronated variety of C. inflatum is very uniform
and I am not aware that it exceeds the size of the specimen
here figm'ed.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis Japonic a. Cass, testa ovatd, tenuiculd, ventricosa,
inflata, spird breviusculd, acuta; anfractibus isuperni
rotundatis, transversim. acute suleatis, sulcls supremis
cateris latioribus, atriis subiilibus elevatiusculis longi-
tudinaliim obliquis decussatis ; columelld plicato-ru-
gatd, rugis partim obsoletis, interruptis et obscure gra-
nulatis ; labro dentato-lirato ; albidd, maculis oblongo-
quadratis inaqualikis castaneo-rujis quinquefasciatii.
The Japan Helmet. Shell ovate, rather thin, ventri-
cose, inflated, spire rather short, sharp ; whorls
rounded at the upper part, transversely sharply
grooved, uppermost grooves broader than the rest,
decussated with very fine slightly elevated longitu-
dinal oblique striie ; columella plicately wrinklctl,
WTinkles partially obsolete, interrupted and obscurely
granulated ; Up dentately tootiied ; whitish, eucircKd
September, 1S48.
CASSIS— Plate IX.
Willi the hands of unoqual oblong-square chesnut-red
spots.
Hah. China and Japan (on the sands) ; Siebold.
A beautiful species strongly characterized by its close
groonng and deeply excavated trench behind the varices ;
it is moreover distinguished by its light purple tinge of
colouring and by the oblique disposition of the spots.
Species 24. (Mus. Ci
C.'vssis AUEOLA. Cass, testa ovata, spira acuminata, apice
acuta; aiifractihus wiivaricosis, supeme concavimculk,
infra giibosis, lavibus, nitidis, apicem versus decussatisj
columella, plicatd el interrwptl rtigatd, lahro acute den-
tato-lirato, medio tiimidinsculo ; caruleo-alhicanie, ma-
culis grandihtts r/uadrntis fulvescente-fuscis quinque-
fasciatd.
The DKAUr,HT-BOAKD Helmet. Shell ovate, spire acu-
minated, sharp at the apex ; whorls ont-varicosc,
rather concave round the upper \^s.x\, gibbous
beneath, smooth, shining, decussated towards the
apex ; columella painted and interruptedly wrinkled.
Up sharply dentately ridged, rather swollen in the
middle ; bluish white, encircled by five bands of
large square fulvous-brown spots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. pi. :!7.
Buccinum areola, Linnaeus.
Cassidea areola, Bruguiere.
Bezoardica areola, Schumacher.
Hob. Island of Negros, Philippines (on mud bauiis) ;
Cuming.
The tessellated painting of this weU-known species is so
peculiar, that little need be added to the characters above
detailed. In form it is mainly distinguished liy its
elevated gibbous sTowth.
CASSIS.
Plate X.
Species 25. (Fig. a. Mus. Cuming.
Fig. h. Mus. Saul.)
Cassis tuegida. Cass, testa ovatd, tenuieuld, ventricosd,
spird suhacmnittatd, anfradUnis evaricosis, leevibus,
turgidis, superne roliindatis ; columelld valde contortd,
ba-si mi'tpllcutd, lahro muluiiie dentato-spinoso ; laded,
palUde castaneo hiKjitiidinaliter flammatd, lahro intense
castaneo maadato.
The swollen Helmet. Shell ovate, rather thin, vcntri-
cose, spire somewhat acuminated, whorls destitute of
varices, smooth, swollen, rounded at the upper part ;
columella much twisted, one-plaited at the base, lip
deutately spinous throughout ; cream-coloured, longi-
tudinally flamed with pale chesnut, lip spotted with
very dark chesnut.
Hab. Boljoon, Island of Zebu, Philippiues (on sand
banks) ; Cuming.
A fine species belonging to the same gi'oup as C. aclta-
tina, vibex, and torquata ; the whorls are distinguished for
theii- swollen rotundity, and the columella is remarkably
twisted. The lip is dentately spinous throughout,
not seen any nodided variety of this species.
I have
Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis undata. Cass, testa ovatd, giljbosiusculd, spird
aciimmatd, apice aciitd; avfractibus miivancosls,
Uevibus, basi conspicm sidcatis, superne depressiuscidls
et striatis, apicem versus yramdoso-decussatis ; colu-
melld pllcatd et interrupte rugatd, medio tuberculatd,
labro furtissime dentato-Urato, liris elongatis ; caruleo-
albicante,fuhesce)de-fuseo longitmlinaUler striata.
The waved Helmet. Shell ovate, rather gibbous, spire
acuminated, sharp at the apex ; whorls one-varicose,
smooth, conspicuously grooved at the base, a little
depressed and striated round the upper part., gi'anu-
lously decussated towards the apex; columeDa pli-
cated and interniptedly wrinkled, tubercidated in the
middle, lip very strongly dentately ridged, ridges
elongated ; bluish-white, longitudinally streaked with
fulvous brown.
Deshayes, Animi. sans vert. vol. x. p. 2S, note.
Cassis IfEvis midata. Martini.
Buccinimi striyatum, Gmelin.
Cassidea areola, vai-., Bniguicre.
Cassis zebra, Lamarck.
Hab. Phihppine Islands ; Cuming.
Although the patterns of this species and the C. areola
are united in the C. dectmata, they are not varieties of the
same as assiuned by Bruguiere and Kiener. The C. areola
is a narrower and more gibbous shell than the C. mulata,
which is eminently distinguished from the former by the
strong linear grooves around the base. The dentate ridges
on the outer lip are longer and more strongly developed.
Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis plicata. Cass, testa snbelongato-ovatd,peculiariter
compressd, spird subacuminatd, apice acutd ; anfracti-
bus univaricosis, tranwersim subtilissimi lineari-sul-
catis, superne concavo-declivibm, margine 7wdtdoso-
crenatis, infra stihtilUer bi-seriatim gemnmtis, ad
unguium compicvc miirirnto-nodosis, nodis in plicis
prominidis Miliari-inilis ih ^rniilrnliliitu ; columelld late
expansd, pi}'ii:(d(t-rn(j(ilix^ nii/i.s Orevibiis, lairo aeide
dentato-liratis, basi obsolete trispiiwso ; livido-albi-
cante, fulvescente longitudinaliter nndidate strigatd,
varicibus fusco-maculafus, colmnelld labroque albis,
apertur/e fance fulvo-castaned.
The plicated HelKet. Shell somewhat elongately
ovate, pecidiarly compressed, spire somewhat acu-
minated, shai-p at the apes ; whorls one-varicose,
transversely finely linearly grooved, eoncavely slanting
at the upper part, nodidously crenated at the margin,
encii'cled by two finely beaded ridges beneath, con-
spicuously prickly noduled at the angle, nodides
descending in prominent slightly curved plaits :
columella widely expanded, pHcately wrinkled,
wrinkles short, lip sharply dentately ridged, obso
letely three-spinose at the base ; livid-white, longitu
dinaUy undulately streaked with pale fulvous-colour,
varices spotted with brown, lip and columella whitish,
interior of the aperture fulvous chesnut.
Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. x. p. 2G, note.
BHcciiiKiii pUcatum, Linnaeus.
Biicciiiuiii fimbria, Gmelin.
Cassis plicaria, Lamarck.
ILdi. iloluccas.
Vie are indebted to M. Deshaves for having identified
Lamarck's Ca
,plic,
the Bnccinuni plica turn of
September, ISIS.
CASSIS.— Plate X.
Linnaeus ; care must, however, be taken not to confound
it with the Cmm plicata of Martini, which is the C. cru-
mena of Lamarcic, and without doubt a variety of C. testi-
culm. The plicated sculptwe of this species is constant,
so also is its singularly compressed growth, and dark
brown blotches Ijehind the varices.
Species 28. (Fig. a. Mus. Saul.
Fig. b. Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis achatina. Cms. testa ovatd, vmtr'wosd, spird
brni, anfractibm evaricom, lavibm, columella mx
rugatd, basi trwieatd, lahro tenue rejiexo, basin verms
leoiter denticulato ; cinered ant carulescente, ru/o
purpureove lonffitudinaliier Jiammatd et arcuatim. arti-
culatdi columella laded aid rufescente, labru fusco-
iiigricante viaculatu.
The agate Helmet. Shell ovate, ventricose, spire
short, whorls destitute of varices, smooth, columella
scarcely wrinkled, truncated at the base, lip thinly
reflected, slightly denticulated towards the base ;
ash or bluish colour, longitudinally flamed and
arcuately articulated with red or purple-brown ;
colimiella cream-colour or reddish, lip spotted with
browiush-black.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 33.
Hab. Algoa Bay ; Hennah.
A well-known species, not of very common occurrence,
mainly distinguished by its richly variegated style of
painting. Lamarck cites New Holland as its place of
habitation, but Mr. Cuming's specimens were collected in
Algoa Bay, Cape of Good Hope, by the Eev. Mr. Hennah.
/;/..•,.■/.>• /'/ U.
9 — f " ■•"'^:
^
\
V, :s
CASSIS
Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis pyeum. Cass, testa ovato-globosd, plermique cras-
sksimd, anfractihus comexis, lesvigatk, superrw plus
nihmsve angulatis, ititerdimi subnodosis ; columelld
crassd, leevigatd, liaM obscure sulcata, labro reflexo,
incrassato ; aurantio-lacled, nigrkaide-fusco pone va-
rices macuhdd.
TtiE PEAR Helmet. Shell ovately globose, generally very
tliiek, whorls convex, smooth, more or less angulated
romid the upper part, sometimes slightly nodose ;
columella thickened, smooth, obscurely grooved at
the base, lip reflected, thickened; orange cream-coloui-,
spotted with blackish-brown behind the varices.
Lamabck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol.x. p. 33.
Eadem. Cassis Zeylauica, Lamarck.
Hab. New Holland.
I cannot observe any character of sufficient permanence
to distmguish Lamarck's Zeylanica from C. pyrrnn. The
species is sometmies comparatively thin and lightly uo-
duled, but more frequently very much thickened, with the
enamel sometimes deposited in rude callous layers.
Species 30. (Mus. Cummg.)
Cassis sulcosa. Cass, testa ovatd, spird subproductd,
acidd, anfractibus evaricom, supenie concavo-depressis,
sulcis regularibits equidistantibus undique eingulatis ;
columelld pUcato-rugaid et granosd, labro sapissime
valde incrassato, i/dics acute fortiter lirato ; griseo-
fdvd, ferrugineo-fusco maculatd etjlammatd.
The grooved Helmet. Shell ovate, spire somewhat
produced, sharp, whorls destitute of varices, con-
cavely depressed roimd the upper part, encircled
throughout with regidar, equidistant grooves ; colu-
mella pUcately ivi-inklcd and gi'anose, lip frequently
very much thickened, sharply and strongly ridged
within ; greyish fulvous colour, blotched and flamed
with rusty brown.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 34.
Buccinum sidcosum, Born.
Cassidea sulcosa, Bruguiere.
Buccinum undulatum, GmeUn.
Hah. ilediten-anean.
The common species of the Mediterranean, perfectly
distinct fi'om tlie C. iiijkda and others with which M.
Kiener seems to confound it. Owing to its ventricose
growth and the regidarity with which it is spii'ally grooved
throughout, it has somewhat the aspect of a Dolimii.
September, 1848.
rk^si^s Ti.Jil
i n '%^
•^.
a.B.s.aii otijfh
S.B &B.,imp
CASSIS.
Species 31. (JIus. Cuming.)
C.\ssis CORONULATA. Cass. testa saboblongo-ovatd, spint
subacmiiinatd, apice acuta; anfractibus lavigatk, niti-
dis, apicem versus deaissatis, superne depresso-concavis,
ad angulum tenue muricato-nodosis, anfractu ultimo
mdvaricoso ; cohunelld expanm, undulatim plicato-
rugatd, lahn exh-run ani/c ,/n/fa/u-finjfo. ha.si obso-
lete tri-spniosu ; irnhi-nlh'innil., /,niiis t ru iixnrsis
quilique hiliiixnili:i jialliilr f,isccsn;i/i/,i's,Jii.sci/s Jiii/li-
dioribiis loiigiliidimdibus uudatis dvcussatis, nitide
pictd, fasciis saluratioribus pone varices, labro citrino-
fulvescente tessellato.
The coronated Helmet. Sbell somewliat oblong-ovatc,
spu-e somewhat acuminated, sharp at the apex ;
whorls ^UKirilli, .-liiiiiiig, decussated towards the
apes, dcprr^,|\ ion, mm round the upper part, finely
pricklv ninhili.! ,it iIh- iingle,last whorl one-varicose;
columella expanded, undulately plicately wrinkled,
outer lip sharply dentately ridged, obsoletely tri-
spinose at the base ; livid white, neatly painted with
five rather broad transverse pale fidvous bands, de-
cussated with paler longitudinal waved bands, bands
darker behind the varices, lip tesseUatcd with citron
fulvous brown.
SowERBY, Tankervdle Catalogue, App. p. xx.
Hidj. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
This is certaiidy not the young of Cassis ylauca, as
stated by M. Kiener ; whether it should be regarded as a
variety of that species may remain a matter of opinion,
but I believe it to be distinct. Though not of very common
oceui'rence it is not rare, and there appears to be no nearer
approximation between the species than is represented by
the accompanying figures. The C. coronulata is of a more
oblong-oval form and perfectly smooth, without the least
intbcation of those ciu-ious flattened indentations which
characterize the C. glauca ; the tessellated painting is
peculiar and constant, and the spinous processes at the
base of the lip are but three in number and very obscui-e.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassis exarata. Cms. testa ovatd, spird sidincunniiatd,
apici' aciilii : tiiifrarldms iiiiirdrii-osis. tr/'i-ibiis, triiiis-
Vi'l-siui n;i„liu;ti-r aniti si,lr„tis, .s„/,rnn- drrl,n/,iix,
spindilff custiilis^ cost is rri'lu-rrinii ntnliisu-geiiU/ialis ;
columelld lati: cuiicacu-e.ipioisd, profuse el subtditer
plicato-nigaid, lahro externa fort iter dentiito-lirato ;
ebiirried, maciilis ipmdratis dintniitibiis jj(dli<le filrcs-
reiilibits tessellaid.
TuE PLoi'GiiED Helmet. Shell ovate, spire somewhat
acuminated, sharp at the apex, whorls one-varicose,
smooth, transversely regidarly sharply grooved, slant-
ing at the upper part, spii-ally ribbed, ribs very
closely beaded; columeUa broadly concavely ex-
panded, profusely and very finely plicately wrinkled,
outer li[) strongly dentately ridged ; ivory white,
tessellated with distant pale fulvous square spots.
Uab. ?
A new and very distinct species allied in form to tlie
C. glauca and coronulata. Its chief pecuUarities consist
in the surface being encircled with narrow equi-distant
grooves, and in the S[nre being strongly beaded. The
columella is very widely expanded, and profusely sculp-
tured with fine divaricating wrinkles.
Species 33. (Mus. Hudson.)
Cassis glauca. Cass, testa ovatd, tnnjiild, spird sub-
acuniiuutd, apiiv aeulil ; iiifraflibus lirripniix, undique
JX'CuVnirdrr ui,lr„l,tlis, hn^i sKJlrifrhdilrr sii Iritis, SU-
perne amjidulLs, ad aiiijulimi aruti: hiurinitu-uodulosii,
apicem versus decussatis, anfractu ultimo u/iivaricoso ;
cuhiiiielld expansd, exiliter pUcato-ritgatd, labro externa
ili'iilato-lirato, basi quadrispinoso ; Uvido-glaucd, in-
di.stiiirlifisrintd, labris vividefulvesceute-citrinis, aper-
tnrrr faure purpureo-castaned.
The glaucous Helmet. Shell ovate, swollen, spii-e
somewhat acuminated, sharp at the apex, whorls
smooth, everj-where peculiarly indented, superficially
grooved at the base, angulated round the upper
part, sharply prickly noduled at the angle, decussated
towards the apex, last whorl one-varicose ; columella
expanded, faintly plicately wrinkled, outer lip den-
tately ridged, four-spined at the base ; livid glaucous
lulvous citron
■hrsnut.
) vul.x. p.24.
colour, indistinctly bai.dcd. lip-, h
colom', interior of the api iiin, |iu
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. ( 1 >rv|ia_\ is'
Buccinuin ijluucum, Linnanis.
Cassidea ijlnura, Bruguiere.
Be:oardica rnlgaris, Schumacher.
Ilab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.
A species of common occurrence, exhibiting little var
tion of colour or scidpture.
September, 1848.
CASSIS.
abbi-eviata, Lamarck VIII.
achatina, Lamarck X.
areola, (Bucc.) Liim IX.
bisulcata, Se/tulicrt §• TFayner . III.
canaliculata, {Cassidea) Bnig. . . III.
coarctata. Gray VI.
conmta, {Bucc.) Linn I.
coronulata, Sowerbi/ XII.
crumeiia, Lamarck IV.
decussata, {Bucc.) Linn II.
eriiuiceus, Lamarck VII.
exarata, E^eve ^11.
fa-sciata, Lamarck IV.
fimbriata, Qiwy ^- Gaimard . . VII.
flammea, {Bucc.) Liuu V.
glauca, {Bucc.) Linn XII.
granulosa, Lamarck IX.
inflata, {Bucc.) Shaw IX.
Japonica, Reeve IX.
lahiaia, Chemnitz I.
lactea, Kiener VIII.
Madagascariensis, Luhutrck ... II,
Maamue, Kiener , . VI.
paucirugis, Menke VIII.
pennata, Lamarck VIII.
pila, B£eve IX.
pUcaria, Lamarck X.
plicata, {Bucc.) Linn X.
pUcata, Martini H'.
pommn, Schubert & Wagner ... V.
pyrum, Lamarck XI.
recurvirostrum, {Bucc.) AVood . VII.
i-ufa, {Bucc.) Linn VIII.
Saburon, Adaumit V.
semigranosa, Lamarck I.
spinosa, {Bucc.) Gronov IV.
siilcosa, {Bucc.) Born XL
tenuis, Gray VI.
testiculus, {Bucc.) Linn IV.
torquata. Reeve I.
tuberosa, {Camidea) Bmg III.
tm-gida, Reeve X.
undata, Beshayes X.
vibex, {Bucc.) Linn VII.
zebra, Lamarck ... X.
Zeylanica, Lamarck XL
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
TURRITELLA
lie compelleJ
The Proteus shape of Nature, as it slept,
To wake, aud lead him to the caves that held
The treasm-es of the secrets of its ieiga.—S/ie//et/.
//////////^//y./.
;aa^'
3
Kx-rvi- B>..,har;i & Rccv,-
TURRITELLA.
Plate I.
Genus TUEEITELLA. LuMorck.
Testa elongato-turrita, lanceolato-acuminata, nunquam uni-
bilicata, anfractibus mimerosis, smpissinie transversim
coslatis vel siriatis, nunquam longitudiaaliter exscnlptis,
evaricosis, nunquam spinosis aut muricatis ; apertnrd
parviuscidd, plus mlnusve rotimdatd, marginibus dis-
jundis, labro sape medio sinuato.
Shell eloiigately turreted, laiiceolately acuminated, never
umbilicated, whorls numerous, mostly transversely
ribbed or striated, never longitudinally sculptured,
destitute of varices, never spined or prickly ; apertui-e
rather small, more or less rounded, margins disjoined,
lip often sinuated in the middle.
The genus Turritella afibrds excellent characters for the
distinction of species. Constructed upon the simple type
of an enlarging tube, the shell is developed with geometri-
cal symmetry in short convolutions, varying froin fifteen to
thu'ty in number, the same number in each species,
forming a sharply acuminated screw. The whorls are
sometimes flattened or a little concave, and being always
contiguous there is no indication of any umbilicus. No
varices or tubercles are formed, as in Cerithium, nor is
there any periodical developement of sculpture on the
margin of the aperture. The ribs and striae of Turritella
range transversely, that is, spirally, never longitudinally,
and are rarely granulated or noduled. The best characters
for the discrimination of species reside in the first eight or
ten whorls from the apex ; beyond this point the sculpture
varies slightly or becomes obsolete, as the shell approaches
maturity. In colour the reverse of this condition is pre-
sented, the pattern becoming gradually darker and more
defined towards the aperture,
The genus Turritella has been somewhat neglected by
conehologists. Only eleven species were described by
Lamarck, and a monograph lately published in Paris by
M. Kiener includes less than half the number now before
me from the cabinets of Mr. Cuming, Mr. Metcalfe,
Jlr. Hanley, Sir. Edward Belcher, the British Museum, and
the Banksian Collection in the museum of the Linnsean
Society; amounting to sixty-five all distinctly charac-
terized in respect of form, sculpture, and painting.
The LinuEean species have not been correctly inter-
preted by Lamarck, Deshayes, or Kiener, for want of access
to the original types of the ' Systema Nature ' preserved
in the museum of the Linnsan Society of London. The
Turbo acutangulus of Linn.-Bus proves to be a simple
variety of the T. duplicat/is, and not the shell assigned to
it by M. Deshayes. The shell descrilied as Turbo variega-
tm in the 'Systema Nature,' though diflcring materially in
May,
general aspect from that which served for the description
of the Turbo iuibricaltis, may, nevertheless, be traced to
belong to the same species; and the Turbo ungulinus of
Linnajus proves to be identical with Lamarck's Turritella
fuscata. The British species Turbo terebra, Linn, in
'Fauna Suecica' (not of Syst. Nat.) and Montagu, nui^^t
be referred to the T. cornea of Lamarck,
The Turritella brevialis of Lamarck {LeMesal of Adaiison J
constitutes the type of a new genus, founded by Mr. Gray,
under the name Mesalia, to which I venture to add the
Turritella lactea of Moller, and a very characteristic species
from the Cumingian collection. A genus has been also intro-
duced by Mr. Gray, with equal judgment, under the name
Eglisia, founded on the Turritella spirata of the Tanker-
ville Catalogue ; and to this is added a species collected
by Ml-. Cuming at one of the Philippine Islands.
The Turritella have a wide range of habitation and dwell
at a considerable depth as well as near the surface. The
T. cornea has been recently dredged ofiT the Shetland Islands
by Mr. M'Andrew at a depth of many fathoms, beyond the
influence of light and colourless. Only two comparatively
small species besides this, extend so far from north of the
equator as the Mediterranean. The greater number are
from the Eastern Seas and the shores of Central America,
and there are a few known from New Zealand, Australia,
and Van Pieman's Land.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella ingulina. Turr. testd acmniiiato-turritti,
anfractibus quindecim, convexis, lavibus, regidariler
decem-striati-s, interslitiis superficialiter sulcatis, aper-
turd suboblongo-ovali ; castaneo-rufd, aperturam versus
ustulato-iiigrd.
The nail-bkuised Turritella. Shell acuminately
turreted, whorls fifteen in number, convex, smooth,
regularly ten striated, interstices superficially grooved,
apertm-e rather oblong-oval; chestnut -red, burnt
black towards the aperture.
Turbo ungulinus, LinuKus, Syst. Nat. (12th. edit.) p. liUK
Turritella fuscata, Lamarck.
Hab. Senegal, Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa.
The original specimen which served Linnseus for the
type of his Turbo ungulinus, still preserved in the
museum of the Linnaeau Society of Loudon, proves, as
5Ir. Hanley first pointed out to me, to be Lamarck's T.
fuscata. The locality " Seas of Europe " erroneously given
in the ' Systema Naturae ' led Dr. Pulteney, and recently
M. Deshayes, to assign the Linnaean species to the only
Turritella existing north of the Mediterranean ; uii the
1849.
TURRITELLA.— Plate I.
authoiity of M. Kiener, however, who has the same access
to the types of the Lamaickian species as we have to those
of Linnffius, the Em-opeaii representative of the genus is
the T. cornea, Lamarck. M. Deshayes' T. unguUua (Anim.
saus veil. vol. ix. p. 260) must therefore be cancelled.
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.)
TURIUTF.LLA DUPLICATA. TuiT. teuld ohem-turhinaia,
crmm, ponderosa, mifraclihiis ml xn/iri,ii, iirnu'm per-
paueis nmUi-carinatis, ciiriml innrn, ilrimlc ihiahus
multo emhwHtioribus, cariiiixpiirri.s citu ci-iniiilis, majori-
bus gradatim minus elatu, aperiurd valde simald ;
fulvescente-lacted, avfractimm parte supremd satu-
ratiore.
The duplicate Turritella. Shell stoutly turbi-
nated, thick, ponderous, whorls about si.Kteen in
number, the first few many-keeled, one keel and
afterwards two to three very conspicuously elevated^
small keels quickly disappearing, larger keels gra-
dually less raised, aperture considerably siuuated ;
fulvous cream-colour, uppermost part of the whorls
of rather darker colour.
Lamarck, kmm. saus vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 251 .
Turbo dupUcatm, LiuniBus.
Eadem var. Turbo acutangulus, Linnseus.
An eadem var. ? Turbo repUcatus, Linnseus.
Hab. Eastern Seas.
The Turbo acutmigulus of Liimajus is truly a variety of
his Turbo dupUcatus, as may be seen on reference to the
original specimen in the Linnfean collection ; but not so
the species to which M. Deshayes has assigned that title,
figured by M. Kiener at PI. 2. Pig. 26, and in the accom-
panying plate at Fig. 4.
The first few whorls of Turr'UeUa dupUcata are encircled
by numerous keels, one of which is particularly sharp and
prominent. The smaller keels quickly disappear, and a
second of equal prominence with the principal keel makes
its appearance in most specimens at about the tenth whorl.
Linnieus's Turbo acutangulus is a specimen in which the
second prominent keel is not developed. The first sharp-
angled keel is equally prominent in all varieties of the
species during the first eight or ten whorls.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
TurRITELLA TEREBUA. Tun-. Icslil hiiirmliilii-turritd,
acutissime altenuald, aiifniclihus ml iiin,i,jiif ,1 dg'mii,
medio tumidiuscuUs, spiruJitir aci'l!' .icr-runiiiilis, su-
iuris lavibiis, cccavalis ; caslanm-brunncd aut fiil-
vcsci'iite.
Tni; avgur Turritklla. Shell lauccolatcly turretcd.
very sharply attenuated, whorls about twenty-five in
number, rather swollen in the middle, spirally sharply
six-keeled, sutures smooth, excavated ; chestnut-
brown or fulvous.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 253.
Turbo terebra, Linnfens, Syst. Nat. (not of I'auua .
Suecica.)
Tnrritella Archimedis, Dillwyn, Mawe.
Ilab. Piulippine Islands ; Cuming.
The magnificent specimen here represented, is very
similar to that selected by Martyii for the frontispiece
of his ' Universal Conchologist. ' Struck by the perfect
symmetry of its convolutions, he distinguished it by the
title of 'A<j)poS'iTri, significant of its graceful form and
marine origin, and truly the geometrical proportions of
this species are the perfection of beauty. The specimen
figured was dredged by Mr. Cuming in fine sand at low
water at the Island of Negros, one of the Philippines.
The T. terebra of the ' Fauna Suecica ' and of British
authors (f. ii«M«' and ungulinus, Deshayes, T.commmm,
Philippi) is the T. cornea of Lamarck.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella attenuata. Turr. testa aadisshrieattenuatd,
anfractibus ad viginti, spiraliter striatis, ulterioribus
medio acutl et tenue unicarinatis striis evanidis, suturis
subexcavatis ; fuscescente-albd, lividd, anfractuum parte
superiori saturatiore, aperturd sinuatd.
The attenuated Turritella. Shell very sharply at-
tenuated, whorls about twenty in number, spirally
striated, latter whorls sharply and finely one-keeled
in the middls, strise disappearing, sutures rather
excavated ; light fulvous white, livid, upper part of
the whorls darker, aperture sinuated.
Turritella acutangula, Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix.
p. 259 (not Turbo acutangulus, Linn.).
Hab. ?
The " carina majore acuta" by which Linnaeus charac-
terizes his Turbo cfcutangulus, constitutes a very prominent
feature in that and the T. duplicatus, and proves them,
beyond doubt, to be one and the same species. In the
species under consideration there is no indication of this
character, the whorls being merely encircled from the apex
with ten elevated stria; or fine ridges which become more
numerous, fainter, and almost obsolete. The species is
further distinguished by its more attenuated growth, and
a central fine keel or cord wliicli is not developed until
after the tenth or twclflh wliorl, and the keel-like stria;
become obsolete.
/A'///////// // //.
I
TURRITELLA.
Plate II.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuRRiTELLA LEUCOSTOMA. Turr. testd subpyratnidali-
acuminatd, angustd, acutissime lanceolatd, solidiusculd,
anfractibus ad viginti, mpenii contractk, suturis ex-
cavatis, infernl extrormm projedk, plamdatis, spi-
raliter sex-liratis, liris angnstis, suSdistantibus, ititer-
siitiis subtilissinie striatis ; fulvescente-albd, liris ni-
tide aurantio-rufo articulatis.
The white-mouth Tdrritella. Shell somewhat pyra-
midally acuminated, narrow, very sharply lanceolate,
rather solid, whorls about twenty in number, con-
tracted round the upper part, sutures excavated,
projected outwardly round the lower part, flattened,
spirally six-ridged, ridges narrow, rather distant,
interstices veiy finely striated ; fulvous white, ridges
neatly articulated ndth orange-bro\vn.
Valenciennes, Zool.Voy. Humboldt et Bonpland, vol.ii.
p. 275.
Hab. Gidf of Nicoiyo (in sandy mud at the depth of eleven
fathoms) ; Cumiug.
Distinguished by the truly regular style in which the
shell is tm-reted. The whorls contracted round the upper
part and projecting outwards gi-aduaUy towai-ds the base,
look like an attenuated pyramid of thimbles ; and they
are spirally encircled thi'oughout by a row of neatly arti-
culated ridges.
Species 6. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella Broderipiana. Turr. tedd elotigato-furritd,
subcgliiidraceo-tiimidd, anfractibus octodecim, vudique
creberrime imprcxxo-strin/is, perpaneis primis unicari-
natis, mediiiiiis jiliiiiiiliili.% cateris medio depresso-con-
cavis, sulunx iiiU-nliiui iiiJistinctis ; fulvesceide, cartt-
leo-fuscescente nebiilatd, lineis riibido-fuscis transfoersis
brevibus iiiterruptis, in strigis undulatis frequenter dis-
posilis, dense lentiginosd.
Broderip's Turritella. Shell elongately turreted,
somewhat cylindrically swollen, whorls eighteen in
number, very closely impressly striated throughoui,
the first few whoris one-keeled, the next flattened,
then depressly concave in the middle, sutures some-
times indistinct ; light fulvous colour, clouded with
blue-brown and thickly freckled with short inter-
rupted red-browii transverse lines, mostly disposed
in waved streaks.
D'Orbigny, Voy. dans I'Amc'r. Mend. Moll. p. 388.
Turritella martnorata, Kiener.
Hab. Payta, Peru (in fine sand at a depth of about eight
fathoms) ; Cuming.
The T. Broderipiana has a very characteristic style of
painting, consisting of a profusion of short ii-regidar linear
dashes, ranged transversely, but mostly disposed in con-
fused longitudinally waved streaks ; and over these, there
is generally a scorched blue-brown stain of colouring.
The shell is of an uncouth subcylindrical growth, spirally
encii-cled throughout with fine grooved striae.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella bacillum. Turr. tesid elongato-acuminatd,
anfractibus octodecim ad viginti, convexis, superne sub-
plamdatis, spiraliter quinque- vel sex-carinatis, carhds
atigustis, subirregtdariter distantibus, aperturam versus
fere evauidis ; Vwido-fulvescente, carinis saturatioribus.
The staff Turritella. Shell elongately acuminated,
whorls eighteen to twenty in number, convex, rather
flattened round the upper part, spkally five- to six-
keeled, keels narrow, somewhat iiTcgidarly distant,
almost disappearing towards the aperture ; livid ful-
vous colour, the keels being of darker hue.
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv., p. .5. pi. 4. f 1.
Hab. Ceylon.
The spiral keels of this species are not developed in the
sharp prominent style of the T. terebra. Towai'ds the
aperture they nearly disappear, leaving their colour on
the surface as tliough they had sunk, so to speak, into
the substance of the shell.
May, 1849.
T////7/,//rrP/ /[/
m
• B S dfil et."UtK
TURRITELLA.
Plate III.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuRRiTELLA TiGRiNA. Tun. testd pyramidaU-turntd,
subangustd, solidiuscidd, anfractibus octodecim ad vi-
i/ittti, spiraUter guinqice- vel sex-liratis, costd tumidd
declivi ad basin aiigulatis ; albidd, flammk obliquk
purpiireo-nigris profuse pidd.
The tiger-striped Turritella. Shell pyramidally
turreted, somewhat narrow, rather solid, whorls
eighteen to twenty in number, spirally five- or six-
ridged, angled at the base with a slanting swollen
rib ; whitish, profusely painted with oblique purple-
black flames.
KiENER, Icon. coq. viv., p. 29. pi. -i. f. 2.
Hab. GuK of California.
The peculiarities of this species, which approaches the
T. Imtiginosa and goniostoma, consist in its more solid
stnicture and narrow pyramidal gi-owth, whilst the whorls
are swollen to an obtuse angle round the base. The
colouring is disposed in more definite stripes, especially
towards the apex. In the species just mentioned the
first few whorls are conspicuously keeled round the middle,
but in the T. tigrina there is Uttle variation from the
general pattern.
Species y. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuRRiTELi.A lentiginosa. Turr. testd subobeso-turritd,
anfractibus ad vigiiiti, primis perpaucis carinatis, me-
diants planidatis, cceteris medio convexis, basi tunii-
dis, omnibus creberrime spiraUter siriatis et sidcatis,
apertiiram versus laminis irregularibiis imbricath ;
albidd, Uneis subtUibns fuscis, brevibits, interruptis,
spiraUter lentiginosa, maculis strigi-sve nigricantihns
subindistinctis oblique nehulatd, apice interdum vio-
laceo.
The freckled Turritella. Shell rather stoutly tur-
reted. whorls about twenty in number, the first few
carinated, the middle whorls rather flattened, the
rest convex in the middle and swollen round the
base, the whole very finely spirally grooved and
striated, and imbricated with irregular lamiua3 to-
wai-ds the aperture; whitish, spirally freckled with
short interrupted fine brown lines, and obliquely
clouded with rather indistinct blackish streaks and
blot<-lie3, apex sometimes tinged with violet.
Hab. Payta, Peru (in coarse sand at a depth of about five
fathoms) ; Cuming.
A shell of rather stout growth, generally more or less
imbricated with rude irregular laminae near the outer lip.
The first seven or eight whorls are distinctly keeled round
the middle, the next seven or eight are flattened in a
manner almost to obliterate the suture, and the remainder
are sunk in the middle and swollen above and below,
showing the sutures more distinctly.
The painting of this species consists of a profusion of
extremely fine, short, brown, transverse lines or dashes,
over which is an obscure confused marbling of oblique
blackish blotches ; in some specimens this is wanting
and its place is supplied by a dull greyish tinting. The
apex is frequently of a delicate violet colour. Care
should be taken not to confound the T. lentiginosa with
the following species which is characterized by a different
style of painting and a slight diS'erence of form.
Species 10. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella goniostoma. Turr. testd subcylindraceo-
acmninatd, anfractibus octodecim ad viginti, spiraUter
tennistriatis, primis perpaucis carinatis, niedianis
planulatis, cceteris medio concavis, costd interdum
prominuld et crenatd, supra et infra angulatis, an-
fractu ultimo sape prope aperturam laminis subimiri-
catis ; alba, griseo- vel rufescente-nigro dense mar-
moratd.
The angulak-mouth Turritella. Shell somewhat cy-
lindrically acuminated, whorls eighteen to twenty in
number, spirally finely striated, the first very few
whorls keeled, the middle whorls smooth, the rest
concave in the middle, angled above and below with
a rib, which is sometimes prominent and crenated,
last whorl often slightly imbricated near the aperture
with lamina! ; white, thickly marbled with grey or
reddish-black.
Valenciennes, Zool.Voy. Humboldt et Boupland, vol. ii.
p.275.
Had. Payta, Peru; Salango, West Coluuihia; Guaeomayo,
Central America (in sandy mud at depths of from
five to ten fathoms); Cuming.
The \ariation of sculpture in the several stages of tin-
growth of this species is very similar to that of the pre-
Mav, 1841:
TUERITELLA.— Plate III.
ceding, save that the latter whorls arc more sharply
angled above and below. The ribs which impart this
angular structure to the whorls just before the growth of
the shell is matured, are much more strongly developed
in some specimens than in others ; they are nevertheless
shaqjly defined, and never have the obtuse swoUen ap-
pearance presented in the T. lentiijhwsn . The sutural
grooving of the middle whorls is nearly obliterated, as in
that species, by their flattened and close contact. In
colouring, the T. goniostoma is characterized by a very
dense marbled or mottled pattern of grey-black, some-
times a little rusty ; and exhibits no indication of the short
transverse linear dashes which serve to distinguish the
T. letiliginosa.
7}/r/7Yr//^/ ri IT.
4
K
■#
G-.T3.S, Met'lith.
"R.B.&R.iirrg.
TURRITELLA
Species 11. (Fig. a, !\lus. Belclicr. Fig. i, Mus. Cuming.)
TuRiiiTELL.^ NODULOSA. Twr. testd acumiiiato-turritd,
aiifruiiibm fiuatiiordecm ad quindecim, transvemm
forliter inipresso-striatis, obscure uni- bi-angulatis, ad
(2i/f/itl(js iiodidosis, medio eoncavis ; sordide griseo-albd,
fnmwid'is fitscis infer nodulos longitudinal iter tinctd.
The nodulous Turmtella. Shell acuminately turreted,
whorls fourteen to fifteen in number, transversely
strongly impressly striated, obscurely one- two-angled,
nodulous at the angles, concave in the middle ; dull
greyish-white, longitudinally stainetl with brown
flames between the nodules.
King, Zool. Joura. vol. v. p. 347.
Tiirritelhr papulosa, Kieuer.
Ilab. Gulf of Dulce, Central iVmerica (i'ound iu sandy mud
at the depth of six to ten fathoms) ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its nodulous structure, which is a
character of rare occurrence in this genus.
Species 12. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
TuKKlTELLA CARINIFERA. TmT. testd pyramidali-turritd ,
basi liimiild ei aente ainjulnlii. anfraclilus quatuor-
deciiii ml ijitiiidrciiii, supenii' JcclitHhns, in/erne acute
bicariiiatis, ii/iJiijiie spinililrr iuipresso-striatis, striis
subtiUssiiiit: undulaio-cui-niijali'
purp It rascen te-rosed.
ed aul pallidi
The KEELED TuREiTELLA. Shell pyramidally turreted,
swollen and sharply angled at the base, whorls
fourteen to fifteen in number, slanting round the upper
part, sharply two-keeled round the lower, spii-ally im-
pressly striated, strife very finely undulately wrinkled ;
snowy white or pale purple-pink.
Lamahck, Anim. sans vert. (I)eshaycs' edit.) vol. ix. p. 258.
Hab. ?
This remarkable shell has beeu thought to Ijelong to a
Fennetiis, but its growth is perfectly regular.
Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)
TUURITELLA CuMINGII. Tnrr. testd snb-tanccolato-pyranii-
dali. mmiuscidd, anfractibus ad vigiuti, plano-de-
clirlbm, in/erne tumidis et obtuse angidatis, spiraliter
q/iinqiieliratis, liris angustis, aciitiiisciilis, regularibns ;
fiiscescente-albd, strigis Macidi-^qitr imrpureo-fiiscis un-
diqiie oblique yiebulatd.
Mav,
Cuming's Turritella. Shell rather lanceolately pyra-
midal, rather thick, whorls about twenty in number,
flatly slanting, swollen and obtusely angled round the
lower part, spirally five-ridged, ridges naiTOw, rather
shai-p, regular; brownish white, obliquely clouded
thi'oughout with purple-brown streaks and blotches.
Hab. Panama (in mud at depths from eleven to sixteen
fathoms) ; Cuming. Conchagua ; Belcher.
Several specimens of this fine species, which I have the
pleasure to dedicate to Mi-. Cuming, were dredgetl by him
at Panama. It was also collected by Sir E. Belcher at
Conchagua dming the voyage of the Sulphur. Each
whorl is swollen outwardly at the base so as to form an
obtuse angle, and the five ridges which encircle them are
continued without change throughout the spire.
Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuERlTELLA coLUMNARls. Ttirr. testd acutissimelanceo-
lato-turritd, ad basin acute angidatd, anfractibus ad tri-
ginta, primis bicarinatis, carinis approximatis, cateris
plamdatis, decemliratis, liris obsolete grantdatis, suturis
excavatis; griseo-albidd, strigis purpureo-spadiceis ob-
lique undatis nebulatd, basi purpurasceide tinctd.
The COLUMNAR TuRRiTELLA. Shell very sharply lan-
ceolately tun-eted, sharply angled at the base, whorls
about thirty in number, the fii'st two-keeled, keels
approximated, the rest rather flattened, ten-ridged,
ridges obsoletely granulated, sutures excavated;
greyish-white, clouded with purple-fawu obliquely
waved streaks, base tinged with pm'ple.
KlENER, Icon. coq. viv. p. 10. pi. 7. f 1-
Hab. Ceylon.
This species has the largest number of whorls, and is the
most elongated form of the geuus.
Species 15. (Mas. Cuming.)
Turritella Banksii. Turr. testa pgramidali-turritd,
crassd, ad baain tumiduld et obtuse angulatd, anfractibus
quindecim, undique minutissime granuloso-reticulatis,
eoncavis, lira niediniid aliisijin- niiiioi-ilms irn-gidard/us
cingulatis, margiin- hijirinn i-nliiiiilntix, suhn-is i,idis-
tinctis, columella p,_ridliirdrr ,;i,ilnrtu-iin,ilii<-l(l, aper-
turd subquadratd; cinereo-olicaced, nigra altjiiquc cii-
riegatd, liris niyro articulatls.
1849.
TUREITELLA.— Plate IV.
Banks' Turkitella. Shell pyramidally tui-reted, thick,
rather swollen and obtusely angled at the base, whorls
fifteen in number, very minutely granulously reticu-
lated throughout, concave, encircled with a middli'
ridge and other irregular smaller ones, rounded at the
lower edge, sutui-es indistinct, columella peculiarly
produced in a twisted manner, aperture somewhat
square; ash-olive, mottled with black and white,
ridges articulated with black.
Gray, MSS. Brit. Mus.
Ilab. Panama (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of
ten fathoms) ; Cuming.
A solid pyramidal sheB in which the whorls are convex
in the middle, rounded at the lower edge, and encircled
with neatly articulated ridges, one of which is central and
prominent.
lurn/elU, It.V.
TURRITELLA
Specicis 16. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
TURRITELLA BREVIALIS.
For description of this Lamarckian species see Genus
Mesalia, Gray, immediately following the present.
For Sp. K;, see PL X.
Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.)
TURRITELLA TRisuLCATA. Turr. testa, aamhiato-turritd,
anfractibus ad octodeeim, tramversim conspicue iri-
costatis, costis dMantibits, sulcis intermediis excavatia ;
alb'idd, apicem versus viulascetde, flamnudis perpaiicis
irregularibus aumniio-f/iscis oblique pictd.
The three-grooved Tdrritella. SheU acuminately
turreted, whorls about eighteen in number, trans-
versely conspicuously three-ribbed, ribs distant, inter-
mediate grooves hollowed ; whitish, tinged with violet
towards the apex, obliquely painted with a very few
irregular orange-brown flames.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 2,50.
Hah. Eed Sea ; Kiener.
The only species which is prominently three-rilibed. The
painting is well characterized by Lamarck in the words, "ses
flammules sont eparses."
Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.)
TURRITELLA ANNULATA. Turr. testd lanceolato-turritd,
anfractibus viglnti, spiraliter striaiis, sicperne declivi-
bus, deinde concavis et bicarinatis, carinis apertiiram
versus distaidioribus, evaiiesceuiioribus, et iiderdiii/i
dupUcalis ; fulvo-spadiced, loiujitudimliter obscure
albinebulatd.
The RINGED TURRITELLA. Shell lauccolately turreted,
whorls twenty in nimiber, spirally striated, slanting
round the upper part, then concave and two-keeled,
keels becoming gradually more distant, towards the
apertiu-e, fainter, and sometimes duplicate ; fulvous-
bay, longitudinally obscm-ely clouded with white.
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv.p. 20. pi. 13. f 1.
Hub. Mouth of the Gambia, West Africa.
In the first ten whorls of this species, according to the
specimen before me, the whorls are prominently developed
and contiguous ; after this period of its growth they become
May,
gradually fainter and more distant, separating at length
into two faint rida-es.
Species 10. {.Mus. Cuming.)
TURRITELLA VARIEG.VTA. Turr. 1,'^ld puniuilJull-turritd,
anfractibus quindecim. ad ■■~r,/,ri„,. j,rr/,iiiin.^ jirimis
superue decUvibus, inferm: i-.i-ciinilns^ cflcrix plnno-con-
cavis, supra suturas tumidiusculis, slriis coifertis li-
risque quaiuor vet quinque subtilibus, distanMbus, inter-
dum obsolete granulosis, citujulalis ; albiddvel jmrpuras-
ceide-spadiced, rufo-fusco punctata et longdudlnaliter
variegata, liris hderduvi fusco alboque articulatis,
aperturcefauce purpurascetde.
The VARIEGATED TuRRiTELLA. Shell pyramidally tur-
reted, whorls fifteen to sixteen in number, the first few
slanting round the upper part, excavated beneath, the
rest flatly concave, rather swollen above the sutures,
encircled with four or five distant sometimes obso-
letely granulated ridges ; whitish or purple-tinged
fawn, dotted and longitudinally variegated with red-
brown, ridges sometimes articulated with brown and
white, interior of the aperture purplish.
Turbo variegatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. (12th. edit. )p. 124(1.
Turritella imbricata, Lamarck.
Var. elongata. Turbo imbricatus, Linnajus.
Ilab. Island of Margarita, West Indies ; Dr. liornbcck.
The original type of the Turbo variegatus in the Linnsan
collection is a shell of immature growth, but extremely
well characterized and higldy coloured. The shell which
served for Linna;us's Turbo imbricatus is, on the contrary,
in the worst possible condition, perfectly bleached, and
only retaining a sufficient amount of sculptiu-e to identify
it with the elongated variety represented by Kiener at
PL IX. fig. 2 a. A comparison of these shells with speci-
mens in Mr. Cuming's collection and in the British
Museum (for one of which illustrative of the elongated
variety, see PL IX. fig. 19 i) has enabled me to determine
their affinity with satisfaction ; and the name variegatus
should be used in preference to that adopted by Lamarck,
from the fact of its being a more ajiijrojjriatc one, and that
which was assigned by Liunxus to the species in its normal
form and cundilidii.
Si.rrics 20. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella uicinoulata. Turr. testa acuminato-turritd,
anfractibus octodeeim, subliliter stria tis, superne de-
1S4.9.
TURRITELLA.— Plate V.
presHo-excavatis, deinde bicostatis, coslis protnineniibus,
iumidis, planiusculis, distantibus, interditio excavato,
suturis mibprofiDide excavaiis ,- fulvo-albidd, rufo-fusco
profuse Jlammatd et variegatd, area inter codas parum.
pictd, bad et aperturce fauce purpureo-roseis.
The two-gibbled Turkitella. Shell acumiuately tur-
reted, whorls eighteen in number, finely striated, de-
pressly excavated round the upper part, then two-
ribbed, ribs prominent, swollen, rather flattened,
distant, with the interstice excavated, sutures rather
deeply excavated; fulvous white, profusely flamed
and vaiiegated with red-brown, area between the ribs
but little painted, base and interior of the aperture
purple-rose.
Lamarck, Auim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. ix. p. 256.
Turritella bimgulata, De Blainville.
Hab. Porto Praya, Cape de Verd Islands.
This fine species from the Cape de Verd Islands is dis-
tinguished by a pair of conspicuous swoDen keels and a
bold profuse style of painting ; the base and aperture are
of a peculiar purplish-hue.
At PI. VII. Sp. 33, is another species very similar to
this, collected by Ca})t. Sir E. Belcher diu'ing the Voyage
of the Sulphur.
Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.)
TcRRiTELLA TORULOSA. TuTT. tedd acunwuito-turnid,
crasdusadd, anfractibiis quindedm, rotutidatis, striatis,
pr'mim bicostatis, cateris gradatim quadricostatis, costis
obsolete granatis, duaitis inferioribus fortioribus ; ful-
vesceide-albd, rufo-fusco punctata et exinm jiammidatd.
The corded Turritella. Shell acumiuately tun-eted,
rather thick, whorls fifteen in number, rounded,
striated, first whorls two ribbed, the rest gradually
fom--ribbed, ribs obsoletely gi-ained, the two lower
ribs always the stronger ; light fulvous wliite, dotted
and delicately flamed with red-brown.
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 18. pi. 6. f. 3.
Hab. ? .
The whorls are more than usuidly roimded in tliis
species, and they are corded with fom- rather prominent
ribs, the upper two of which are not developed until the
shell has advanced to its ninth or tenth convolution. The
painting has a peculiarly dotted cliaracter.
rr//-rUi//a /7.I7.
G-.B.S.iel etljth..
H.B.&R imp.
TURRITELLA.
Species 22. (Mus. Wiilton.)
TuKRiTELLA EXOLETA. Turr. testii iifii„iiii(itn-tiirritd, criis-
siuscidci, ad basin obtuse aiiyiihilii. niij'nn-riljiia sednvni
ad septevidecini, superne ei inj'eniii nidi vudalis, medio
concavis, bueqnaliter excavatis, septis teimibus lamelU-
foriiiihus iuterdmn lougiluditialiter imbricafis, cosid
iiiferiori diipUci, aperlurrB margine medio sinuato ;
son/ide cereo-albd, rufo-atirantio obscure fiatmnatd,
costiii iiincidatis.
The decayed Turritella. Sliell aoumiuately tui'reted
rather thick, obtusely angled at the base, whorls
sixteen to seventeen in number, rudely ribbed above
and below, concave in the middle, unevenly exca-
vated, sometimes longitudinally imbricated with thin
lamelliform septa, lower rib duplex, margin of the
aperture sinuated in the middle ; duU waxen white,
obscurely flamed with orange-brown, ribs spotted
with the same.
Turbo ei-oh'tus, Linna;us, Gmebn's edit. ]). 3007.
Turbo torculnris, Born.
Hab. Martinique, Guinea ; Kiener.
The chief pecidiarity of this remarkal)le species consists
in the whorls being rudely excavated, and imbricated
across tlie hollow at frequent intervals with thin lamelli-
form septa. Specimens, however, are more commonly
seen without the septa; not merely worn, but in which
they apparently never existed.
The shell in the Linneean collection, numbered to refer
to the ' Systema,' is a worn T. bicinyulata, and to that
species the present has been assigned by Dilhvyn. I
believe, however, that Linnaius's description refers to the
shell under consideration, and the figure of Bonaui, to
which he refers, goes far to support that opinion.
Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.)
Tdrritella cingulata. Turr. tedd ptjramidali-turritd,
criissd, subpotiderosd, atifractibus ad septemdecim, pla-
tinlatis, spiru/i/er foriiter tricostatis, costis planatis,
gniKuso-crciwHs ; fernigiiieo-idbidd, codin custaneo-
mgris.
The girdled Turritella. Shell pyramidally turreted,
thick, rather ponderous, whorls about seventeen in
number, rather flattened, spirally strongly thrcc-
ribbed, ribs flattened and granosely crenatcil ; rusty
white, ribs chestnut-black.
Sowerhv, Taakcrvillc Catalogue, App. p. xiii.
Tiirrildlii Irii-iiriiirda, King.
IM. Valparaiso (in coarse gravel at the depth of six
fathoms) ; Cuming.
Mr. Cuming speaks of this very characteristic species as
being very abundant at Valparaiso, having fretpiently
brought up two bushels of living specimens at a time,
mingled with coarse gravel.
Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella flammulata. Turr. tedd acuminato-tur-
ritd, ai/fractibus octodecim, perpaucis primis bicostaiis,
cceteris rot/mdatis, w-p/pm-rodatis, codis mediaim lati-
tisculis, ceeieris idri,i^/"<- ,/rin/,i/!,d angudioribus ; ful-
vescente-albd, rosm Imrld, piiriiureo-fnsco punctata et
marmoratd, bad. rosed.
The flamed Turritella. Shell acuminately turreted,
whorls eighteen in number, the few first two-ribbed,
the rest rounded, seven-ribbed, middle ribs rather
broad, the remainder on either side gradually narrower;
fulvous-white, stained with rose, dotted and marbled
with pm-ple-brown, base rose.
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv. p. 7. pi- 5. f. 1.
Le Ligar, Adanson.
Turritella Ligar, Deshayes.
Hab. Muscat, Ked Sea.
The shell here represented from the above-mentioned
locality is, no doubt, Le Ligar of Adanson, a name which
cannot correctly be adopted in the Latin. It will be
observed that both the sculpture and colouring of the
species are peculiar.
Species 25. (Mus. Belcher.)
Turritella cerea. Turr. testa elongato-turritd, crassi-
usculd, nnfractibus octodecim ad viginti, superne subde-
clivibus, iti/er/ie tumidiuscidis, spiraliter sexearinatis,
carinis augustis, acutis, aperturam versus evanidis ;
fulvescente-albd, avfructuum parte snperiori fulvo-ru-
fescente tinctd.
The waxen Turritella. Shell elongately turreted,
rather thick, whorls eighteen to twenty in number,
somewhat inclined round the upper part, rather
swollen round the lower, spu-ally six-keeled, keels
narrow, sharj), fading towards the aperture; fulvous
white, upper portion of the whorls tinged with
fulvous-red.
May, IS-i'J.
TUERITELLA.— Plate VI.
The characters by which this species diiFers from
T. baciUum are apparently of trivial importance, but they
are constant in several specimens that have come under
mv observation. The whorls are more swollen round the
lower part, and the keels are finer, more numerous, and
not distinguished by any dai-ker colouring.
Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuRRiTELL.i CROCEA. TuTT. testd pyramtdali-turrM,
mUdiuiculd, anfraetibm viginti aut pluribm, convexu-
planulatis,spiraUter guingtte- ad decem-carinatis, carinis
mbtilibus, inaquidistantibiis ; croceo-brummi, aufrac-
tuuni parte snperiori saturatiore, snturis pallidioribm.
The saffkon-tinged Tuueitella. Shell pyramidally
turreted, rather solid, whorls twenty or more in
number, convexly flattened, spirally five to ten-
keeled, keels fine, inequidistant ; saffron-brown, upper
part of the whorls darker, sutures paler.
K.IENER, Icon. coq. viv. p. 2i. pi. 11. f. 2.
Hab. China.
The flattened surface of the whorls and light colouring
of the sutures constitute the characteristic featui-es of this
species. The spiral keels are unusually numerous, but
the alternate ones are sometimes oidy faintly developed,
leaving five only of a prominent character.
Species 27. (Mus. Belcher.)
Tueritella sanguine a. Turr. testd ■fubelongato-turriU't,
anfractibim octodedm ad viginti, coHvexis, spiraliter
impresso-stilcatis, sulcis irregularihus, liris itUermediis
plmiiuscuUs ; fiiho-albicaiite, liris macidis saiiguineis
fransversis, oblongo-quadratia, profuse pictis.
The blood-stained Turritella. Shell somewhat
elongately turreted, whorls eighteen to twenty in
number, convex, spiraUy impressly grooved, gi'ooves
irregular, intermediate ridges rather flattened ; fulvous
wliite, ridges profusely painted with transverse ob-
long-square blood-stained spots.
Hab. California.
A very characteristic species in which the entire surface
is closely painted with transverse oblong-square dull blood-
stained spots.
Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella gemmata. Tun: testd pyramidali-tiirritd,
crassiusculd,ad basin angulatd, anfractibus ad quindecim,
supertie bicostatis, medio concavis, infertii unicostaiis,
costis superioribus granatis, inferiori l^evi ; albd, ri'fes-
cente-fusco hie illic pallide tinctd.
The gemmed Tdreitella. Shell pyi-amidally luireted,
rather thick, angled at the base, whorls about fifteen
in number, encircled with two granulated ribs round
the upper part, and one smooth one round the loner,
concave in the middle; white, faintl\- stained here
and there with light orange brown.
IJab. ?
The structure of this species approaches somewhat in
pattern to that of the T. radida, though it wiU be found
to dift'er on comparison in the lower spiral rib being smooth
except on the last whorl. The species differ materially in
form, the T. gemmata being shorter and composed of much
fewer whorls.
A
T///77////a T/ 17/
TURRITELLA
Species 39. (TMus. Cuming.)
TuRRiTELi,.\ COCHLEA. Turr. iesia sululato-tnrritd, cras-
umcitld, cmfractihus quindecim,, spiraliter striaths,
mperne depresso-excavatis, medio bicarirmtis, caritm an-
gusiis, elevalis, aculis, distmdihus, mterstitio excavato,
aperiurd parvd ; albidd.
The screw Turkitella. Shell subulately turreted,
rather thick, whorls fifteen in number, spirally
striated, depressly excavated round the upper part,
two-keeled in the middle, keels narrow, elevated,
sharp, distant, with the interstices between them ex-
cavated, aperture small ; white.
Ilab. ?
The form of this species is remarkably characterized by
its very prominent bicarinate structure, resembling the
thread of a large flattened press-screw. The specimen
here represented from Mr. Cuming's collection is the only
one I have seen ; and he possesses no information as to its
locality. It exhibits no indication of colour.
Species 30. (Mus. Cumiug.)
TuRRiTELLA RADULA. Turr. testd lanceolato-acuminatd,
gracili, anfractibiis ad diwbus et viginli, supra, infrdque
biUraUs, medio concavLs, liris, nisi hifimd, granoso-cre-
nalis, aiifractu ultimo lamellis septiformibus itilerdum
itiibricato, gramiUs subobsoletis ; violascente-albidd,
riifo-fuscescenteflammald et variegatd.
The grater Tureitella. Shell lanceolately acuminated,
slender, whorls about two and twenty in number,
double-ridged above and below, concave in the
middle, ridges, excepting the lowest, granosely cre-
nated, last whorl sometimes imbricated with septiform
lamellae, granules rather obsolete; violet-white, flamed
and variegated with reddish-brown.
Kienek, Icon. coq. viv. p. 13. pi. 3. f. 1.
Hab. Isle of Muerte, Bay of Guayaquil (found at the depth
of eleven fathoms in sandy mud) ; Cimiing.
The form of the whorls of this elongated lanceolate
species is very similar to that of T. exoleta ; the middle is
however less concave and the upper and lower ribs are re-
presented each by two smaller ridges which are granosely
crenulated.
Species 31. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Turritella hastula. Turr. testd acute lanceolatd,
gracili, aiifractibus ditobus vel tribus et vigiitti, coii-
vexiuscidis, concentrice plicato-corrugatis, ulterioribus
planatis, basi tumidimculis, riigis evanidis, anfractibun
omnibus spiraliter inciso-striatis, liris intermediis ob-
solete granulatis ; cinereo-albicante, purpureo-bnmneu
arcuntim strigntd et variegatd.
The little lance Turritella. Shell sharply lan-
ceolate, slender, whorls two or three and twenty in
number, rather convex, concentrically plicately
wrinkled, the latter flattened, rather swollen at the
base, the wrinkles faded away, all the whorls spirally
impressly striated, the intermediate ridges being
obsoletely granulated; ash-white, arcuately streaked
and variegated with purple-brown.
Hab. ?
A very slender sharply lanceolate shell, fully distinguished
by the peculiarities of sculpture above described from any
other species of tliis monograph.
Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella ferruginea. Turr. teMd snbelongaio-tur-
ritd, ad basin angulatd et subearinatd, aiifractibus w-
decim, convexis, spiraliter subtiliter liratis, priiuis biai-
rinatis, carinis gradatim evanidis, lirariim interstiliix
striis miuutis longituditialibus sub lente creberrime de-
cussatis; albidd, basin versus ferrugiiieo-castaneo tiiictii.
The rusty Turritella. Shell somewhat elougately
turreted, angulated and slightly keeled at the base,
whorls sixteen in nimiber, convex, spii-aUy finely
ridged, the first whorls two-keeled, keels gradually
fading, interstices between the ridges very closely
decussated beneath the lens with minute longitudinal
striaj ; whitisli, stained towards the base with rusty
chestnut.
IM. P
The whorls of this species have a peculiar angular
cariuatc structm-e at the base, in the place of the sutiire.
Species 33. (Mus. Belcher.)
Turritella maculata. Turr. testd acuminato-turritd, basi
coHcavd et nitide striata, anfractibus ododecim .yjiru-
18iy.
TUKEITELLA.— Plate YII.
liter acute etevato-s/riatk, mipenii; cxcarulis, ih-'inih hi-
cosiaiis, costis (umidiiiscidis, interstitio concavo, au-
fradibm primis parum cosiaiis ; albidd, uulfnlvescmlf,
slriis spiralibus purpureo-fusco linclis, atifractibus infra
suturas purpureo-fusco macidatis el ititcrJiiiii liiiwlis,
hasi violaced.
The spotted Tukritella. Shell acuminately turreted,
concave and neatly striated at the base, whorls
eighteen in number, spirally sharply elevately striated,
excavated round the upper part, then two-ribbed, ribs
rather swollen, with the interstice concave, the first
whorls but slightly ribbed ; whitish or fulvous, spiral
striae stained with purple-brown, whorls spotted
beneath the sutures and sometimes lineated with the
same colour, base violet.
Hab. China Seas ; Belcher.
Although this species approximates so closely to tlie
T. bicirujulata in general appearance, it will be found to
tliffer on examination. In the earlier whorls of T. biciiii/it-
laln the keels are very prominently developed even to the
apex ; in the species under consideration they are com-
paratively obsolete, the base of the shell is more concave,
and is marked by numerous coloured linear strife, which
are continued throughout the shell. There is none of the
bold blotchy painting which characterizes the T.bicingulala,
but the upper margin of the whorls is always distinguished
l)y a row of ii'regular red-brown spots immediately beneath
th(^ sutures.
Species 34. (Mus. Hanley.)
TuRiiiTELLA META. Turr. testd pyramidali-conicd, cras-
siusculd, anfractibus quiudecim, plano-declivibus, basi
tumidimculis, spiraliter crebristriaiis, anfractuum di-
midio superiori eximie sviirregulariter lirato, liris sub-
obsoleia granosis ; fulvescenle-albd, purpureo-rufo nia-
cuMdet variegatd, liris striisqm purpureo-rufo alboqiie
nitide articulatis.
The conical pillar Turritella. Shell pyramidally
conical, rather thick, whorls fifteen in number, flatly
slanting, rather swollen at the base, spirally closely
striated, upper half of the whorls delicately and some-
what irregularly ridged, ridges somewhat obsoletely
granosc ; fulvous-white, blotched and variegated with
purple-red, ridges and striaj neatly articulated with
pur])le-red and white.
IM>. ?
L'nac(|uainli-d uilh the T.tidiiihisa of iM. Kiener, I have
been somewhat inclined to assign tlie present species to it,
save that it is a stouter shell, the ridges appear on the
upper half of the whorls only, and he makes no mention
of their very delicat(-' articulated painting.
Species 35. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Turritella cornea. Turr. testa acuniinato-tumtd,inter-
duiii crassiuaculii, ad basin obtuse angulatd, anfractibus
<ji(iiideciiii, spinililrr Iriniriiifitis et striatis, anfractui
ultinii, el intiTilitui ifrii/iltjiiii, carhiis evanidioribus.
Urn parvd ill iiilfrsliliia ,■ fi'rnigineo-castaued, aperlura
fauce purpurea tiitcld.
The horny Turritella. Shell acuminately-turreted,
sometimes rather thick, obtusely angled at the base,
whorls fifteen in number, spirally three-keeled and
striated, keels of the last whorl, and sometimes of the
last but one, fainter, having a small ridge in the inter-
stices ; rusty-chestnut, interior of the aperture tinged
with purple.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.)vol. ix. p. 255.
Turbo terebra, Linnseus, (of Fauna Suecica, not of
Syst. Nat.)
Turritella ungu.Unn, Deshayes, (not Turbo unguUiiux,
Linn.)
Turritella Limiei, Deshayes.
Turritella communis, Eisso.
Hab. Seas of Europe.
Described by Linnaeus in his ' Fauna Suecica ' under the
name T. terebra, which has been adopted by Montagu and
other British authors, without considering that the name
had already been appropriated in the ' Systema Naturse ' to
a foreign species of much larger dimensions. Lamarck
described it under the name given above, but from a worn
and very obsem'C specimen, and with so brief a description,
and no information as to its locality, that until ]\L Kiener,
who held the keys of Lamarck's coUection, published the
T. cornea, it was impossible correctly to identify the
species. M. Deshayes not having obtained access either to
Linnaeus's collection for the type of Turbo urigulinus,
or to Lamiirck's for that of Turritella cornea, assigned
the species imder consideration, agreeably with the views
of Dr. Pulteney, to the former of these, wliich is Lamarck's
T. fuscata ; and did not observe it to be identical with the
T. terebra of the ' Fauna Suecica,' which he proposes to
call '/'. Linnei.
The figure to which Lamarck refers in the ' Encyclopcdie
Methoditjue ' in illustration of his T. cornea, is the Mediter-
ranean form of the species, which is more elongated and has
the sutures more excavated than that found on our own
coast. The accompanying figure represents a s])ecimen of
the British state of the species dredged at Torbay by
Mr. Metcalfe ; and Mr. Hanley possesses a transparent
white variety, with the keels more prominently developed,
dredged off the Shetland Isles at a considerable depth by
Mr. M'Andrcw. Professor E. Forbes informs me, however,
that this variety is not uncommon, and occurs in shallows
as well as deeps.
Inrr//^/^^ li.m.
^ \s
R.B ((■ R. ui^
TURRITELLA,
Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuKRiTELLA Hanleyana. Turr. testa acuminato-pyra-
niidali, ad basin angulata et plano-cowcavd, anfractibtis
quatuordecm, plano-dedmbus, spiraliter quadriUratis
et striatis, bad 7narginatu ; sordide laded, macuUs
nigricantibics itidistiiictis oblique tinctd.
Hanley's Turritella. Shell acuminately pyramidal,
augulated and flatly concave at the base, whorls
fourteen in number, flatly slanting, spirally four-
ridged and striated, margined round the base ; dull
cream-colour, obliquely stained with indistinct
blackish spots.
Hah ?
An extremely characteristic species both in respect of
form and sculpture. Mr. Metcalfe also possesses a specimen.
Species 37. (Mus. Metcalfe.)
Turritella clathrata. Ttirr. testa lanceolafu-acimti-
nafd, aiujmtd, solidiusculd, anfractibus ododecim, pla-
naiis, Itevibus, dimidio iiiferiori fortiter bicarinalis ;
fulvo-castaned, aurantio-fusco obscure maculatd, carinis
pallidioribiis.
The cross-barred Turritella. Shell lanceolately
acuminated, narrow, rather soUd, whorls eighteen in
number, flattened, smooth, strongly two-keeled upon
the lower half; fulvous chestnut, obsciu-ely spotted
with orange-brown, keels paler.
KiENER, Icon. coq. viv. p. 38. pi. 14. f. 1.
Eab. ?
Distini-uishcil l)y its very narrow acuminated growth,
and smooth bold pair of keels.
Species 38. (Mus. Banks. Soc. Linn.)
Turritella Candida. T//rr. testd acmninato-turritd, an-
fradibiis ododecim, xpinililrr slrinlix, xnjienie bicari-
nalis; medio coiicriri\, i/,-i,ii/r inmuriihitis, (iiifradn
ultimo et 'pewdti'
um.dr,
excavalis ,
iiived, immaculatd.
The white Turritella. Shell acuminately turre-
ted, whorls eighteen in number, spirally striated,
two-keeled round the upper part, concave in the
middle, then ench'cled with a single keel, last whorl,
and last but one, four-keeled, sutures excavated;
snou-y white, unspotted.
Uab. ?
A delicate semi-transparent white species of which I
have seen two very characteristic specimens ; one in Mr.
Cuming's collection and the other in the Banksian cabinet
of the Linnsan Society. Amongst the shells collected by
Sir Joseph Banks, preserved in this Museum, are many
interesting species.
Species 39. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming. Fig. b, Mus. Walton.)
Turritella punctata. Turr. testd subpyramidali-acu-
minatd, crassiusadd, basi fortiter costatd, anfractibus
quitidecim, spiraliter strialis, carinalis et concavis,
inferne tumidis, carinis granatis ; albidd, purpureo-
fusco profuse punctata, maculatd, et variegatd.
The dotted Turritella. Shell somewhat pyramidally
acuminated, rather thick, strongly ribbed at the base,
whorls fifteen in number, spirally striated, keeled and
concave, swollen round the lower part, keels grained ;
whitish, profusely dotted, blotched, and \ariegated
with purple-brown.
Kiener, Icon. coq. viv., p. 19. pi. xi. f. 3.
Hab. ?
The keels are somewhat irregular in this species, but it
is constantly distinguished by a slight sn-elling out of the
base of each whorl. The upper part of the whorl is
always more or less concave with a smaller keel or ridge
in the concavity.
Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella spectrum. Turr. testd douyalu-turritd,
teuuiculd, anfractibus ododecim, rotundatls, primis
sex-carinatis, deinde duodecim-carinatis, caiiuis e.ri-
libus, gradatim sublilioribus ; semipdlucido-albicanlc,
anfractuum parte superiori fucescente tindd.
The spectre Turritella. Shell clongately turreted.
rather thin, whorls eighteen in number, rounded, the
first six-keeled, then twelve-keeled, keels delicate,
gradually finer; semitrausparent white, upper part
rd « ith br
Hah.
Ma
TURRITELLA.— Plate VIII.
The gradual doubling of the number of keels in this
species is cm-ious. The first ten whorls are encii-cled by
six keels, an intermediate keel then gradually appears in
each of the interstices, increasing in size until they obtain
the same degree of development as the original keels.
Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.)
TURRITELLA ROSEA. Turr. testa, pyramidali-conica, bad
plano-a7igulatd, anfradibus quindecim, planatis, spira-
liter quinque-liratis, liris inceguidistantibus, striis ele-
vatimculis in interditiis; albidd, basin versus fem-
gijieo-fitscd, liris siriisque saturatioribns, apertune
fauce livido-purpurascenfe tinctd.
The rose Turritella. Shell pyramidally conical, flatly
angled at the base, whorls fifteen in number, flat-
tened, spirally six-ridged, ridges inequidistant, with
rather elevated stria; in the interstices ; whitish,
rusty brown towards the base, lines and striie darker
brown, interior of the aperture tinged with livid
purple.
QuoY and Gaimard, Zool. Voy. de I'Astrolabe, vol. iii.
p. 136. pi. 55. f. 24-26,
An eadem? Turritella Jineolata, Kiener.
Hah. New Zealand.
The truly conical form of this species is very charac-
teristic, and it is neatly encircled throughout with brown
lines, consisting of ridges and intermediate stria; at
unequal distances. I can discover little of the rose-
colouring observed by M. Quoy ; and I incline to suspect
the rarity of this has led M. Kiener to describe the yel-
lower and Lighter variety of the species under another
name, T. Uneolata.
Turrin//<i ti.n.
i3 *
o^z)/' ;v:;
'4
I'l
B. B S- HiLif
TURRIT ELLA
Species 42. (Mus. Brit.)
TuRRiTELLA Tasmanica. Tuit. testd angiisto-acnmi-
uatd, soltdiusculd, anfractilus guindeeim,j]laini<sai/is,
ml niarginem iiifer'wrkm Uratis, litis diiabus strusqiie
intermedUs supra cingulatk, iiiterstitiis siriis minutis
elevatis obliquis creherrime decussatis ; sordide alba.
The Tasmanian Tureitella. Shell narrowly acumi-
nated, rather solid, whorls fifteen in number, rather
flattened, ridged at the lower edge, encircled with
two ridges and intermediate strife above, interstices
very closely decussated with niinute oblique raised
strise ; dead white.
Hub. Van Dieman's Land ; Dr. Sinclau-.
The only specimen of this, in the British Museum, is in
bad condition and colourless, but aiTords strong characters
for the foundation of the species. It approximates nearest
to the T.clathratn in which the spiral ridges are more
strongly and conspicuously developed, and the interstices
smooth.
Species 43. (Fig. a an&b, Mus. Cuming.)
TURRITELLA TRIPLICATA. Tnrr. testa acimunaio-turrild,
crassiiisadd, tw/rar/i/ws qi<h,Jrn„i, sph-aVdn- sinatis.
,'t tricoslntis, costis pliiiiidatis, n,r,l„nnl lunlh, i„„j,nr,
Sliperiori purvu, duphculd, iijiiri-m rr/s/i.s nihrJitM
obsoletd; nunc albidd, castanco curhyald d Jlnmmatd,
nunc castaned, unicolore.
The three-plaited Turritella. Shell acuminately
turreted, rather thick, whorls fifteen in number,
spirally striated, and three-ribbed, ribs flattened, the
middle rib much the largest, the upper one small,
duplicate, ar.d sometimes obsolete towards the apex ;
whitish, variegated and flamed with chestnut, some-
times entirely chesttuit.
Studer, Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil.p. 190.
Hab. Mediterranean and West Coast of Africa.
The specimens here figured of this species are from flic
mouth of the Gambia ; in the Mediterranean it is of some-
what smaller dimensions and of lighter growth.
Species 44. (Mus. Brit.)
Turritella nivea. Turr. testd elongato-turritd, crassi-
usculd, anfractibus mginti, sxiperne contractis, deinde
tnmidiusculis, transversim septem-costatis, costis inier-
stitiisque striaiis, aqualibus, striis nwmtis hicrementi
creberrime decussatis, anfractibus perpaucis primis
bicarinatis, carinis cito evanidis ; nivea.
The snow-white Turritella. Shell elongately tur-
reted, rather thick, whorls twenty in number, con-
tracted round the upper part, then rather swollen,
transversely seven-ribbed, ribs and interstices striated,
equal, very closely decussated with minute lines of
increase, first few whorls two-keeled, keels quickly
disappearing ; snowy-white.
Gray, MSS. British Museum.
Hab. East Coast of Africa; Capt. Owen, R.N.
A genuine snow-white species, rather closely encircled
with neat ridges of equal width with the interstices.
Species 45. (Mus. Brit.)
Turritella Gun nil Turr. testd elongato-acuminatd, soli-
diusculd, anyustd, anfractibus octodecim, plano-con-
cuvifi, uKii-ijiii'dlUx iuiiiidiiiscuhx. medio obscure et sttb-
in-iyiilar'ili'r linitix i-l si rial is, s/i/iir/^ excavatis; albidd,
JlauiMis uudi'.lati^ piilliili- J'nh-i sri'iite-fuseis oMiquii pictd,
basi pallide rosed.
Gunn's Turritella. Shell elongately acuminated,
rather sohd, narrow, whorls eighteen in number,
flatly concave, margins rather swollen, obscurely and
somewhat irregidarly ridged and striated in the middle,
sutures excavated ; whitish, obliquely painted with
light fulvous-brown waved flames, base pinkish.
Hab. Van Dieman's Land ; Gunn.
An interesting new species collected by Mr. lionald
Gunn, an eminent naturalist of Hobart I'own. It is a
narrow, sharply acuminated shell, with the whorls flatly
concave, and margined at the edges so as to give an ex-
cavated appearance to the sutures.
Species 4G. (Mus. Belcher.)
Turritella auuila. Turr. testa pyramidali-turritd, an-
fractibus qualuordecim out quindecim, supernt: concavo-
dec/icibus, deinde sububscuri: late bicostatis, undique con-
Junc, 1849.
TURRITELLA.— Plate IX.
npime inciso-stiiatis, anfractu ultimo infra nitide lirato
et striato; uslulalo-fuscesceiUe, rufo-cadaneo oblique
macuhtd vel strigatd.
The swarthy Turritella. Shell ppamidally turreted,
whorls fourteen to fifteen in number, coneavely
slanting round the upper pai-t, then somewhat
obscurely broadly two-ribbed, conspicuously engi-aved
throughout with grooved striae, last whorl neatly
ridged and striated beneath ; swarthy brown,
obliquely spotted and streaked with reddish ciiestnut.
Adams and Eeeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Hab. Nangasaki Bay, Japan.
The painting of this species has rather a dotted appear-
ance from its being every where cut through by the striate
grooves.
IlUTlM/u.Pl.I.
a.B t. R.innj.
TURRITELLA
Species l(i. (Mus. Banks).
TuRRlTELLA coNSTRiCTA. Tufr. testd turrltd, mluris
profundis, anfractibua duodecim ad quaiuordecim, hi-
cariiiatis, cariiiis remote didantibus, inlerslitio concavo ;
sordiJe alba.
The tied Turritella. Shell turreted, sutures deep,
whorls twelve to fourtccu iu number, two-keeled,
keels widely distant, the interstice being concave ;
dead white.
JIab. ?
Three s])eciraens of this species, not hitherto described,
are preserved iu the Banksian collectiou of the LinuEeau
Society.
Species 47. (Mus. llauley.)
Turritella fascialis. Turr. testa lanceolato-acumiuatd,
gracillimd, anfractibus octodeclm, convexis, exiliter
quadr'dirath, suturis snbcontractis ; lutescente, aii-
fradimm. parte superiori rubido-famiatd.
The banded Turritella. Shell lanceolately acumi-
nated, very slender, whorls eighteen in number, con-
vex, faintly four-ridged, sutui-es a little contracted ;
yellowish, upper part of the whorls banded with dull
red.
Menke, ?
Hnb. liny of Montija, Central America (in coarse sand at
the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.
Distinguished by its slender erect form
beneath the sntures.
id ruddy band
Species 48. (Mns. Belcher.)
TuRKiTKLLA FASTifiiATA. Tiirr. testd ijraciUiiiio-subidaid,
ti'iiiiiriih!, aiifrdctibits octodecim ad rii/iiiti, siipcnir
iviitrai-tis, d,r/iribiis, deinde rotuudati'i, nudiquf mtb-
lil'miiM- lirtiik et fitfiatis, apicem versiix bicariuf/tis ,-
riotaceo alboque pallide variegatd, strigis fiMcemeidibit-i
obUquis, liris obscure fitsco pmictaiis vel articHlatk.
The minaret Turritella. Shell very slenderly sub-
ulate, rather thin, whorls eighteen to twenty in
number, contracted round the upper part, slanting,
then rounded, very tinely ridged and striated, tw.i-
keeled towards the apex ; variegated with i>alr vid.t
and white, and oblique brownish streaks, ridges
dotted or articulated with light l)rown.
Adams and IIeeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Ilab. China Seas ; Belcher.
The oblique clouded streaks of ]iainting are character-
istic in this species.
Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella erosa. Turr. testa turritd, anfractibus de-
cern ad duodecim, s?tbplam-conveTis, spiraliter quadri-
sulcatis, sidcis angustis, subprofundis ; fuscescerde,
infra snturas albicanfe.
The eroded Turritella. Shell turreted, whorls ten
to twelve in immbcr, rather flatly convex, spirally
foui--grooved, grooves narrow, rather deep ; light
brown, whitish beneath the sutures.
Coutuouy, Bost. Jomn. Nat. Hist., vol. ii. p. 103. pi. 3.
f. 1.
Hab. Massachusetts Bay, United States (found in sto-
machs of fishes) ; Gould, De Kay.
Generally more or less eroded, the apex being semi-
transparent and somewhat papillary.
Species 50. (Mus. Belcher.)
Turritella monilifera. Turr. testa acmninato-pyra-
midali, basi depresso-concavd, et acute angulatd, an-
i„(l,',
latiusculd infra suturas
iiieiliii cni/riiris, driiidi' bi-liralis ; rosaceo-albd, carina
piiiirli.s (li.slitidiljus obliquin rufescente-fuscii ornatd.
The necklace Turritella. Shell aeumiuately pyra-
midal, depressly concave and sharply angled at the
base, whorls fifteen in number, with a broad keel
beneath the sutures, concave in the middle, then
two-ridged ; pinkish white, keel ornamented witli
distant obliijue red-brown dots.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Ilab. China Seas ; Belcher. ^
The only painting in this species, beyond its dehcatc
violet-pink hue, consists in the necklace-like row of red-
brown dots upon the keel.
June, 1849.
TUKRITELLA.— Plate X.
necics 51. (Mus. Belcher.)
TuiiRiTELLA OPALINA. Turr. testa subveiitrkoso-turntd,
tenuiculu, atifraetibus duodecim, rotimdalli, superne
depresso-canaliculatis, sub lente mimdissimi creberrime
incm-striatU ; pellucido-albd, fuscescente p(dlide con-
cenirici flammatd.
The opal Tukkitella. Shell somewhat ventricosely
tuiTCted, rather thiu, whorls twelve iu number,
rounded, depressly chamielled round the upper part,
beneath the lens very closely minutely engi'aved with
striaa ; opal-white, faintly concentrically flamed with
light brown.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samaraiig.
Hab. China Seas ; Belcher.
An extremely interesting species, quite unlike any other.
Species 52. (Mus. Belcher.)
TuKlilTELLA declivis. Tuit. tesld pyramidali-turritd,
basi plano-migulatd, anfractibus ododecim, plano-de-
divibtis, basin versm gradatim latioriius, undiqtie cre-
berrime subtilissime uudulato-striatis, prope apicem
medio plicatis ; lutescente-albd, livido-fmco iiuctd et
apicem versus peculiariter mandatd.
The slanting Tueritella. Shell pyi-amidally turreted,
flatly angled at the base, whorls eighteen in number,
flatly slanting, gradually wider towards the ba.se,
very closely and finely undulately striated, plicated
in the middle towards the apex ; yellowish-white,
stained with hvid brown, and peculiarly spotted
towards the apex.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samaraug.
Halj. China Seas ; Belcher.
in this very interesting species, the livid brown appears
iu the first few whorls in a necklace of spots beneath the
sutures.
Fig. 53. (Mus. Belcher.)
For description of this species, see Genus Eglisia, Sp. 3.
Species 54. (Mus. Belcher.)
Turritella multilieata. Turr. testd acuminato-turritd,
anfractibus mperni contractis, infra leviter declivibus,
inferne canaliculatis, spiraliter multiliratis, liris sub-
iilissime granulatis ; pellucido-albd.
The many-kidged Tueritella. Shell acuminately tur-
reted, whorls contracted round the upper part, gently
slanting below, channelled round the lower part,
spii-ally many-ridged, ridges very finely granulated ;
transparent white.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samaraug.
llab. China Seas ; Belcher.
An extremely delicate transparent shell.
Species 55. (Mus. Belcher.)
Tueritella conspersa. Turr. testa turriid, anfractibus
duodecim, superue declivibus, deinde tumidis et con-
spicue bicarinatis et liraiis ; lutescente-albd, fuscescente
longitudiualiter undulatd et punctatd.
The sprinkled Turritella. Shell turreted, whorls
twelve in number, slanting round the upper part,
then swollen and conspicuously two-keeled and
ridged ; yellowish white, longitudinally waved and
dotted with light brown.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samaraug.
Hah. China Seas ; Belcher.
Delicately mottled throughout with irregular, light
brown waved streaks, forming dots here and there next
the sutures.
Turrit(//ii I'l.H.
i
S8.
w
OB S. del eLlibh
T U R R I T E L L A
Species 56. fMus. Belcher.)
TuRRlTELL.Y BICOLOE. Turr. testd acuminato-tnrrUd, aii-
fractibus decern ad duodecim, cotivexis, suUilisdme qua-
driUrat'm ei striatis, liris distantibus obscure (jranulath;
aureo-luted, suturis Urisque nigrescente-purpureis.
The two-coloured Turritell.4.. Shell acuminately
(nrreted, wliorls ton to twelve in number, convex,
very finely four-ridged and striated, ridges distant,
obscurely granulated ; rich yellow, sutures and ridges
blackish purple.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Hub. China Seas.
In addition to the above characters there are a few
puckered obliquely wrinkled striae next the sutures.
Species 57. (Mus. Belcher.)
TuRRlTELLA CANALICULATA. Turr, tcstd acuminato-tur-
riid, anfractihiis duodecim, spiraliter acute sex-Uratis
et striatis, iiiterstitiis striis obliquis cancellatis, liris
tenuibus, duabus inferioribtts prominulis ; sordide alba.
The channelled Torritella. Shell acuminately tur-
reted, whorls twelve in number, spii-ally sharply six-
ridged and striated, interstices cancellated with
oblique strias, ridges thin, the two lower ones rather
])romiuent ; dull white.
Adams and Eeete, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Hab. China Seas.
The two lower ridges, more prominent than the rest,
form a spiral channel immediately above the suture.
Species 58. (Mus. Belcher.)
TuRRiTELLA vittulata. Turr. testd acuminafo-furritd,
basi subconcavu, aiifractibus duodecim, ad sufuras con-
tractis, creberrime spiraliter striatic, striis elevatis, sub-
irregularibm, anfraciibus perpaucis primis bicarinatis ;
fiiscesceiite, striis iuterrupte castaneis.
The finely-filleted Turritella. Shell acuminately
turreted, sUghtly concave at the base, whorls twelve
in number, contracted at the sutures, very closely
spirally striated, striae raised, somewhat irregular,
first few whorls two-keeled ; light-brown, striiE
stained with chestnut here and there in an interrupted
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Hab. China Seas.
The stria.^ of this species are not articulated with
chestnut, but merely coloured in an u'regidarly interrupted
manner.
Sjiecies 59. (Mus. Belcher.)
Turritella uongelata. Turr. testd acute subulatd,
basi angidatd, anfraciibus sedeeim, convexo-plauis,
leevibtis, obscure triliratis, liris tenuibus, distantibus ;
pellucido-albd.
The congealed Turritella. Shell sharply subulate,
angled at the base, whorls sixteen in number, con-
vexly flattened, smooth, obscurely three-ridged,
ridges fine, distant ; transparent white.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Hab. China Seas.
Transparent at the base, but
opake towards the
[ipex
Species GO. (Mus. Brit.)
Turritella pagoda. Turr. testd subpyramidali-tun-ita,
anfraciibus quatuordecim, spiraliter acute liratis, baun
versus coiispicue acute unicostatis, anfraciibus perpaucis
primis bicostatis, casta superiori cito evanidd ; albidd,
fulci'scente obscm-e Jlammatd.
The pagoda Turritella. Shell somewhat pyramidally
turreted, whorls fom'teen to fifteen in number, spii-ally
sharply ridged, conspicuously encircled with a single
sharp rib towards the base, first few whorls two-ribbed,
the upper one quickly disappearing; whitish, ob-
scurely flamed with light fulvous colour.
Ilab. New Zealand ; Dr. Sinclair.
Distinctly characterized by its single spiral keel and
elegant form; yet intimately allied with the double-ke!>l
T. conspersa.
Species Gl. (Mus. Brit.)
Turritella IIookeri. Turr. testd acuminato-turritd,
tenuiculu, anfraciibus quindecim, medio concavo-tumidis,
carinis duabus acufis, remotis, tmdique conspicue cingu-
latis, anfractu ultimo et penultimo subtililer etecalo-
striatis ; pellucido-albd.
stg.
TURRITELLA.— Plate XI.
Hooker's Turritella. Shell aciiminately tureetecl,
rather thiu, whorls fifteen in number, concavely
swollen in the middle, and conspicuously encircled
throughout with two sharp remote keels, last and
penultimate whorls finely clevately striated ; trans-
pareut-wliite.
Hab. ?
An extremely interesting species, collected during the
Antarctic Expedition by Capt. Sir James Clark Ross, which
I have tJie pleasui-e to name in honour of Dr. Joseph
Hooker, the eminent naturalist of that productive voyage,
and author of the ' Flora Antarctica.'
Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.)
TuRHiTKLLA SINUATA. Titrr. testa pyramidali-acuminatd,
(iiifractihus qtmtuordecim, plamdath, spiraliter tenut:
liratk et striatic, aperturd parvhcsculd, labro ampliter
■nniiato ; ftdveseente, zonula albidd rufo-pimctatd infra
miturai.
The sinhated Tukritella. Shell pyramidally acu-
minated, whorls fourteen in number, flattened, spirally
finely ridged and stiiated, aperture rather small, lip
largely sinuated ; light fulvous colour, having a red-
dotted white zone beneath the sutm-es.
Ilab. ?
Readily distinguished by its dotted painting, and Ijy the
broad sinus of the outer lip.
Species G3. (JIus. Cuming.)
TcRRiTELLA iiUBESCENs. Tmr. testd acum'mato-turritd,
avfractikis trededm., spiraliter confertim liratis et
striatic, primis paucin medio caritiatis, carina cito eva-
nidd ; rubescente.
The light-red Turiuteli.a. Shell acuminately turretcd,
whorls thirteen in number, spirally closely ridged and
striated, the first few whorls keeled in the middle,
keel quickly vanishing ; light-red.
Ilab. Bay of Montija, West Columbia (in coarse sand at
the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.
All the whorls are somewhat prominent in the middle,
occupied by the keel in the first few whorls.
Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella cingulifera. Turr. testd gracili, turritd,
anfractibus ad duodecim, superne contractis, deinde ro-
tundatis, spiraliter elevato-striatis ; alba, infra suturas
fuscescente.
The encircled Turritella. Shell slenderly turreted,
whorls about twelve in number, contracted round the
upper part, then rounded, spii-ally elevately striated ;
white, light brown beneath the sutures.
SowERBY, TankeiTQle Cat. App. p. 14.
Turritella fragilis, Kiener.
Ildh. Port Essington ; Jukes.
The light brown colouring immediately beneath the
sutures is a prominent character of this species.
Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.)
Turritella incisa. Turr. testd subpyramidali-acnmimtd,
bnsi concavo-angidatd, anfractibus duodecim, plano-con-
vexis, spiraliter undiqiie creberrime inciso-striatis ;
cincreo-fuscd.
The engraved Turritella. Shell somewhat pyrami-
dally acuminated, concavely angled at the base, whorls
twelve in number, flatly convex, spirally very closely
marked with engraved strise ; ash-brown.
Ilub. Sidney (in deep water) ; Strange.
Closely but u-regularly engraved throughout.
T U R R I T E L L A .
rlate.
amiulata, Kiener V.
aquilus, Reeve IX.
Arcliimcdis, Mawe I.
attenuata, Eeeve I.
bacillmn, Kiener 11.
Banksii, Gray l\ .
biangulata, Be Blainv V.
bicingulata, Lam V.
bioolor, Adaim ^- Reeve XI.
brevialu, Lam V.
Broderipiana, B'Orb II.
canaliculata, Adams §• Reeve XL
Candida, Reeve VIII.
cariuilera, Lam IV.
ccrea, Reeve VI.
cingulata, Soicerbi/ VI.
cingidifera, SowerLi/ XL
clatbrata, Kiener VIII.
cochlea, Reeve VII.
columuaris, Kiener FV^.
communis, Risso VII.
congelata, Adams ,}■ Reeve XL
conspersa, Adams ^' Reeve X.
constricta, Reeve X.
cornea, Lamarck VII.
crocea, Kiener VI.
Cumingii, Reeve IV.
declivis, Adams ij- Reeve X.
daplicata (Turbo), Linn I.
erosa, Coutlmiij X.
exoleta {Turbo), Linn VI.
fascialis, Menke X.
fastigiata, Adams ^- Reeve X.
femiginea, Reeve VII.
flammidata, Kiener VI.
fragdis, Kiener XL
fuscata. Lam I.
gemmata, Reeve VI.
goniostoma, Valenc IIL
Gunuii, Reeve IX.
Ilanleyana, Reeve VIII.
hastula, Reeve VII.
Hookeri, Reeve XL
imbricata. Lam V.
imbricata {Turbo), Linn V.
incisa, Reeve XL
lentigiuosa. Reeve III.
leucostoma, Valenc II.
Ligar, Deshayes VI.
Uneolata, Kiener VIII.
Linnei, Deshayes VII.
macidata. Reeve ... VII.
marmorata, Kiener II.
meta, Reeve VII.
monUifera, Adams <J- Reeve .... X.
multdii-ata, Adams ^ Reeve .... X.
nivea, Graij IX
nodulosa, King IV.
opalina, Adams ^ Reeve X.
pagodus, Reeve XL
papulosa, Kiener LV.
punctata, Kiener VIII.
radula, Kiener VII.
rosea, Quoy VIII.
rubescens. Reeve XL
sangiunea, Reeve VI.
siuuata. Reeve XL
spectrum. Reeve VIII.
Tasmanica, Reeve IX.
terebra {Turbo), Linn I.
tigrina, Kiener III.
torulosa, Kiener V.
tricar inata. King VI.
triplicata, Studer IX.
trisulcata, Lam V.
ungulina, Deshayes VII.
uugulina {Turbo), Liim I.
varia, Kiener V.
variegata {Turbo), Linn V.
vittulata, Adams ^- Reeve XI.
MONOGRAPHS
OF THE GENERA
MESALIA AND EGLISIA.
There is a raptm-e on the looely shore,
There is society where none intrudes,
By the deep sea, and music in its roar. — Bi/ro
.\f(jalm I'l /.
Egk^i/i . PL I.
'^jftnn Benham k'^jim imp
MESALIA
Plate I.
Genus Mesalia, Gray.
Testa acnminato-turrita, basi roiimdata, colimelld plano-con-
tortd, recedente, apertura margine infra columellani
leviter sinuato ei reflexo.
Shell acuminately turreted, rounded at the base, columella
flatly twisted, receding, margin of the apertm-e below
the columella sinuated and reflected.
The flattened receding structure of the columella of the
well-known Senegal Turritella (T. brevialis, Lamarck),
Le Mesal of Adanson, uiduced Mr. Gray to found a genus
for its reception with the name Mesalia, which it is
desirable should be adopted.
It is materially distinguished in this respect from the rest
of the Turritella, excepting the little Greenland T. lactea
of MoUer, also a Mesalia ; and to these may be added
a species {M. Melanioides) from the Cumingian collection,
in which the typical character of the genus is yet more
strongly developed, and which Jlr. Cuming had abeady
put aside in his cabinet as a new form.
Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)
Mesalia lactea. Mes. testa turritd, anfractibus tredecim,
longitudinaUter snli-obUqui et obese pUcato-costatis,
liueis impressis inter castas, lira augustd iiiferne funi-
culatis, aperturd parvd ; opaco-albd.
The milk-white Mesalia. Shell turreted, whorls
thirteen in number, longitudinally rather obliquely
and stoutly pUcately ribbed, with impressed lines in
the interstices, corded round the lower part with a
narrow ridge, aperture small ; opake-white.
Turritella lactea, MoUer, Index Moll. Grcenlandise, p. 9.
Hub. Greenland.
MoUer describes this shell as being a diaphanous white,
but the specimens in the British Museum are rather opake.
Species 2. (Fig. 3 a, b, Mus. Hanley ; and PL V.
Fig. 16 a,b, of Tm-ritella, Mus. Cuming.)
Mesalia brevialis. Mes. testa sttbabbreviato-tiirritd,
crassd, ponderosd, anfractibus quindecim, rotuiidatis,
supernl obscure canaliculatis, spiraliter qtdnqucUratis,
liris siiperioribus fortioribus, iiferioribus interdmn ob-
soletis, iiiterstitiis undique subtilissime et creberrime
striaiis, columella plano-conlortd, recedente, margine
Juue,
mbreflexo ,■ alba, vel ciiiereo-alid, vel sordide olivaced,
iiiterdum strigis fuscescentibus indistiucte pallide tinctd.
The short Mesalia. Shell somewhat abbreviately
tm-reted, thick, ponderous, whorls fifteen in number,
rounded, obscurely channelled round the upper part,
spirally five-ridged, upper ridges stronger, lower
sometimes obsolete, interstices veiy finely and closely
striated throughout, columella flatly twisted, receding
and a bttlo reflected at the edge ; white, or ashy -white,
or dirty olive, sometimes faintly stained with brownish
streaks.
Tm-ritella brevialis, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Desliayes'
edit.) vol. ix. p. 256.
Le Mesal, Adanson.
Turritella Mesal, Deshayes.
Mesalia sulcata. Gray.
Eadem var. Turritella varia, Kiener.
Eab. West Coast of Africa.
An extremely variable species in size and general aspect,
but always distinctly characterized throughoiit by its one
idea of scidpture. Each whorl is encircled by nine thread-
like ridges, five of which remain exposed to view ; of these
the two uppermost are more prominently developed than
the rest and fonn a slight channel. The interstices are
sculptured throughout with exceedingly fine, close-set,
sharply defined striae. In some specimens the shell is of
a dark dirty olive colour and the ridges bgliter, others are
of a light stone colour without any distinction of tone in
the ridges. Of the smaller varieties one is of a dark lead
colom', another snony white and more elongated, with the
ridges almost obsolete ; and a thu-d equally white with the
ridges like so many fine opake threads.
Lamarck, when fij'st describing this species according t(i
the present system of nomenclatm-e, apparently from a
worn specimen, did not recognise in it Le Mesal of Adanson
(Voyage en Senegal, p. 159. pi. 10. f. 7); and M. Deshayes
was unable to identify Turritella brevialis in his edition
of the ' Animaux sans vertebres ' for want of access to the
Lamarckian collection, reserved by M. Kiener for the use
of his ' Iconographie des coquilles vivantes;' in which work
the identification of T. brevialis with Adanson's Mesal
has been recently made known.
Unacquainted with Lamarck's T. brevialis, from his
not referring to Adanson's figure, M. Deshayes described
Le Mesal anew. It is much to be regretted that the
learned editor of the ' Anim. sans vert. ' was not allowed
MES^VLIA.— Plate 1.
access to the Lamarckiau types, when engaged on his
important edition of tiiat work ; either whilst the collection
was in the possession of the Due de Eivoli, under the
curatorsliip of M. Kicner, or subsequently in that of Baron
Delcssert under the care of M. Chenu. That such was the
case M. Deshayes has related to me more than once with
much concern.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Mesalia Melanioides. 3fes. testa acuminato-turntd,
bad rotundata, anfmdibm decern, superm leviter con-
cavis, oblique longiludinaliter pUcato-costellatis, strik
spiralibus numerosk Urkque subdktantibus decmsalk,
suturk impressk; alba, punctk rark rufo-fnsck ornaid.
The Melania-like Mesalia. Shell acuminately tur-
reted, rounded at the base, whorls ten in number,
slightly concave at the upper part, obliquely longitu-
dinally plicately ribbed, decussated with numerous
spii'al striae and distant ridges, sutures impressed ;
white, oi-namented with one or two red-brown dots.
Hab. ?
The generic peculiarities of Mesalia are well-illustrated
in this species.
EGLISIA.
Genus Eglisia, Gray.
Teda elongato-turrita, anfractibus nmmrosis, suturis de-
pressis, cohimeUd plano-iiicrassatd, iasi quadrato-angu-
latd, aperlurd parvd, rotundatd, marginihus fere coii-
jmwfis, non rejlexh.
Shell elongately lurreted, whorls numerous, sutm-es de-
pressed, columella flatly thickened, squarely angled
at the base, aperture small, rounded, margins almost
joined, not reflected.
The necessity for instituting a genus for the reception
of the Turniella splrata of the Tankerville Catalogue,
was first made known by ]\Ii-. Sowerby in his description of
that remarkable shell. " Two cii-cumstanoes," says the
author of the Appendix, Tank. Cat. p.xiv., " are remarkable
in this shell, the broad flat depression in the upper part of
the volutions, and the straight edge of the outer lip.
Aware that it is genericaUy distinguished by this latter
circumstance from Turritella, we should not have added
it to this genus, had there been any more convenient
place for it."
Mr. Gray proposed the name Eglisia, and 1 am able to
confirm the value of the genus by the addition of two more
equally characteristic species, one collected by Mr. Cuming
at the Philippine Islands, another dredged by Sir Edward
Beldier in the China Seas.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
EGLlsi.'i. SPIRATA. Egl. testd pyramidali-turritd, anfrac-
tibus ad duodi'cim, superne peculiariter plano-depressis,
adsuturas concavo-excavalis, spiraliter subobluse liralis;
albidtt, fiihvsceiite-fiisco oblique inquinatd et variegatd.
The spiral Eglisia. Shell pyramidally turreted, whorls
about twelve in number, peculiarly flatly depressed
round the upper part, concavely excavated at the
sutures, spirally somewhat obtusely ridged ; whitish,
obliquely stained and variegated with fidvous browu.
Tun-itella spirufa, Sowerby, TaukervLUe Catalogue, App.
p.xiv.
Turbo suturalis, Gray (in Wood Index Test.)
Eglisia suturalis, Gray (in Brit. Mus.)
Turritella suturalis, Kiener.
Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies ; Sowerby.
I am not aware of any other specimens of this re-
markable species, than those spoken of by Mr. Sowerby in
the Tankerville Catalogue, as having been purchased in the
old collection of Mr. Humphrey. Of these the one here
figured is in the Cumingian collection, and another is in
the British Museum.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Eglisia lanceolata. Egl. testd laneeolato-turritd, an-
fractibus ad octodecim, rotundatis, subobscure octo-
liratis, interstitiis sub Unte tenuissime cancellatis,
siduris profundi excavatis, apertwrd parvd, rotunda;
fulvescente-spadiced.
The lanceolate Eglisia. Shell lanceolately turreted,
whorls about eighteen in number, rounded, rather
obscurely eight-ridged, interstices, beneath the lens,
very finely cancellated, sutui-es deeply excavated,
aperture small, rounded ; light fidvous bay.
Eab. Pasacao, Island of Luzon (in sandy mud at the
depth of ten fathoms) ; Cimiing.
An interesting species collected by Mr. Cuming at the
above-named locality, of the same generic type as the
preceding, the sutures having the same excavated struc-
ture, though in an inferior degree.
Species 3. (Mus. Belcher.)
Eglisia tricaeinata. Egl. testd acute turritd, anfrac-
tibus ad octodecim, superiie contractis et declivibus,
deinde tricarinatis, sub lente longitudinaliter creber-
rime et tenuissime cancellato-striatis, aperturd parvd,
rotundd ; sordide cinereo-fuscd.
The three-keeled Eglisia. Shell sharply turreted,
whorls about eighteen in number, contracted and
slanting round the upper part, then three-keeled,
beneath the lens very finely longitudinally cancel-
lately striated, aperture small, round; dull ashy-
brown.
Adams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang.
Hab. China Seas ; Belcher.
The cancellated structure of this species is simUar to
that of the preceding.
c, 18-19.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
CASSIDARIA
Not lost the time in sea-side ramble spent ;
Braced is the frame, and mental health is gained ;
Knowledge is gained of Him who made the deep,
And blissful love acquired of Nature's works.
Each rock-pool has its treasure, every tide
Strews on the yellow sand from Ocean's lap. — Landsborough.
^"^
CassjdM^m . Fl.I.
> f fc
f .>^"
i
i;
CASSIDARIA
Genus Cassidaria, Lamarck.
Testa ovoidea, ventricosa, ad basin aUeiwata, in caualem
curvum,postice ascendentem, desinens, apertttrd longi-
tudinali, labro columellari lavi, latissime effiiso, lahro
eiterno rejlexo, intus crenato. Operculum corneum.
Shell ovoid, ventricose, attenuated at the base, ending in
a posteriorly ascending recurved canal, aperture
longitudinal, columellar lip smooth, very widely
effused, outer lip reflected, crenated within. Oper-
culum horny.
The genus Cassidaria is one of the very few to which
no species have been added since the time of Lamarck.
It is, indeed, reduced within narrower limits ; for whilst,
on the one hand, the researches of Cuming, Quoy, Belcher,
D'Orbigny and others, compassing the four quarters of
the globe, have failed to discover any new species ; the
Lamarckian genus has been reduced, on the other hand,
by the distribution of two to form the genus Oniscia, and
of another to the genus Triton. Three recent species only
remain to the genus, and it is a matter of opinion amongst
authors whether two of these, both inhabiting the shores
of the jMediterranean, are not varieties of the same specific
type.
The Cassidaria diil'ers from Cassis, to which it is most
nearly aUied, by its oval inflated growth, projecting spire,
and efl'used aperture, ending in a slightly recurved canal.
The locality of the third species is not known.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Cassidaria Tyrrhena. Cass, testa, snbpyriformi-ovatd,
superiw veutricosd, anfractibus liris regidaribus widique
crehre fanicidatis, ultimo superne angulato, ad angulum
compress!; nodoso, supra exiliter oblique plicate, aper-
turd elongato-oblongd, labris obsolete crenatis ; fulves-
cente-spadiced, aperturd alba.
The Tuscan Cassidaria. Shell somewhat pyramidally
ovate, ventricose round the upper part, whorls closely
corded throughout with regular ridges, last whorl
angled at the ujiper part, compressly noduled at the
angle, faintly obliquely plicated above, aperture elon-
gately oblong, lips obsoletely crenulated; light ful-
vous bay, aperture white.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. vii. p. 8.
Tgrrhmum, Chemnitz.
Cassidea TgrrJiena, Bruguiere.
Buccinum echinophorum, var. Gmelin.
Buccinum ochroleucum., Gmelin.
Cassidaria echinophora, Deshayes.
Hab. Mediterranean.
Dr. Philippi and M. Deshayes are of opinion that this
shell, of which there is an accurate representation in
Chemnitz ' Conchylien Cabinet,' vol. x. p. 153. f. 1461-2,
is a smooth variety of the well-known C. echinophora which
follows. It is remarkably distinguished by its angular
pyriform growth, and I have not seen any specimen which
may be said to represent a state intermediate between this
and the commoner form, of which specimens with few oi-
no nodules are frequently mistaken for it.
Species 3. (Fig. a and b, Mus. Cuming.)
Cassidaria echinophora. Cass, testa oviformi, vel
globoso-ovatd, transversim medio costatd, supra et infra
tenuiliratd, costis plamdatis, plus mimisve nodosis, lira
parvd intermedia, labro externa subincrassato, intus
crenato ; fulvescente-albd,ferrugineo-fusco plus minusre
tinctd.
The prickly Cassidaria. Shell egg-shaped or glo-
bosely ovate, transversely ribbed in the middle, finely
ridged above and below, ribs rather flattened, more
or less nodose, with a small intermediate ridge, outer
lip somewhat thickened, crenated within ; light ful-
vous white, more or less stained with rusty brown.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 7.
Buccinum echinophortim, Linnaeus.
Cassidea echinophora, Bruguiere.
Echinora tuberculosa, Schumacher.
Buccinum strigosum, Gmelin.
Buccinum nodosum, DOlwyn.
Cassidaria Tyrrhena, var., Philippi.
Hab. Mediterranean.
The large noduled specimen represented at Fig. 2 b,
sufficiently shows that the growth of this species is ex-
tremely variable ; still, I have not observed in any variety
the peculiar angulated pe;u:-shape which distinguishes the
C. Tyrrhena.
Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)
Cassidaria striata. Cuss, testa subpyriformi-ovatd,
.\ugust, 184.9.
CASSIDARIA.— Plate
basin versus pracipue attenuald, vix recurvd, tram-
versim creberritnc elevato-striatd, striis longitudinaliius
incisis versus apicem decussalis, spira suturu excavatis,
labru incrassatis, inius foriiier crenato-liratis, parum
effusis ; alba, interdum fulvescente, supra columellani
pallide fulvescente areoMd.
"he striated Cassidaria. Shell somewhat pyriformly
ovate, particularly attenuated towards the base,
scarcely recurved, transversely very closely elevately
striated, decussated towards the apex with longitu-
dinal engraved striaj, sutures of the spii-e excavated,
lips thickened, strongly crenately ridged within, but
little effused: white, sometimes brownish, marked
with faint brownish squares above the columella,
Lamaeck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 10.
Hab. ?
An extremely rare shell, concerning tiie habitat of
which I am unable to procure any information.
MONOGRAPH
(J? THE GENUS
0 N I S C I A.
Under the salt waves bright and cleai'.
On moss and sand and soft sea-weed,
Lies many a gift of ocean rare. — Freilic/ratli.
0///.nra, 11 J .
f
'IB. •.;..•:.. I rtiit},
0 N I S C^ I A
Genus Oxiscia, Soicerhij.
Testa oblongo-ovata, basi emarginata, mb-
hrevi, nunc acuminata, nunc depresM, aperturd elongatil,
angmtd, ttsque ad spiram extensd, labro columellari
latias/m' dilatato-reflem et (jranulato, labro externa
di'uticiihifo, iiwrassato, pleiiimgiie medio subcoarctato.
Shell oblong-ovate, emarginated and a little recurved at
spu'c
sometimes acuminated, sometimes
depressed, aperture elongated, narrow, extending as
far as the spire, columellar lip very broadly dilately
reflected and granulated, outer lip denticulated,
thickened, generally sUglitly contracted in the middle.
The genus Otdscia founded by Mr. Sowerby in his
• Genera of Shells' on the Linnaean Strombus oniscus {Cassi-
daria oniscus, Lamarck) has been universally adopted, as
representing a very characteristic and well-defined assem-
blage of characters. They were first remarked on the
appearance of the well-known Oniscia cancellata of the
China Seas, and their importance has been fully confirmed
by the discovery of several interesting new species.
The OuiscifP are closely related to the Camidari/c, but
are uniformly of smaller size, of more solid growth, with
more elaborate sculpture, and remarkably distinguished by
a wide-spread dilation of the columellar. The outer lip is
also peculiar in being denticulated within.
Of the localities known of tlie Oniscice three are from
the Western, two from the Eastern world.
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.)
Onisci.\ oniscus. Oitisc. testa ollongo-ovatd, crassu,
apice mine oblusd, nunc mucronatd, costis fribiis vet
quatuor tuberculatis cinctd, tuberculis iiili-nlidit hipar-
titis, labro iucrassato, tumido, liris iii/rrriiptix in-niii-
laribits intus deutictdato ; albidd, niKvidix jH'rpmn'i'i
punctisqtte numerosis ca/'uleo-niffris aut fuscis aspersd,
labris interdum albis, interdum eximie rosaceis.
The wood-louse Oniscia. Shell oblong-ovate, thick,
sometimes obtuse, sometimes pointed at the apex,
encircled with three or fom- tuberculated ribs, tu-
bercles sometimes divided into two, lip thickened,
swollen, denticulated within with irregular interrupted
ridges; whitish, sprinkled with a few spots and
numerous dots of brown or blue-black, lips sometimes
white, sometimes delicate pink.
August,
Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Oniscia, f. 4.
Strombus oniscus, Linnajus.
Eadem var. Strombus Lamarckii, Deshayes.
Hub. Jamaica ; Gosse.
The sli.ll s(l,M-ted for illustration is the pink-lip variety
to uliiili \L |i( -liayes has given the name 0. Lamarckii.
Till' wliiir \ariiiu's are usually of smaller dimensions,
but the characters are in aU respects the same.
Species i. (Mus. Cuming.)
Onisci.\ Strombiformis. Onisc. testa subtriyono-pyri-
formi, spird elevatd, apice mucronatd, anfractibus su-
perne angulatis, costis numerosis angustis nodosis cinctis,
labro columdlari hiinuli- ijraiuihito, labro e.derno tirato-
denticulato, lini lim-i inlcrriip/ii lnh-rreidente ; alba,
rufo-fusco miicnluld I'f piiiictiilii, hdiris albis.
The stkombvs-shaped Oniscia. Shell somewhat tri-
angularly pear-shaped, spire elevated, pointed at the
apex, whorls angidated round the upper part, en-
circled with many narrow nodulous ridges, colu-
mellar lip minutely granidated, outer lip denticulated
with ridges, with a short interrupted ridge in the
interstices ; white, spotted and dotted with red brown,
lips white.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1812. p. 91. Conch. Syst. vol. ii.
p. 310.pl. 353. f. 1.
Hab. Honduras ; Dyson.
Distinguished from the preceeding species by its sUghter
growth, more elevated spire, and finely nodided narrow
Species 3. (Mus. Dennison.)
OiNlsciA ExauisiTA. Onisc. testa subtrigono-ovatd, spird
brevi, acuta, anfractibus superne concavo-depressis,
tuberculis papiUaribus tmdique cingulatis, lira obseurd
intervenii'nte, labro columellari late expanse, granulis
valde irrcijiilarihiis, Inbro externo hicrassatim refkxo,
liris brcribns ilcntiformibus irregulariter mtmito ;
albidd, aiirautio-fusco hie illic sparsim punctata et pone
labrum trimaculatd, labris pallide purpureo-rosaceis,
apice rufo.
The exquisite Oniscia. Shell somewhat triangularly
ovate, spire short, sharp, whorls concavely depresssed,
18-19.
ONISCIA.— Pl.vtf I.
eiicirded throughout with papillary tubercles, with
ati obscure ridge interveiiiug, eolumellar lip broadly
expanded, gramdcs very irregular, outer lip thickly
reflected, furnished with short dentiform ridges ;
whitish, sparingly dotted, and, behind the lip, three-
spotted with orange-brown, lips light pm-ple-pink,
apex red.
Adams and Beeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. pi. 5.
fig 3, a and h.
Hab. Sooloo Archipelago (outside a coral reef near the
city of Sooloo, in sandy mud at the depth of from
sixteen to twenty fathoms) ; Belcher.
The surface of this very characteristic species, collected
by Captain Sir Edward Belcher during the voyage of the
Samarang, is covered with papillary tubercles in rows of
about ten, the same number longitudinally as transversely.
The eolumellar and outer Ups are delicately enamelled of a
livid purplish pink colour.
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Oniscia cancellata. Otiisc. testa oUongo-ovatd, had
attemiatd, plus minusve pyriformi, spird eleoatittsctdd,
acuta, anfractitms superne rotundatis, longitudinaliter
compresse plicatk, costis nnmerom angustis crenulatis
tramveisim cancellatis, costis ad juncturas squamatk,
labro columdlari fortiter granulato, externo fortiter
dentato ; albidd aiitfuscescente-alid,fuscotrifasciatd.
The cancellated Oniscia. Shell oblong-ovate, atten-
uated at the base, more or less pear-shaped, spire
rather elevated, sharp, whorls rounded at the upper
part, longitudinally eompressly plicated, cancellated
transversly with numerous narrow crenulated ribs,
ribs squaniate at the crossing, eolumellar lip strongly
granulated, outer Up strongly toothed ; whitish or
brownish white, encircled with three brown bands.
SowERBY, Genera of Shells, Onkcia, f. 1 to 3.
Cassidaria cancellata, Kiener (not of Lamarck).
liab. China Seas.
According to the testimony of M. Deshayes, the fossil
Camdaria cancellata of Lamarck is a difl'erent species from
this, with which it has been usually identified.
Species 5. (Fig. a and A, Mus. Cuming.)
Oniscia tuberculosa. Onisc. testa cylindraceo-oblongd.
crassd, spird nunc convexd, nunc depresso-pland, apice
acnte mueronatd, aufractilius quinquecostatis, costis sub-
distantibus, tuberculatis, interstitiis subtiliter liralis
labro coltimellari exiliter granidato, externo medio
coarctato, intus dentictdalo ; intense nigra, irregu-
lariter albipunctaid, apertures Jance alba, interdum
vivide croced.
The tubercled Oniscia. Shell cylindrically oblong,
thick, spire sometimes convex, sometimes depressly
flattened, pointed at the apex, whorls five-ribbed,
ribs rather distant, tuberculated, interstices finely
ridged, eolumellar lip faintly gi-anulated, outer lip
contracted in the middle, denticulated within ; deep
black, dotted irregularly with white, interior of the
aperture white, sometimes bright saffron.
Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Oniscia, p. 3. Reeve, Conch.
Syst. vol. ii. p. 211, pi. 253, f. 2 to 4.
Sab. Kg. a. Gallapagos Island (in clefts of rocks at low
water) ; Cuming. Fig. 2 b. Gulf of California.
Of the two specimens here figiu-ed from Mr. Cuming's
collection, that represented at Fig. 5 a is but indistinctly
granulated, the spire is depressly flattened, and the aper-
ture is of bright safii-on colour. In the specimen repre-
sented at Fig. 5 b, the spire is eonvexly raised, and there
is no indication of colour in the apertm'e. The granules
are numerous, but extremely superficial.
Species 6. (Mus. Dennison.)
Oniscia Dennisoni. Onisc. testa trigono-ovatd, spird
acuta, anfractibtis superne angulatis, longitndinaliter
compresse plicatis, costis numerosis angitstis cancellatis,
costis ad juncturas squamatis, labro coltimellari late
expan-so, minute granulato, externo liris subirregularibus
dentictdalo ; albidd, fusco subobscure tri-qtiadrifasciatd,
labro columellari intense sangidneo-rutilo, granulis
albidis, labro externo rufescente, liris, albidis.
Dennison's Oniscia. Shell triangularly ovate, spire
sharp, whorls angled round the upper part, longitudi-
nally eompressly plicated, cancellated with numerous
narrow ribs, which are squamate at the crossing,
eolumellar lip broadly expanded, minutely granulated,
outer lip denticulated with somewhat iiregular ridges;
whitish, rather obscurely three- or four-banded, eolu-
mellar lip very deep blood-red, granules whitish,
outer lip light red, with the ridges whitish.
Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe., 1842. p. 21. Conch. Syst. vol. ii.
p. 211. pi. 253. f. 5 and 15.
Hab. — ?
This species approaches very closely in form and detail
of sculpture to the 0. cancellata, but is especially remark-
able on account of the intensely red colouring of the
columella.
MONOGRAPH
OF THE GENUS
E B U R N A .
Now is it pleasant in the summer eve,
When a broad shore retiring waters leave.
Awhile to wait upon the firm fair saud,
When aU is calm at sea, aU still on laud.
And there the ocean's produce to explore.— CVaWf
J'Jh !</•/<(( Ji . I .
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EBURNA
Genus Eburna, Lamarck.
Testa ovata vc/ ovato-conoidea, umMUcnta, umbUico amjilo,
infra caiKilicuJato, biienhtiii. hiipletn, spirce siiluris
nunc shiipliriljiis, nunc iirufiititVi- viiniiUvulatis, aperturd
basi e»utr(jiiiatd, plcruiuqiie stipcnii caiialiculatd, labro
columellari incrassato, calloso, exier/io simpUci. Opvr-
culmu parvmn, acuminatum.
Shell ovate or ovately conoid, umbilicated, umbilicus large,
channelled beneath, sometimes tilled up, sutures of
the spire simple or very deeply chanueUed, columellar
lip thickened, callous, outer lip simple. Opercidum
small, acuminated.
The name Eburna, signifying ivorij, is not very appro-
priate for the present genus, inasmuch as it was founded
on the polished E. glabrata of Lamarck, which proves to
be an AncUlaria, almost entirely enveloped by the soft
pai-ts, whilst the species that remain are distinguished for
having a dark thick epidermis. The animal, of which
di'awiugs have been published in the Mollusca of the
Voyage of the Samarang and of Le Bonite, approaches so
near to Buccinum, that M. Deshayes is disposed to return
rather to the views of Bruguiere and Linnaeus ; it wiU,
however, be readily acknowledged that there is a marked
association of generic character' in the objects under con-
sideration. They ai-e all largely mubilieated, the umbilicus
being sometimes filled up, and are devoid of sculpture.
The aperture is alike in all, and the colouring and pattern
are peculiar, very simOar throughout, yet varying in a
manner sufficiently constant in each species to be regarded
of considerable specific importance.
It is perhaps scarcely necessary to refer to M. Kiener's
remarks that E. papulosa and Falentiana are varieties of
E. spirata, and that E. ambulacrum is a variety of E. lidosa
(figured as E. spirata vox.). This is a grave mistake;
the author is not, unfortunately, acquainted with the
species. It will also be found on reference to Sp. 4, that
the E. australis is not identical with Lamarck's CoucMaria
spirata as generally supposed; whQst E.plumbea is re-
ferred to the genus Mouoceros.
The ElniriKV are idl inhabitants of the Eastern hemis-
phere.
Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)
Ebukn.'v P-\pill.\ris. Eburn. testil oblongo-conoklcd,
imperforatil, spird elevatd, apice papillaris suturis sii/i-
plicibus, anfraetibits subrotundatis, superne obtuse de-
pres.sis, vLv angulatis ; alba, f usee iindlqiie pimclald.
The i>.\^piLLARY Ebdrna. Shell oblong-conoid, imper-
forated, spire raised, papillary at the apex, sutures
simple, whorls somewhat rounded, obtusely depressed
at the upper part, scarcely angulated ; white, dotted
throughout with brown.
SowERBY, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. xxii.
llab. Cape of Good Hope.
I am only aware of four specimens of this very in-
teresting species ; one in the British Museum, one in the
Cumingian collection, one in the collection of Mr. Gaskoin,
and one in some continental cabinet.
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.)
Eburna lutosa. Eburn. testa ovatd, vix umbilicatd, spird
elevatd, acutd, anfractibus convexis, Icevibus, superne
obtuse depressis, vix angulatis ; albd, pallide spadiceo
promiscne tmdulato-nebulatd .
The mudby Eburna. Shell ovate, scarcely umbilicated,
spire raised, sharp, whorls convex, smooth, obtusely
depressed above, scarcely angulated ; white, promis-
cuously clouded in a waved manner with light fawn
colour.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 23.5.
Eburna Pacijicn, Swaiuson.
Hob. China.
The colouring obtains a less defined pattern in this
species than in any other, and the whorls are more ob-
tusely depressly rounded at the upper part.
Species 3. (Mus. Cimiing.)
Eburna Japonic a. Eburn. testd ovato-conoided, umbili-
catd. apice sidipnpiUari, suturis simpUcibus, anfractibus
coiicr.vis, IrPvibus, supcrui' vix depressis ; albidd, macu-
lis seniihriiarihii.s rrl oblouyis fnlri)-spadiceis, confertis,
hiserititiui ,-i,i,-l,i, iii/i-rs/iliis inacidis parvis numerosis,
diayi)ti'iliti-r JisihlsiUs, uotalis.
The Japan Eburna. Shell ovately conoid, umbilicated,
somewhat papillary at the apex, sutures simple,
whorls convex, smooth, very slightly depressed at
the upper part ; whitish, encircled with two rows of
close-set semilunar or oblong fulvous bay spots, the
interstices between which are marked with Mumerou-
small spots ranging diagouidly.
EBURNA.— Plate
iii:r.\E, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 200 ; Conch. Syst.
pi. 271. f. 1.
ffab. Japan ; Dr. Siebold.
Allied in form to A'. Zeylanica, but less umbilicatL'd,
and less sharply acuminated; whilst the de
painting is very characteristic.
of the
Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ebukna abstralis. Ebiirn. testa, ovatd, imperforala,
spird breviusculd, suluris late depresso-cmmliculatis,
hmi leviter sulcata, sulcis quinque ml sex, delude sulco
unico suipro/mido, supra punctato-striatd, anfractihis
quinque; lutescente-albidd, maculis grandibus rufu-
fuscisjuxta sttturas, perparicis minoriius infra.
The southern Ebukna. Shell ovate, imperforated,
spire rather short, sutures broadly depressly chan-
nelled, sculptm-ed at the base with five or six light
gi-ooves, then with a single rather deep one, above
striated with fine punctures, whorls five in number ;
yellowish white, with a row of red-brown spots next
the sutures, and a very few smaller ones beneatli.
SovvERBY, Conch. Illustrations, f. 5.
ffab. Australia.
The Eburna australis has been confounded by many
authors with the Cancellaria spirata of Lamarck, bcUeviug
them to be identical. M. Deshayes goes so far as to say
that Mr. Sowerby has represented the same shell in two
places (Conch. Illus. Cancellaria, f. 25 and Eburna, f. 5.),
suiting the configui'ation of the columella in each instance
to the character of the genus. Such is not the case. The
tliree-plaited Cancellaria spirata and the Eburna aiisfralis
are two veiy distinct shells, the latter being of more solid
growth, smooth towards the apex, and furnished with an
arched callous columella, characteristic of the genus to
which it has been referred in the absence of any more
suitable place.
Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.)
Kburna ambulacrum. Eburn. testa ovatd, umbilicatd,
spira Huturis profundi canaliculalis, anfractibus sub-
plano-convexis, lavibus ; albidd, fuscescente-spadiceo
creberrime maculatd et nclmlato-tiiictd, apici; niyri-
cante.
The gallery Eburna. Shell ovate, umbilicatcd, sutures
of the spire deeply channelled, whorls rather flatly
convex, smooth ; whitish, very closely spotted and
clouded with brownish bay, ape.\ blackish.
Sowerby, Tankerville Catalogue, App. p. xxii.
Hub. Isle of Mindanao, Philippines (in sandy nmd at the
depth of twelve fathoms); Cuming.
Very closely allied to the E. spirata, but always readily
distinguished by its smaller size, darker colour, and more
closely clouded spots.
Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.)
Eburna abeolata. Ebum. testa ovato-ventricosd, spird
elevatd, profundi et ampliter umbilicatd, convexis,
lavibus, superne obtuse depresses, stchcanaliciilatis, vix
angulatis ; albd, macnlis rufo-ca,staneis graiidibus ob-
longo-quadratiis subundatis seriatim ciiictd.
The square-spotted Eburna. Shell ovately ventricose,
spu-e elevated, deeply and largely umbiMcated, convex,
smooth, obtusely depressed round the upper part,
slightly channelled, scarcely angidated ; white, en-
circled with rows of large oblong-square slightly
waved reddish-chestnut spots.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 23.5.
Buccinum spiratum var., Bruguiere.
Eburna tessellata, Swainson.
Hub. Ceylon.
The spots are disposed in three rows, the lowest being
concealed in all but the last whorl, by the superposition
of one whorl upon the other.
Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.)
Eburna spirata. Eburn. testa ovatd, parum umbilicatd,
spird acutd, suturis profundi canaliculatis, anfractibus
subplano-convexia ; albd, fulvescente-spadiceo viaculatd,
maculis medianis minoribus, apice cdBrideo-uigricante.
The spiral Eburna. Shell ovate, but little umbilicated,
spire sharp, sutures deeply channelled, whorls rather
flatly convex ; white, spotted mth fulvous bay,
middle spots the smaller, apex bluish black.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 234.
Buccinum, spiratum, Linnaeus.
Uab. Ceylon. Philippines.
An interesting variety of this well-known species was
collected during the voyage of the Samarang, in which
the spots were smaller and of much darker coloui'.
Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.)
Eburna Zeylanica. Eburn. testa ovato-cotiicd, profundi
et ampliter umbilicatd, spird acuminatd, suturis nun-
quam canaliculatis, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, lavi-
gatis ; alia, maculis grandibus simtalis fuho-spadicek
EBURNA.— Plate T.
infra suiuras, maculis ovatis mvioribus medio pictd,
umbiliro violascente, apice nigricante.
The Ceylon Eburna. Shell ovately conic, ilceply and
largely umbilicated, spire acuminated, sutures never
channelled, whorls convexly slanting, smooth ; white,
painted beneath the sutures with large sinuated ful-
vous-bay blotches, in the middle with smaller oval
spots of the same colour, umbilicus tinged with
violet, apex blackish.
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. (Deshayes' edit.) vol. x. p. 333.
Bucciinnu Zaylanicum, Bruguiere.
Hab. Ceylon.
Distinguished by its regidar conical growth, without
the sutures being in any degree caualiculated.
Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.)
Ebukna Valentiana. Ebttrn. testa globoid, crassiuscidd,
imperforatd, spird peculiarittr demend, suturis pro-
funde canaliculatk, apice aciito, anfractibus rotundatis,
lavibus ; albd, maculis fulvo-spadiceis, promiictM tongi-
tudinaliter miuatis et undatis, pictd.
Valentia's Eburna. Shell globose, rather thick, im-
perforated, spire peculiarly sunk, sutures deeply
channelled, apex sharp, whorls rounded, smooth ;
white, painted with fulvous-bay spots, promiscuously
longitudinally sinuated and waved.
Swainson, Zoological Illustrations, vol. iii. pi. 14-1.
Hah. Red Sea.
A very distinct species, named in honour of Lord
Valentia, afterwards Earl of Mount Norris.
Wo I
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